Grammar Guide

SUBJECT
 The subject of a sentence is the noun, pronoun or noun phrase that precedes and governs the main verb.
The subject is the part of the sentence that performs an action or which is associated with the action.
My dog is the subject, controlling the verb, it performs the action of attacking .
OBJECT
 The object of a sentence can be a noun, a pronoun, a noun phrase. It is the person or thing affected by the action described in the verb, the recipient of the action of the verb.
The burglar attacked is the object, by my dog .

Object Questions:
 ask about the object of a sentence. The word order of the question must be changed and the question requires the use of the auxiliary verb
Wh-? + AUXILLIARY + SUBJECT + VERB
Jerry likes oranges.
What does Jerry like?
what / when who / where why / how which whose whom am / is / are do / does / did was / were am / is / are was / were have / has / had
+
+
+
+
+
+
S
S
S
S
S
S
+ base form
+ Present Participle (v-ing)
+ Present Participle (v-ing)
+ Past Participle (v+ed/3f)

Subject Questions:
 When what, which, who or whose refers to the subject, the question word comes before the verb without any other changes in the word order
Wh-? + VERB + OBJECT
Jerry likes oranges.
Who likes oranges?

Q: Who sang ‘Philadelphia’ in the film of the same name?
A: Bruce Springsteen did.
Q: Which song did REM sing?
A: They sang ‘Losing my Religion’.

(s)
(o1)
(o2)
(o3).
(s)
Who plays tennis with
Mary on Saturday?
(o1)
What does Paul play with
Mary on Saturday?
(o2)
Who does Paul play tennis with on Saturday?
(o3)
When does Paul play tennis with Mary?

(s1)
(s2)
(o1)
(o2).
(s1)
How many people came to the cinema yesterday?
(o1)
Where did ten people come yesterday?
(s2)
Who came to the cinema yesterday?
(o2)
When did ten people come to the cinema?

Subject Questions:
 who and what most often take singular verbs, even if the question expects a plural answer
‘Who is working tomorrow?’ ‘Pete and Lucy are.’
‘What lives in those little holes?’ ‘Rabits do.’
‘Who was at the party?’ ‘Most people from our class were.’

Object questions:
 who and what can have either singular or plural verb, depending on the subject
‘Who does John work with?’ ‘He works with Jim.’
‘Who are your closest friends?’ ‘My closest friends are Naomi and Bridget.
’

 Jeremy and Steve
(s) broke the window
(o)
.
(o):
(s):
 Mary
(s) bought a coat
(o)
.
(s):
(o):
 Glen and Dora
(s) live in that house
(o)
.
(s):
(o):

 Jeremy and Steve broke the window.
(o): What did Jeremy and Steve break?
(s): Who broke the window?
 Mary bought a coat.
(s): Who bought a coat?
(o): What did Mary buy?
 Glen and Dora live in that house.
(s): Who lives in that house?
(o): Where do Glen and Dora live?

 The bus hit that tree.
(o):
(s):
 Fred is studying Arabic.
(o):
(s):
 Mike hates computers.
(s):
(o):

 The bus hit that tree.
(o): What did the bus hit?
(s): What hit that tree?
 Fred is studying Arabic.
(o): What is Fred studying?
(s): Who is studying Arabic?
 Mike hates computers.
(s): Who hates computers?
(o): What does Mike hate?

Listening
 jazz
 classical
 pop
 opera
 dance
 blues
 rock
 reggae
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
pop opera jazz dance classical

1. ……. did Freddie Mercury die?
A/ 1981 B/ 1991 C/ 2001
2. ……. did the Eagles stay in their 1976 song?
A/ Heartbreak Hotel.
B/ Hotel California.
C/ Hilton Hotel.

3. ……. did the Beatles stay together?
A/ For eight years.
B/ For thirteen years.
C/ For seventeen years.
4. ……. husband is the film director Guy Ritchie?
A/ Dido’s.
Madonna’s.
B/ Barbara Streisand’s.C/

5. ……. happened to Mick Jagger in 2004?
A/ He left the Rolling Stones.
B/ He became Sir Mick Jagger.
C/ He divorced Jerry Hall.
6. ……. song did Robbie Williams sing with Nicole
Kidman in 2002?
A/ Angels.
B/ Something Stupid.
C/ Let me entertain you

7.
……. sang ‘I can’t get you out of my head’?
A/ Britney Spears.
C/ Beyonce.
B/ Kylie Minogue.
8. ……. did Nirvana stop playing in 1994?
A/ Because they argued.
B/ Because Kurt Cobain left.
C/ Because Kurt Cobain died.

9. ……. band included Phil Collins and Peter
Gabriel?
A/ Dire Straits.
C/ Pink Floyd.
B/ Genesis.
10. ……. Spice Girls were there?
A/ Four.
B/ Five.
C/ Six.

11. ……. did Elvis Presley die?
A/ In a plane crash.
B/ He shot himself.
C/ An accidental drugs overdose.
12. ……. did Chris Martin, lead singer of Coldplay, marry in 2003?
A/ Gwyneth Paltrow.
C/ Drew Barrymore.
B/ Kate Winslet.

1. ……. did Freddie Mercury die?
A/ 1981 B/ 1991
When / B
C/ 2001
2. ……. did the Eagles stay in their 1976 song?
A/ Heartbreak Hotel.
B/ Hotel California.
C/ Hilton Hotel.
Where / B

3. ……. did the Beatles stay together?
A/ For eight years.
B/ For thirteen years.
C/ For seventeen years.
How long / A
4. ……. husband is the film director Guy Ritchie?
A/ Dido’s
C/ Madonna’s
B/ Barbara Streisand’s
Whose / C

5. ……. happened to Mick Jagger in 2004?
A/ He left the Rolling Stones.
B/ He became Sir Mick Jagger.
C/ He divorced Jerry Hall.
What / B
6. ……. song did Robbie Williams sing with Nicole Kidman in 2002?
A/ Angels.
B/ Something Stupid.
C/ Let me entertain you.
Which / B

7.
……. sang ‘I can’t get you out of my head’?
A/ Britney Spears.
C/ Beyonce.
B/ Kylie Minogue.
Who / B
8. ……. did Nirvana stop playing in 1994?
A/ Because they argued.
B/ Because Kurt Cobain left.
C/ Because Kurt Cobain died.
Why / C

9. ……. band included Phil Collins and Peter
Gabriel?
A/ Dire Straits.
C/ Pink Floyd.
B/ Genesis.
Which / B
10. ……. Spice Girls were there?
A/ Four.
B/ Five.
C/ Six.
How many / B

11. ……. did Elvis Presley die?
A/ In a plane crash.
B/ He shot himself.
C/ An accidental drugs overdose.
How / C
12. ……. did Chris Martin, lead singer of Coldplay, marry in
2003?
A/ Gwyneth Paltrow.
C/ Drew Barrymore.
B/ Kate Winslet.
Who / A

1. When / B
2. Where / B
3. How long / A
4. Whose / C
5. What / B
6. Which / B
7. Who /B
8. Why / C
9. Which / B
10. How many / B
11. How / C
12. Who / A








Who loves Fred?
Alice and Mary.
Who does Fred love?
Alice.
Who loves Ann?
Pete.
Who does Ann love?
Joe
Who loves Alice?
Fred.
Who does Joe love?
Mary.
Who does Pete love?
Ann.

 Exercise 1
 Exercise 2

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What happened to that band?
When did they stop playing?
Who wrote their songs?
How many records did they sell?
Why did they break up?
What’s the song about?