Endocrine System
Chapter 10
Classification of hormones
Water Soluble
Lipid based
“steroid”
Protein based
• Insulin
 TSH
• Cortisol
• Glucagon
 Thyroxine
• Aldosterone
• Epinephrine
 ACTH
• Growth hormone
 Epinephrine
• Androgens
• Estrogen
• Progesterone
• Testosterone
• Prolactin
• FSH
• LH
• Calcitonin
 Oxytocin
 MSH
 ADH
 PTH
Target Tissues
• Melatonin: brain
• Prolactin: breast
• TSH: thyroid
• ACTH: adrenal glands
• FSH and LH: gonads
• Antidiuretic Hormone:
• Melanocyte Stimulating
Hormone: melanocytes
• Growth Hormone: bone,
muscle, organs
kidneys
• Oxytocin: breast, uterus
• Thyroxine: bone, neurons,
most tissues
• Calcitonin: bone, kidney
Target Tissues
• PTH: bone, kidney
• Thymosin: thymus
• Epinephrine: liver, heart,
• Cortisol:liver, muscle,
adipose, MOST tissues
skeletal muscle, adipose
• Aldosterone: kidney
tissue
• Glucagon: Liver, muscle
• Norepinephrine: skeletal
muscle, adipose tissue,
liver, blood vessels
• Insulin: Liver, muscle, satiety
center of hypothalamus
How do protein based hormones and
lipid based hormones differ in how they
affect cells?
• Lipid based will be the primary messenger,
going directly into the cell
• Protein based must use a second messenger
after docking to a receptor on the outside of
the cell membrane
What are three ways endocrine glands
can be stimulated?
• Changes in the blood (humoral )
• By other hormones
• By neuronal pathways (the sympathetic nervous system
will stimulate the adrenal medulla to release
epinephrine)
Which of the following is involved in
normal development of the immune
response:
A. Adrenal medulla
B. Thyroid
C. Pancreas
D. thymus
Which of the following is NOT a tropic
hormone of the anterior pituitary gland?
A. Adrena Cortiocotropin Hormone
B. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
C. Growth hormone
D. Luteinizing H0rmone
E. Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Which of the following does growth
hormone NOT promote?
A. Promotes bone growth
B. Promotes muscle growth
C. Promotes production of sperm
D. Promotes growth of organs
What is Negative Feedback?
A. Cause a great fluctuation in hormone concentration
within the blood
B. Inhibit hormone release once a set point for that
hormone has been reached
C. Create imbalances in homeostasis and potential
disease
D. Signal the endocrine organs to shut down
completely
A hormone is a chemical that
A. Is produced by living cells
B. Regulate metabolic activities
C. Is distributed via the blood or other body
fluids (like lymph)
D. All of the above
Most hormones are classified as:
A. Nucleic acids or amino-acids
B. Amino acids or carbohydrates
C. Steroids or amino-acids
D. Carbohydrates or nucleic acids
Which element is important for
building thyroxine?
A. Iron
B. Iodine
C. Calcium
D. Potassium
E. Sodium
Which element is regulated by
Parathyroid hormone?
A. Iron
B. Iodine
C. Calcium
D. Potassium
E. Sodium
Which of the following is able to
bind only to receptors on the
outside of cell membranes?
A. Steroid hormones
B. Water soluble hormones
C. Carbohydrates
D. Iodine hormones
The anterior pituitary secretes all
of the following EXCEPT:
A. Antidiuretic hormone
B. Growth hormone
C. Gonadotropins
D. Thyroid stimulating hormone
Which is NOT a tropic hormone?
A. Thyroid stimulating hormone
B. Follicle stimulating hormone
C. Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus
D. Prolactin
Which hormone is NOT involved
with sugar metabolism?
A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Aldosterone
D. Insulin
Which hormone acts to increase
blood volume??
A. Insulin
B. Melatonin
C. Epinephrine
D. Antidiuretic hormone
When too little thyroxine is
produced from childhood, which
disease develops?
A. Graves disease
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Congenital Hypothyroidism
D. Osteoporosis
When too little thyroxine is
produced from childhood, which
disease develops?
A. Graves disease
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Congenital Hypothyroidism
D. Osteoporosis
Gonadotropins:
A. Are produced by the gonads
B. Are hormones that act on the gonads
C. Are produced in only one gender
The ability of a tissue to respond
to a specific hormone depends
on:
A. The location of the tissue with respect to the
gland producing the hormone
B. The presence of appropriate receptors on the
cells of the tissue
C. Nothing – all hormones of the body can affect
all tissues
When “fight or flight” becomes
necessary, which hormone is
released?
A. Estrogen
B. Epinephrine
C. Thyroxine
D. Antidiuretic hormone
The major target for growth
hormones include:
A. Blood vessels
B. Adrenal glands
C. Liver
D. Bones and skeletal muscles
E. Kidneys
The major target tissues for insulin:
A. Blood vessels
B. Adrenal glands
C. Liver
D. Bones and skeletal muscles
E. Kidneys
The pathway to release cortisol is :
A. Anterior pituitary – hypothalamus – adrenal gland
B. Anterior pituitary – adrenal gland – hypothalamus
C. Adrenal gland – anterior pituitary - hypothalamus
D. Hypothalamus – adrenal gland – anterior pituitary
E. Hypothalamus – anterior pituitary- adrenal gland
Follicle stimulating hormone is
NOT:
A. A gonadotropin
B. Produced by females
C. Produced by males
D. A tropic hormone
E. A steroid hormone
Which
gland?
A
Which
gland?
A
Which gland is
#1?
Which gland is
#7?
Which gland is
#4?