Sherida Gentry and Carolyn Downing
Educational Consultants
West Kentucky Special Education Cooperative
R.CCR.2:
Determine central ideas or
themes of a text and analyze
their development;
summarize the key
supporting details and
ideas.
Disclaimer
• The information in this PowerPoint was not meant to
be utilized as the only instructional options for the
Reading Standards. The examples are simply meant to
be a starting point to show options for how strategies
for teaching reading can be instructed.
• CAUTION: You should utilize the Instructional Planning
Tools located on the KDE website to organize your
collaborative discussions with content specialists in
order to develop the most appropriate instructional
options for your students.
Text can be chosen from Appendix B:
Text Exemplars and Sample Performance Tasks
•
•
•
•
•
•
Kindergarten and 1st – Henry’s Awful Mistake
2nd and 3rd- a fable written by a 2nd grader
4th and 5th – Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark (short story)
6th- 8th –Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry
9th and 10th- To Kill a Mocking Bird
11th and 12th – The Bluest Eye
Task Analysis/Differentiated Instruction
• Use repeated readings of a story
• May begin instruction on lower level reading
material
• Use short stories
• Use graphic organizers to make the abstract
concept more concrete
• Begin with a read aloud, then move to student
reading
• Scaffold the task
R.CCR.2: Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas.
Literature
Key Ideas & Details
R.L.K.2
With prompting and support, retell familiar stories, including key details.
R.L.1.2
Retell stories, including key details, and demonstrate understanding of their central message or lesson.
R.L.2.2
Recount stories, including fables and folktales from diverse cultures, and determine their central message, lesson, or moral.
R.L.3.2
Recount stories, including fables, folktales, and myths from diverse cultures; determine the central message, lesson, or moral and explain
how it is conveyed through key details in the text.
R.L.4.2
Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text; summarize the text.
R.L.5.2
Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text, including how characters in a story or drama respond to challenges or
how the speaker in a poem reflects upon a topic; summarize the text.
R.L.6.2
Determine a theme or central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details; provide a summary of the text distinct from
personal opinions or judgments.
R.L.7.2
Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary of the
text.
R.L.8.2
Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to the
characters, setting, and plot; provide an objective summary of the text.
R.L.9-10.2
Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is
shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text.
R.L.1112.2
Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they
interact and build on one another to produce a complex account; provide an objective summary of the text.
TERMS from Anchor Standard 2
• Theme-a broad idea, message, or moral of a story. The message
may be about life, society, or human nature. Themes often
explore timeless and universal ideas and are almost always
implied rather than stated explicitly.
• Central Message- same as theme
• Central Idea-same as theme
• Moral- the theme of a fable
• Lesson- same as moral
• Supporting details- major and minor, support the main idea by
telling how, what, when, where, why, how much, or how many
• Objective summary- using few words to give the most important
information about something which is based on facts rather than
feelings or opinions
Theme
……is a broad idea, message, or moral of a story. The message may be about
life, society, or human nature. Themes often explore timeless and universal
ideas and are almost always implied rather than stated explicitly.
What exactly is this elusive thing called theme?
• The theme of a fable is its moral.
• The theme of a parable is its teaching.
• The theme of a piece of fiction is its view about life and how
people behave.
In fiction, the theme is not intended to teach or preach. In fact, it is not
presented directly at all. You extract it from the characters, action,
and setting that make up the story. In other words, you must figure
out the theme yourself.
There can be, and usually is, more
than one theme, central idea or
central message in a story. There will
be at least one central theme, central
idea or central message in each
chapter of a story.
• Fable-A succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features
animals, mythical creatures, plants, inanimate objects or forces of
nature which are given human qualities, and that illustrates a moral
lesson (a "moral"), which may at the end be expressed explicitly in a
pithy maxim (a short saying that serves as a motto.)
• Folktale-A traditional narrative, usually anonymous, handed down
orally - e.g., fables, fairy tales, legends, etc.
• Myth - a legendary or traditional story, usually one concerning a
superhuman being and dealing with events that have no natural
explanation. A myth may also be an unproved belief that is
accepted uncritically, or an invented idea or story. It usually
attempts to explain a phenomenon or strange occurrence without
regard to fact or common sense and appeals to the emotions rather
than reason. A myth is less historical than a legend and usually
persists through oral transmission, as do legends and fables.
• Change definition of myth
Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) Kindergarten
Anchor Standard
2
Key Ideas and
details
2. Determine
central ideas or
themes of a text
and analyze their
development;
summarize they
key supporting
details and ideas.
Kindergarten
With
prompting
and support,
retell
familiar
stories,
including
key details.
.
Activity
Teacher read the story aloud the first time.
Do Auditory Closure as teacher reads the story the 2nd
time.
One page at a time, have students retell the story as
teacher shows them the pictures
Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 1st Grade
Anchor Standard
2
Key Ideas and
details
2. Determine
central ideas or
themes of a text
and analyze their
development;
summarize they
key supporting
details and ideas.
1st
Retell stories,
including key
details, and
demonstrate
understanding
of their central
message or
lesson.
Activity
Teacher read the story the first time.
Do Auditory Closure as teacher reads the story the 2nd
time.
One page at a time, have students retell the story as
you show them the pictures
Use a Graphic Organizer•Who is the Main Character and what did he/she learn
or experience?
•In the graphic Organizer, list details from the text that
tell you that the main character learned this lesson.
L.2. 1st “Retell stories, including key details, and
demonstrate understanding of their central
message or lesson.”
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 1st Grade)
Who is the main Character in the story?
What did he/she learn or experience?
(message may be about life, society, or human
nature))
What details from the story tell you that
he/she learned or experienced this?
L.2. 1st “Retell stories, including key details, and
demonstrate understanding of their central
message or lesson.”
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 1st Grade)
Who is the main Character in the story?
Henry
What did he/she learn or experience?
(message may be about life, society, or human
nature)
He learned that he shouldn’t
get so excited about a little ant.
What details from the story tell you that
he/she learned or experienced this?
•He ruined his date
•He destroyed his house
•He ignored the ant at the end
The Duck That Listened
By Ria Chinchankar
One day, a mother duck has ten little ducklings. When all the ducks
were five the mother duck said, “I will teach you all how to play the
flute.” Then all of the ducks began to laugh except for one, the
tenth duck. So he said, “Mama, Mama, can you teach me?” “OK,”
said Mama. The duck was horrible! “A little bit more practice and
you will sound great,” said Mama. And so he practiced a lot. He was
very good. He was twenty years old by then.
One day, he became famous playing the flute while all his other
siblings were poor.
MORAL: Listen to your parents and you will be successful.
http://www.pleasanton.k12.ca.us/wgesweb/lim/StudentWorkOctober.htm
Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 2nd Grade
Anchor Standard
2
Key Ideas and
details
2. Determine
central ideas or
themes of a text
and analyze their
development;
summarize they
key supporting
details and ideas.
2nd
Recount
stories,
including
fables and
folktales
from diverse
cultures, and
determine
their central
message,
lesson, or
moral.
Activity
Use fables and folktales
from diverse cultures-Repeat read the story.
-Have the students retell the story.
-Use a graphic organizer.
•Who is the Main Character and what did he learn? What
lesson did you learn?
L. 2. 2nd “Recount stories, including fables and folktales
from diverse cultures, and determine their central
message, lesson, or moral.”
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2-2nd Grade)
Who is the main Character in the
story?
What did he/she learn or
experience?
What lesson did you learn?
(Moral of the Story)
L. 2. 2nd “Recount stories, including fables and folktales
from diverse cultures, and determine their central
message, lesson, or moral.”
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2-2nd Grade)
Who is the main Character in the
story?
The 10th duck
What did he/she learn or
experience?
What lesson did you learn?
(Moral of the Story)
He learned to play the
flute well.
Keep practicing.
Never quit.
Listen to your mother.
Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 3rd Grade
Anchor Standard
2
Key Ideas and
details
2. Determine
central ideas or
themes of a text
and analyze their
development;
summarize they
key supporting
details and ideas.
3rd
Recount
stories,
including
fables,
folktales, and
myths from
diverse
cultures;
determine the
central
message,
lesson, or
moral and
explain
how it is
conveyed
through key
details in the
text.
Activity
Use fables and folktales
from diverse cultures-Repeat read the story.
-Have the students retell the story.
-Use a graphic organizer.
•Who is the Main Character and what did he learn? What
lesson did you learn?
•In the graphic Organizer, list details from the text that
tell you that the main character learned this lesson.
The theme of a
fable is its moral.
L. 2. 3rd “Recount stories, including fables, folktales, and
myths from diverse cultures; determine the central message,
lesson, or moral and explain how it is conveyed through key details in the text.”
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 3th Grade)
Who is the main
Character in the story?
What did he/she learn
or experience?
What details from the
book, poem or drama
tell you that he/she
learned or experienced
this?
What lesson did you
learn?
(Moral of the Story)
L. 2. 3rd “Recount stories, including fables, folktales, and
myths from diverse cultures; determine the central message,
lesson, or moral and explain how it is conveyed through key details in the text.”
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 3th Grade)
Who is the main
Character in the story?
The 10th duck
What did he/she learn
or experience?
What details from the
book, poem or drama
tell you that he/she
learned or experienced
this?
• He was horrible
at first.
He learned to play
the flute well. • His mother said
keep practicing
and you will be
good.
• He was 5 when
he started and
20 when he
was famous.
What lesson did you
learn?
(Moral of the Story)
Keep practicing.
Never quit.
Listen to your
mother.
Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 4th Grade
Anchor Standard 2
Key Ideas and details
2. Determine central
ideas or themes of a
text and analyze their
development;
summarize they key
supporting details
and ideas.
4th
Determine a
theme of a
story, drama,
or poem from
details in the
text;
summarize
the text.
Activity
-Repeat read a story, a poem, or drama.
-Have the students retell the story, the poem, or drama.
-Use a graphic organizer.
•Who is the Main Character and what did he/she learn or
experience? What did you learn about life and how people
behave?)
•In the graphic Organizer, list details from the text that tell
you what the main character learned or experienced.
“(the main character)________________
learned or experienced_________________________
(list details)
1)__________________________________________
2)__________________________________________
3)__________________________________________
4)__________________________________________
(What view about life and how people behave did you get
from reading this book, drama, or poem?)
__________________________________________.
L. 2. 4th Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text; summarize
the text.
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 4th Grade)
Who is the main
Character in the story?
What did he/she learn
or experience?
What did you learn?
What details from the
book, poem or drama (view about life and how
people behave)
tell you that he/she
learned or experienced
this?
L. 2. 4th Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text; summarize
the text.
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 4th Grade)
Who is the main
Character in the story?
The farmhand
What did he/she learn
or experience?
What did you learn?
What details from the
book, poem or drama (view about life and how
people behave)
tell you that he/she
learned or experienced
this?
•The farmhand was
He was turned into turned into a horse
a horse by a witch and the witch rode
him.
and then turned
•The farmhand
her into a horse.
turned back into a
man and turned the
witch into a horse.
•The farmhand had
the horse shod and
sold her to her
husband.
The farmhand beat
the witch at her own
game.
Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 5th Grade
Anchor Standard 2
Key Ideas and details
2. Determine central
ideas or themes of a
text and analyze their
development;
summarize they key
supporting details
and ideas.
5th
Determine a
theme of a
story, drama,
or poem from
details in the
text, including
how
characters in
a story or
drama
respond to
challenges or
how the
speaker in a
poem reflects
upon a topic;
summarize
the text.
Activity
-Repeat read a story, a poem, or drama.
-Have the students retell the story, the poem, or drama.
-Use a graphic organizer.
•Who is the Main Character and what did he/she learn or
experience? What did you learn about life and how people
behave?
•In the graphic Organizer, list details from the text that tell
you what the main character learned or experienced.
“(the main character)________________
learned or experienced_________________________
(list details)
1)__________________________________________
2)__________________________________________
3)__________________________________________
4)__________________________________________
(What view about life and how people behave did you get
from reading this book, drama, or poem?)
__________________________________________.
L. 2. 5th Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text, including how characters
in a story or drama respond to challenges or how the speaker in a poem reflects upon a topic;
summarize the text.
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 5th Grade)
Who is the main
Character in the story?
What did he/she learn
or experience?
What did you learn?
What details from the
book, poem or drama (view about life and how
people behave)
tell you that he/she
learned or experienced
this?
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 5th Grade)
Cont.
Character’s Challenge (teacher may list)
Character’s Response
L. 2. 5th Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text, including how characters
in a story or drama respond to challenges or how the speaker in a poem reflects upon a topic;
summarize the text.
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 5th Grade)
Who is the main
Character in the story?
The farmhand
What did he/she learn
or experience?
What did you learn?
What details from the
book, poem or drama (view about life and how
people behave)
tell you that he/she
learned or experienced
this?
•The farmhand was
He was turned into turned into a horse
a horse by a witch and the witch rode
him.
and then turned
•The farmhand
her into a horse.
turned back into a
man and turned the
witch into a horse.
•The farmhand had
the horse shod and
sold her to her
husband.
The farmhand beat
the witch at her own
game.
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 5th Grade)
Cont.
Character’s Challenge (teacher may list)
Character’s Response
The farmhand was turned into a horse.
He rubbed against the fence until the bridle
came off, causing him to turn back into a
man.
He wanted to teach the witch a lesson.
•He said magic words over the witch and she
turned into a horse.
•He had her shod.
•He sold her to her husband.
Chapter
1
Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 6th Grade
Anchor Standard 2
Key Ideas and details
2. Determine central
ideas or themes of a
text and analyze their
development;
summarize they key
supporting details
and ideas.
6th
Determine a
theme or
central idea of
a text and
how it is
conveyed
through
particular
details;
provide a
summary of
the text
distinct from
personal
opinions or
judgments.
Activity
-Repeat read a story, a poem, or drama.
-Have the students retell the story, the poem, or drama.
-Use a graphic organizer.
Who is the Main Character and what did he/she learn or
experience? What did the author convey about life and
how people behave?
•In the graphic Organizer, list details from the text that tell
you what the main character learned or experienced.
“(the main character)________________
learned or experienced_________________________
(list details)
1)__________________________________________
2)__________________________________________
3)__________________________________________
4)__________________________________________
(What view about life and how people behave did the
author convey?)
L. 2. 6th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details;
provide a summary of the text distinct from personal opinions or judgments.
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 6th Grade)
Who is the main
Character in the story?
What did he/she learn
or experience?
What details from the
book, poem or drama
tell you that he/she
learned or experienced
this?
What did the author
convey
about life and how
people behave?
L. 2. 6th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details;
provide a summary of the text distinct from personal opinions or judgments.
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 6th Grade)
Who is the main
Character in the story?
Cassie
What did he/she learn
or experience?
What details from the
book, poem or drama
tell you that he/she
learned or experienced
this?
•White children
made fun of the
black children
•The white children
laughed as the bus
showered dust on
the walking black
children.
•The school district
didn’t treat black
children as well as
white students.
•The books are very
old and dirty; they
are books no longer
needed at the white
school
What did the author
convey
about life and how
people behave?
There was extreme
racism in the south
during that time
marked by greed
and hatred.
Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 7th Grade
Anchor Standard 2
Key Ideas and details
2. Determine central
ideas or themes of a
text and analyze their
development;
summarize they key
supporting details
and ideas.
7th
Determine a
theme or
central idea of
a text and
analyze its
development
over the
course of the
text; provide
an objective
summary of
the text.
Activity
-Repeat read a story, a poem, or drama.
-Have the students retell the story, the poem, or drama.
-Use a graphic organizer.
•First complete the theme organizer.
•Next complete episode boxes for main idea related to the
theme, from different episodes along the plot of the story.
•The goal is to complete the organizer on the following
slide.
L. 2. 7th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze
its development over the course of the text; provide an
objective summary of the text.
Theme
Main Idea Main Idea Main Idea Main Idea
of an
of an
of an
of an
Episode
Episode
Episode
Episode
L. 2. 7th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the
text; provide an objective summary of the text.
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 7th Grade)
Who is the main Character in the
story?
What did he/she learn or
experience?
What did the author convey
about life and how people
behave?
L. 2. 7th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the
text; provide an objective summary of the text.
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 7th Grade)
Who is the main Character in the
story?
Cassie
What did he/she learn or
experience?
What did the author convey
about life and how people
behave?
•White children made fun
of the black children
There was extreme racism
•The school district didn’t in the south during that
treat black children as
time marked by greed and
well as white students.
hatred.
Chapter 1
Episode Box
Main Idea
Main Character/s from the
theme _______________
What is most important about
the main character/s? (related
to the theme)
_________________________
_________________________
_______+_______= main idea
Episode Box
Main Idea
Main Character/s from the
theme -Cassie
What is most important about
the main character/s? (related
to the theme)-She realized that
there was extreme racism in
the south marked by greed and
hatred.
Main idea- Cassie realized that
there was extreme racism in
the south during that time
marked by greed and hatred.
Do an episode box, determining
Main Idea, through different
episodes along the story plot.
Cassie
realized that
there was
extreme
racism in the
south
marked by
greed and
L. 2. 7th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze
its development over the course of the text; provide an
objective summary of the text.
Theme
Cassie realized
that there was
extreme racism
in the south
marked by greed
and hatred
Main Idea of an
Episode
Main Idea of an
Episode
Main Idea of an
Episode
Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 8th Grade
Anchor Standard 2
Key Ideas and details
2. Determine central
ideas or themes of a
text and analyze their
development;
summarize they key
supporting details
and ideas.
8th
Activity
Determine a
theme or
central idea of
a text and
analyze its
development
over the
course of the
text, including
its
relationship
to the
characters,
setting, and
plot; provide
an objective
summary of
the text.
-Repeat read a story, a poem, or drama.
-Have the students retell the story, the poem, or drama.
-Use a graphic organizer.
•First complete the theme organizer.
•Next complete episode boxes for main idea related to the
theme, and setting, from different episodes along the plot
of the story.
•The goal is to complete the organizer on the following slide
with the episode boxes along the plot line.
THEME
L. 2. 8th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the
text, including its relationship to the characters, setting, and plot; provide an objective summary of the
text.
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 8th Grade)
Who is the main Character in the
story?
What did he/she learn or
experience?
What did the author convey
about life and how people
behave?
Episode Box
Main Idea
Main Character/s from the
theme _______________
What is most important about
the main character/s? (related
to the theme)
_________________________
_________________________
_______+_______= main idea
Setting
_________________________
_______________________
Episode Box
Main Idea
Main Character/s from the
theme _______________
What is most important about
the main character/s? (related
to the theme)
_________________________
_________________________
_______+_______= main idea
Setting: 1930s in Spokane Co.
Mississippi, during the Great
Depression, in and on the way
to a black schoolhouse
_______________________
Do an episode box, determining
Main Idea, and setting through
different episodes along the story
plot.
THEME
Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 9th and 10th Grade
Anchor Standard 2
Key Ideas and details
2. Determine central
ideas or themes of a
text and analyze their
development;
summarize they key
supporting details
and ideas.
9th -10th
Activity
Determine a
theme or
central idea of
a text and
analyze in
detail its
development
over the
course of the
text, including
how it
emerges and
is
shaped and
refined by
specific
details;
provide an
objective
summary of
the text.
-Repeat read a story, a poem, or drama.
-Have the students retell the story, the poem, or drama.
-Use a graphic organizer.
•First complete the theme organizer.
•Next complete episode boxes for main idea related to the
theme, and setting, from different episodes along the plot
of the story.
•Next add details under each main idea episode box.
•The goal is to complete the organizer on the following slide
with the episode boxes along the plot line.
Details
Details
Details
Main Idea of
an Episode
Details
Main Idea of
an Episode
Details
Details
Details
Main Idea of
an Episode
Details
Theme
L. 2. 9th- 10th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the
course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an
objective summary of the text.
text.
Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 9th – 10th Grade)
Who is the main Character in the
story?
What did he/she learn or
experience?
What did the author convey
about life and how people
behave?
Episode Box
Main Idea
Main Character/s from the
theme _______________
What is most important about
the main character/s? (related
to the theme)
_________________________
_________________________
_______+_______= main idea
Do an episode box, determining
Main Idea, and setting through
different episodes along the story
plot.
THEME
HS-3
Details
Details
Details
Main Idea of
an Episode
Details
Main Idea of
an Episode
Details
Details
Details
Main Idea of
an Episode
Details
Theme
Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 11th and 12th Grade
Anchor Standard 2
Key Ideas and details
2. Determine central
ideas or themes of a
text and analyze their
development;
summarize they key
supporting details
and ideas.
11th and 12th
Activity
Determine
two or more
themes or
central ideas
of a text and
analyze their
development
over the
course of the
text, including
how they
interact and
build on one
another to
produce a
complex
account;
provide an
objective
summary of
the text.
-Repeat read a story, a poem, or drama.
-Have the students retell the story, the poem, or drama.
-Use 2 graphic organizers.
•First complete the theme organizer's
•Next complete episode boxes for each theme organizer,
focusing on main ideas related to the theme, and settings,
from different episodes along the plot of the story.
•Next add details under each main idea episode box.
•The goal is to complete an organizer, for each theme, on
the following slide with the episode boxes dealing with each
theme, along the plot line.
•Then add an observation of how these two themes are
interaction as the story progresses.
THEME 1
THEME 2
Episode Box
Main Idea
Main Character/s from the theme
__________________________
Main Idea
Interaction
Main Character/s from the theme
___________________________
What is most important about the
main character/s? (related to the
theme)
_____________________________
_____________________________
What is most important about the
main character/s? (related to the
theme)
___________________________
___________________________
_______+_______= main idea
_______+_______= main idea
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