Evolution Test Review
Finzer 2012
List and explain the evidence
that supports the theory of
evolution.
① process where
• Adaptations
• Natural
selection
• Mimicry
• Camouflage
individuals better
suited to their
environment survive
and reproduce most
successfully
② inherited
characteristics that
increase an organisms
chance of survival
③ an adaptation that
allows one organism to
appear like another
④ an adaptation that
enables an organism to
blend in with its
surroundings
Mimicry and Camouflage
List and explain the evidence
that supports the theory of
evolution.
① structures that have
• Homologous
structures
• Analogous
structure
• Vestigial
structures
different forms in
different organisms
but develop from the
same embryonic
materials Ex: forelimbs
of a human, dog, and
seal
② structures that are
similar in function but
not in structure Ex:
wings of a bird or
insects
③ structures that serve
no useful function in an
organism but once did
Homologous Structures
Analogous
Structures
Vestigial
Structures
Identify the four components of Darwin’s
natural selection that can lead to evolution.
①living things produce far more offspring than can
possibly survive to adulthood
②each offspring has some variation that makes it
an imperfect replica of the parent(s)
③some variations will have greater survival
advantage than others
④those individuals with the better variations will
generally tend to survive and produce more
successful offspring. The sorting of "good" from
"not good" individuals by their environment is
what Darwin termed "natural selection."
Explain how phenotypic variation serves
as the raw material for evolution.
• Can you apply
Darwin’s 4
components to
a re-life
example like
the Finches on
the Galapagos
Islands?
Distinguish between the 2
methods of dating fossils.
Relative Age versus Absolute Age
• 1. Compares two
• 2. Uses terms older
or younger
Superposition in rock
layers
• 1. Gives actual number
OR information that
allows you to find the
number.
• 2. Numbers DO NOT
have to be exact.
• Also known as
radiometric dating
because of the decay
of radioactive
elements in rocks
Explain how natural selection leads to
biodiversity and speciation.
• Stabilizing selection
– the middle or
average phenotypes
or traits are favored
for survival in a
particular
environment
Explain how natural selection leads to
biodiversity and speciation.
• Directional selection
– one of the extreme
phenotypes or traits
are favored for
survival in a
particular
environment. Could
be the largest of
the smallest
critters, or the
darkest or lightest
critters
Explain how natural selection leads to
biodiversity and speciation.
• Disruptive selection
– both extreme
phenotypes or traits
are favored for
survival in a
particular
environment. Small
and big spiders
survive instead of
medium size spiders
Compare and contrast the 2 types of
evolution – convergent and divergent.
• Convergent:
• Organisms not closely
related
• Share the same habitat
• Share environmental
selection pressures
• Developed similar traits
(adaptations) for their
similar environment
• Examples:
• Dolphins/Sharks
• Birds/Flying Insects
Compare and contrast the 2 types of
evolution – convergent and divergent.
• Divergent:
• Organisms closely related
• Live in different habitats
• Do not share the same
environmental pressures
• Develop different traits
(adaptations) for their
differing environments
• Examples:
• Darwin’s finches
• Grizzly bear and Polar
bear
• All species of cats
Compare and contrast the 2 types of
evolution – convergent and divergent.
• Convergent evolution
means different
structure, similar
function – analogous
structures
• Divergent evolution
means same
structure, different
function –
homologous
structures
Compare and contrast the 2 types of
evolution – convergent and divergent.
Similarities:
• Both are types of
evolution
• Both show changes in
species over time