Engeneering Psychology 2008
Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering,
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, CTU in Prague,
Technicka 4, 166 07 Prague 6
Information Design
Which is the design of informations?
HMI – Human-Machine Interaction, MMI – Man Human-Machine Interaction, GUI Graphical user interface, Graphic design, Visual Style, Information Design, Vizualization
of Information’s Flow, Firm Stzle, Visual Communication, Language of Visual
Information,
Jakub Jura
jakub.jura@fs.cvut.cz
Information Design
• Information design has been defined as the
art and science of preparing information so
that it can be used by human beings with
efficiency and effectiveness
(Jacobson Eds. 2000 p. 15).
data  information  knowledge  wisdom
(Jacobson Eds. 2000 p. 271)
Ladislav Sutnar
(1897 – 1976)
Communication’s Schema
Communicator
vysílač
sender
Coding of
information
communiqué
sdělení
message
Communicant
přijímač
receiver
Communication Channel
Decoding of
information
S
R
Interpretation
Sign resource of
communicator
Sensation modalities:
Sign resource of
communicant
•Vision
•Hearing
•Touch
•Olfaction
•Gustation
Analog and Digital Communication
• Analog Communication
– Everything is expressed continuously by simile of
quantity.
– There is not negation in Analog language.
– Touch the intuition, imagination, metaphor, narration.
• Digital Communication
– Everything is expressed uncontinuously in the words.
– Touch the reason, logic and dispassionate
argumentation.
Axioms of Communication
1. One Cannot Not Communicate.
2. Every communication has a content and
relationship aspect which is
metacommunication for the former.
3. The nature of a relationship is dependent on
the punctuation of the partners communication
procedures .
4. Human communication involves both digital
and analog modalities .
5. Inter-human communication procedures are
either symmetric or complementary
Paul Watzlawick, Pragmatics of Human Communication, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Watzlawick
Reasoning
MS
SS
Model of Operator
Controled System
output
action
Meanings of Colors
•
•
•
•
•
SAFETY
ADVANCED or ORDER
RISK OF DANGER or WARNING
DANGER or PROHIBITION
NEUTRAL INFORMATION or CANCEL
Feeling from the color X Meanings of the colors
http://www.muzeum-umeni-benesov.cz/iid/mez-grafkomunikace/cz/vymezeni_barev_a_tabulek_ke_specifikaci_obsahu_sdeleni.html
http://www.muzeum-umenibenesov.cz/iid/mez-grafkomunikace/cz/system_orientacni
ho_znaceni.html
User Interface
HMI - Human Machine Interface, Man Machine Interface, HCI – Human Computer Interface
•
•
•
•
TUI - Text User Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
GUI - Graphical user interface
3DUI - Three-dimensional user interface
http://goanna.cs.rmit.
edu.au/~gl/research/
HCC/interact97.html
GUI - Graphical user interface
• Where is used?
• What is an Interaction Design?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface
WIMP standard
• W: Window(s)
• I: Icon(s)
• M: Menu(s); Mouse/Mice (rarely) (note that mice
are a subset of pointing devices)
• P: Pointing device(s); Pointing; Pointer(s) (note that
the term "pointer" is often used as a synonym for mouse cursor); Pull-down
menu(s) (note that pull-down menus can be thought of as a subset of
menus)
WIMP interaction was developed at Xerox PARC
in 1973) and popularized by the Macintosh
computer in 1984.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP_(computing)
GOMS standard
• An approach to human computer interaction observation developed
in 1983 by Stuart Card, Thomas P. Moran and Allen Newell
• Goals - what the user intends to accomplish.
• Operators - actions that are performed to get to the
goal.
• Methods - sequences of operators that accomplish
a goal.
• Selection rules - user would select a certain
method over the others.
Handlers & Pilot Lamps
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user
_interface
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design
• http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOMS