• Lection 2
• Theme: DENTAL FORMULA
(FORMULA OF TEETH). SIGNS OF
TEETH. DRILLS. MODERN DOMESTIC
AND OVERSEA STOMATOLOGICAL
OPTIONS. OFFICE HOURS.
ERGONOMICS IS IN DENTISTRY.
CLASSIFICATION OF CARIOUS
CAVITIES AFTER BLACK. BASIC
PRINCIPLES AND FEATURES OF
PREPARING OF CARIOUS CAVITIES
• The dental system of men belongs to the
dyphiodontical system (there are two
changes of teeth: a suckling bite is 20
teeth, permanent - 32 teeth. Anatomic
formula of teeth of suckling bite — 2.1.2,
that on every side of both overhead and
lower jaw there are two incisives, one
canines, two molars. Anatomic formula of
teeth of permanent bite — 2.1.2.3, that two
incisives one canines, two premolars and
three molars.
• For comfort of records of results of inspection of
cavity of mouth the special charts which it is enough
different are developed. For today there are a few
charts of record. More frequent in all use denotation
of dental row as a dental formula:
87654321 12345678
87654321 12345678
The second teeth in her are reflected the Arabic
figures, and temporal (milk) — Roman:
V IV III II I I II III IV V
V IV III II I I II III IV V
• For standardization of record of dental formula Worldwide
organization of health protection (WOHP) and International
federation of dentistry offered the ambiguous system of
denotation of teeth depending on their placing on the proper
side of overhead or lower jaw. Pursuant to her every tooth is
written down two the Arabic figures, the first from which
expresses the quadrant of the proper half of jaw, and second is
sequence number of tooth in her. Both jaws of patient are updiffused on four quadrants. The review of teeth is begun with a
supramaxilla business and mark them by the number 1.
Farther move after motion of hour-hand and mark the proper
halves of jaws: upper left — the number 2, left lower — 3 and
right lower — 4.
1 quadrant
4 quadrant
2 quadrant
3 quadrant
• A dental formula at such method of
denotation acquires such kind:
• 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
supramaxilla on the right
• 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31
the lower jaw on the right
the supramaxilla on the
left
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
the lower jaw on the left
• The charts of dental formula, on which all
surfaces of crowns of the teeth are represented as
if in the unfolded kind, are developed also. On
them it is possible exactly to inflict localization of
carious cavity, stopping or other pathological
defeat on every separate tooth. In this formula
frontal teeth have 4 surfaces, and premolars and
molars is 5 surfaces. For correct interpretation of
information of this formula the accepted is
conditional denotation of surfaces for frontal teeth
(incisives and canines): 1 is vestibular (labial)
surface; 2 are medіal (middle); 3 is tongue
(palatal) and 4 is distal surface. On premolar and
molar: 1 is occlusive surface; 2 is vestibular
(cheek); 3 are medіal; 4 is tongue (palatal) and 5 is
distal surface.
• Types of drills, which today more frequent
in all are used:
• stand-up feet not demountable,
demountable, difficult;
• combined feet and with a motor;
• stand-up with an electromotor (stationary);
• hangings wall with an electric motor;
• portable;
high-speed;
• universal dentistry options.
• Ergonomics is science which is engaged in the
study of dependence between a man and his
surroundings during labour. The name originates
from combination of two sciences: ergologiascience about labour and its influence on a
performer, and economy - science which studies
the effects of labour. In dentistry introduction of
such methods of labour, which allow to get most
its productivity at the least efforts of worker, is the
primary purpose of ergonomics.
• Ergonomics gets busy, by the way, by a health,
safety, hygiene and comfort of work of dentistry
collective and even rational rest.
• Ergonomics in dentistry engulfs four
basic problems:
• man (dentistry collective and patient);
• apparatus, instruments and materials;
• organization of labour is in a dentistry
cabinet;
• terms of surroundings.
Mirrors
Forceps
Knives
Spatulas
Set of filling instruments