Romanticism originated in the second half of the 18 th century.
Romanticism was a reaction to the
Industrial Revolution.
The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror and terror and awe —especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories.

It started as an artistic and intellectual movement that emphasized a revulsion against established values
(social order and religion).
Romanticism exalted individualism, subjectivism, irrationalism, imagination, emotions and nature emotion over reason and senses over intellect.

Aesthetic- is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty , art , and taste, and with the creation and appreciation of beauty .
Sturm and Drang movement- conventionally translated as "Storm and Stress", is a proto-
Romantic movement in German literature and music taking place from the late 1760s through the early 1780s, in which individual subjectivity and, in particular, extremes of emotion were given free expression in reaction to the perceived constraints of rationalism imposed by the Enlightenment and associated aesthetic movements.

Hudson River School (1835 - 1870)-
Hudson River School was the first
American school of landscape painting active from 1835-1870. The subjects of their art were romantic spectacles from the Hudson River
Valley and upstate New York.

In a revived clash between color and design, the expressiveness and mood of color, emphasized in the new prominence of the brushstroke and impasto the artist's free handling of paint, which tended to be repressed in neoclassicism.
Romantic artists believed in the ideal that Nature is powerful and will eventually overcome the transient creations of men.
American artists tried to separate themselves from
European artists by depicting unique American scenes and landscapes.

Romantic artists were fascinated by the nature, the genius, their passions and inner struggles, their moods, mental potentials, the heroes.

Hudson River School
Albert Bierstadt
Thomas Cole
American Romanticism
John Singleton Copley
Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze
Edward Hicks
Gilbert Stuart

British Romanticism
William Blake
Joseph Mallord William Turner
French
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
Eugene Delacroix
Theodore Gericault

The Course of Empire
Distant View of Niagara Falls
The Garden of Eden

Watson and the Shark
The Return of Neptune
Paul Revere

Oberon, Titania and Puck with Fairies
Dancing
The Ghost of a Flea
Ancient of Days

Baronne de Rothschild
La Grande Odalisque

Is a term describing a style of Western
Classical music.
While the Classical era had strict laws of balance and restraint, the Romantic era moved away from that by allowing artistic freedom, experimentation, and creativity.
The music of this time period was very expressive, and melody became the dominant feature.

Composers even used this expressive means to display nationalism . This became a driving force in the late
Romantic period, as composers used elements of folk music to express their cultural identity.
There was the increased use of dissonance and extended use of chromaticism .

One of the new forms was the symphonic poem , which was an orchestral work that portrayed a story or had some kind of literary or artistic background to it.
Another was the art song , which was a vocal musical work with tremendous emphasis placed on the text or the symbolical meanings of words within the text.

Opera became increasingly popular, as it continued to musically tell a story and to express the issues of the day. Some of the themes that composers wrote about were the escape from political oppression, the fates of national or religious groups, and the events which were taking place in far off settings or exotic climates. This allowed an element of fantasy to be used by composers.

The Romantic era produced many more composers whose names and music are still familiar and popular today: Brahms, Tchaikovsky,
Schumann, Schubert, Chopin, and
Wagner are perhaps the most wellknown, but there are plenty of others who may also be familiar, including
Strauss, Verdi, Liszt, Mendelssohn,
Puccini, and Mahler.