Iti soft ennotre alized howcom
plext hepro ces sof rea ding is.
ThEcOwgAvecOla
.rat eht saw tac ehT
Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at
Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't
mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a
wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is
taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the
rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl
mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit
porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn
mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by
istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe.
Perception
 Selective Attention
focus of conscious
awareness on a
particular stimulus
 Implications for
driving and talking
on cell phone?
Selective Attention
Example
In performing an experiment like
this one on when attention you it
read is the critically fine important
print that you the realize material you
that have is a being really read
awesome by teacher the who subject
makes for learning the fun relevant
and task exciting is cohesive.
Selective Attention
Cocktail Party Effect
Ability to attend to one voice among many
Inattentional Blindness
Inattentional blindness – failing to see
visible objects when our attention is
directed elsewhere
http://viscog.beckman.uiuc.edu/grafs/de
mos/15.html
Change Blindness
Change blindness – failing to notice a visual
change when our attention is directed
elsewhere
Change deafness
40 percent of people focused on
repeating a list of words failed to notice a
change in the person speaking
Choice Blindness
Choice Blindness
2005 Study - Select the girl you find more
attractive
Given the girl they did not choose and asked
to explain why they chose.
13% noticed, the rest explained in detail.
Choice-Blindness Blindness
When asked, given a hypothetical study in
which we switched them on you, would you
notice? – 84% said yes.
Pop-Out Phenomenon
 A distinct stimulus
draws our eye
Example: Name
being said during
cocktail party
Perceptual Illusions
Other Perceptual Illusions
Perceptual Illusions
Perceptual Illusions
Perceptual Illusions
Perceptual Illusions
Perceptual Illusions
 Visual Capture
 tendency for vision to
dominate the other
senses
 Movie theater – we
perceive sounds as coming
from the screen in front of
us, not from the projector
behind us
Perceptual Organization:
Gestalt
Gestalt: an organized whole
Gestalt Psychology: emphasizes our
tendency to integrate pieces of information
into meaningful wholes
Perceptual Organization
 Figure and Ground--organization of the visual
field into objects (figures) that stand out
from their surroundings (ground)
Perceptual Organization:
Gestalt
 Grouping
 the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into
coherent groups
 Grouping Principles
proximity--group nearby figures together
similarity--group figures that are similar
continuity--perceive continuous patterns
closure--fill in gaps
connectedness--spots, lines, and areas are seen as
unit when connected
 Simplicity – perceive objects in simplest forms






closure
PerceptualOrganization:
Grouping Principles
 Gestalt
grouping
principles
are at
work here.
Reification
(Gestalt Property)
object is perceived as
having more spatial
information than is
actually present in
the original stimulus