Malcolm X
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjEO05mrLdQ&feature=related
• Black Nationalism
• Questions “non-violence”
– (the “philosophy of a fool”)
• Questions goal of integrating into American
life
– "While King was having a dream, the rest of us
Negroes are having a nightmare.“
• Blacks must fight for rights independent from
white society
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=adiy075EGOs
X- assassinated, Feb 65
“Black Power”- African Americans should “define
their own goals and lead their own movements”
• King- movement should be open to all races
• Carmichael- SNCC should stop recruiting
whites
Oakland, CA- Black Panthers
• Police brutality in Oakland….
• Blacks need to arm themselves; fight for their
rights
Affirmative Action- programs aimed at
hiring or enrolling in schools groups
that have suffered discrimination
• Is this a legitimate effort
to equalize economic
and educational
opportunities for a
disadvantaged minority
OR
• Racist “Reverse
discrimination”?
• Should
colleges
use a
quota
system in
accepting
males?
Compare the GOALS and STRATEGIES of
the different groups of Civil Rights Activists
Women’s Rights…
• Early 1800s- involved in abolition, temperance
• 1848- Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott
– Seneca Falls Convention
– Want right to vote
• Progressive Era- Alice Paul; 19th Amendment
• 1950s- Expected to go back to the home…
•
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpoVsRanrcc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpoVsRanrcc
Betty Friedan
• The Feminine Mystique- influential book:
– “Each suburban wife struggled with it alone. As she
made the beds, shopped for groceries, matched
slipcover material, ate peanut butter sandwiches with
her children, chauffered Cub Scouts and Brownies, lay
beside her husband at night — she was afraid to ask
even of herself the silent question — "Is this all?””
– What is the “feminine mystique”?
– Why do you think this book is considered one of the
most significant in the 20th century?
Feminism
• Women should have economic, political, and social equality
with men
• Basis of the modern women’s rights movement
Kennedy Commission findings:
1. Women paid far less for same work
Kennedy Commission findings:
2. “Glass ceiling”: What do you think a “glass
ceiling is”?
Kennedy Commission findings:
2. “Glass ceiling”: Women seldom promoted to
higher positions, regardless of their education,
experience, and ability
What is Sexism? (Word is created in 1965)
Dictionary.com:
• 1. attitudes or behavior based on traditional
stereotypes of sexual roles.
• Does sexism exist today?
• If so, what does it look like in 2014?
• Does this exist today?
Betty Friedan and National Organization
for Women (NOW)
• Equal rights in
– Jobs
– Pay
– Education
• Take discrimination cases to court
• Other causes
– Maternity leave and child care centers
– Push for women to become politically active
1972 Higher Education Act (TITLE IX)
• "No person in the United States shall, on the
basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be
denied the benefits of, or be subjected to
discrimination under any education program or
activity receiving Federal financial assistance...“
• Significance: HS and college athletics to be
offered equally to both sexes
• All male schools open their doors to
women
•
http://www.collegexpress.com/lists/list/years-that-mens-colleges-became-co-ed/366/
Rowe v. Wade
• Women guaranteed right to an abortion
during first three months of pregnancy
• Constitutional “right” to privacy
Equal Rights Amendment
• “Section 1. Equality of rights under the law
shall not be denied or abridged by the United
States or by any State on account of sex.”
• Originally written by Alice Paul, 1923
Equal Rights Amendment?
• 1972- Congress passes, but…
• Fails in states
35 of the required
38 states ratify…
– Interestingly, higher % of men in favor than
women (63% v 54%)
Phyllis Schafly:
fought against
Amendment:
1- women would
be drafted
2- break down of
traditional family
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DmblV8U
Rfrw
• Happy Memorial Day. Please remember those
who have given the ultimate sacrifice for this
country.
• Please start bringing your Regents review
book to class
Chief Justice Earl Warren
1953- 1969
• “Warren Court” known for siding in favor of
civil rights
1965 Immigration Act
• Ends quota system from 1920s
• Major change in immigration patterns since
• Huge increase in Latin American immigrants
beginning in the 1960s
Latinos…
• By end of 70s, >10,000,000 Latinos
– Mexicans: often, migrant workers in SW
– Puerto Ricans: cities; discrimination
– Cubans: after Castro, to Florida
****A 2008 Census Bureau projection estimated that ethnic and racial minorities will become the
majority in the United States by 2050 and that about 1 in 3 U.S. residents will be Hispanic by then.
Cesar Chavez
• Late 60s- forms Migrant Workers’ Union
Significance of Chavez
• Nonviolent protest (boycott grapes, hunger
strike)
• Achieves higher wages and benefits
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WbN6HDtAO0w
Receives bread from Ethel
Kennedy after 3 week fast
“Brown Power”
• Pride in Hispanic culture
• Significance:
– Pride in Hispanic Heritage
– Push for bilingual education- 1968 Bilingual
Education Act)
– “Brown Berets”- 1968- Student walkouts in LA
Hispanic activism today
• 2010 Immigration Reform Rally
Which action designed to oppose a
political or business policy is closest to the
approach used by Martin Luther King, Jr.?
1. a war protester accepting a jail term rather
than registering for the draft
2. a union picketer assaulting a strikebreaker
3. a government employee resisting arrest for
failure to pay income taxes
4. dissatisfied workers destroying machinery in
their factory
Which generalization can most accurately be drawn
from a study of Supreme Court cases Plessy v.
Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education?
1. The Supreme Court has issued consistent
decisions in cases involving rights of the
accused.
2. Supreme Court decisions are accepted
without public controversy.
3. The Justices believe that social issues are
best left for state courts to decide.
4. The Supreme Court has helped to determine
public policy.
The main goal of affirmative action
programs is to
1. enforce racial segregation laws
2. secure equal voting rights for African
Americans
3. provide affordable child care
4. promote economic gains for minorities and
women