MAT 131 - Final Exam
Fall, 2012
What’s fair game for the final?
Everything we talked about. As a reminder of what we covered & where it was…
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
3.1
3.2
3.3
Population/sample, parameter/statistic, qualitative/quantitative, discrete/continuous,
nominal/ordinal/interval/ratio
Observational study/designed experiment, confounding, lurking variables,
retrospective/prospective, census
Random/simple random,
Stratified/systematic/cluster/convenience sampling
Sampling/nonresponse/response bias
Experiment, placebo, blinding, factors/treatments, randomized/matched-pairs design
Frequency/relative frequency distributions, bar graphs/side-by-side bar graphs, pie charts
Histograms, LCL/UCL, class width, stem & leaf plots, shape of a distribution (skew right/left,
uniform, normal)
Misrepresenting data/misleading graphs
3.4
3.5
Mean/median/mode/midrange, bimodal/multimodal
Range, standard deviation, variance, Empirical Rule, Chebyshev’s Inequality
Mean from a frequency distribution, weighted mean, variance/standard deviation from a frequency
distribution
Z-scores, percentiles/quartiles, IQR, describing the distribution (center, spread & shape), fences
5 # summary, boxplots
4.1
4.2
4.3
Scatter plots, positively/negatively associated, correlation coefficient (computation & properties)
Least-squares regression line & predictions
r2
5.1
Probability 101, law of large numbers, sample space, event, unusual, Empirical/Classical/Subjective
probability, tree diagrams
Disjoint, Venn diagrams, addition rule (OR), complement (NOT)
Independent/dependent, multiplication rule (AND)
Conditional probability & more of the multiplication rule
Counting: Multiplication rule, permutations/combinations
Which rule to use?
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
6.1
6.2
7.1
Random variables, discrete RV/continuous RV, probability distributions/histograms, mean &
variance/standard deviation of a discrete random variable, expected variable
Binomial distribution, mean & standard deviation of the binomial distribution
7.3
Uniform distribution, probability density functions, normal distribution, area under the normal
curve, the standard normal distribution, sketching the normal distribution
Properties of the standard normal distribution, using the normal dist table to find area under the
standard normal curve, finding the z-score given the area.
Finding the area under any normal distribution curve, finding the (x) score given the area.
8.1
8.2
Distribution of the mean, mu_xbar & sigma_xbar, central limit theorem
Distribution of the sample proportion, mu_p hat, sigma_p hat
7.2
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
Point estimate, margin of error, finding CI for mu when we know sigma, finding n to estimate mu
CI for mu when sigma is unknown, using the t table
CI for p, finding n to estimate p
Which rule to use?
10.1 Hypothesis testing 101: H0, H1, left/right/2-tail test, type I & type II errors, level of significance
10.2 Critical regions, critical values, test statistic, when to reject H0, basic steps of testing ANY claim, pvalues, testing claims with confidence intervals
10.3 Everything in 10.2 – when sigma is known
10.4 Everything in 10.2 – to test a claim about p
10.5 Which rule to use?
11.1 Testing a claim about the difference of two means for dependent (matched-pairs) samples, CI for
matched-pairs data
11.2 Testing a claim about the difference of two means for independent samples, CI for the difference of
two means
11.3 Testing a claim about the difference of two population proportions, finding a CI for the difference
of population proportions
Supplimentary material:
 Using the chi-squared table
 Finding CI for standard deviation and variance
 Testing claims about sigma or sigma^2
How should you study for the final?
 START EARLY! Don’t wait until Monday night. Start now. Don’t pull a marathon session.
Several smaller study sessions will be far more fruitful…
 Start by reviewing the topics on this sheet. If any of them seem unfamiliar, grab your notes &
remind yourself what they are…
 Speaking of notes, look through your notes & make sure you understand the examples we did in
class.
 AS YOU GO THROUGH YOUR NOTES/BOOK, CREATE YOUR FORMULA SHEET (if
you didn’t do this over thanksgiving). An 8.5 x 11 sheet is fine, but you can’t have any examples.
AT ALL. If your sheet contains any examples, you should expect to take the exam without a
formula sheet.
 Re-do old quizzes & exams. I didn’t look at any of the old quizzes or tests when I wrote the final,
but it’s another way to identify things you need to practice.
 Re-do old homework assignments.
 The material that wasn’t on a test (chapter 11 & the supplementary material) will be worth more
points on the final than problems that were covered on exams (chapters 1 – 10)