Tunicates
Botrylloides violaceous
Large zooids, openings obvious
• Orange, red, pink, or yellow sheet
• Solid color, very little tunic between zooids
Botryllus schlosseri
Star shapes arrangement of zooids
• Often black & white, but can be orange
Botrylloides v. Botryllus
• Orange morph of Botryllus rare, but, star-shape is the giveaway!
• Botrylloides can have looser zooid structure
Ciona intestinalis
Yellow band or clear at tips of siphons
Red dot at end of intestine
• Clear solitary
• No color on siphons
Ciona savingyi
Spots of color at tips of siphons
No red dot at end of intestine
Which is which?
Ascidiella aspersa
• Firm transparent test, snags detritus
• Tentacles in siphons
• Elongate oval
Molgula manhattansis
• Sea grape – small, round, like a peeled grape
• Ascidiella is elongate and opaque in comparison
Molgula citrina
• More color than M. manhattensis
• Potentially more fouled tunic
Dendrodoa carnea
Small stubby round siphons
• Small (<2cm), pink
• Squashed looking
Halocynthia pyriformis
Siphons almost square
• Sea peach
• Larger (up to 10cm)
Aplidium pallidum
• Sea pork - because it looks
like a hunk of lard
• White & clear
• Occurs in chunks
Didemnum vexillum
• Think drippy sheet
• Pendulous lobes
common
• Peeling away from
rock
• Yellow-ish white
Didemnum vexillum
Solid sheet, speckled with zooids & oscula
• Typically very thick
Didemnum albidum
• Solid white sheet
• VERY tight zooids
• Some oscula
• Thin & smooth
Diplosoma listerianum
Can have conspicuous oscula
• Thin diaphanous
sheet
• Can be greyish and/or
yellowish
• Like an odd plastic
sheet
Styela Clava
• Tunicate on a stalk!
• Large rough pleated
body
• Curved siphon
• Can be found in the
frozen section of Hmart
Styela Clava
Boltenia ovifera
• Stalked tunicate
• Round zooid, like a
lollipop
• Smooth
• Typically deep-water
Boltenia echinata
• Stalked tunicate
• Cactus-like with many
spiky projections
• Short stalk
• Rare
The Stalked Ones
Bryozoans
Bugula turrita
Like a colony of Christmas trees
Bugula fulva
• Similar to B. neritina, but white/yellowish
• Distinctive forking branches
Bugula neritina
Purple
Tricellaria inopinata
• Short dense tufts
• Heavily calcified – crunchy to the touch
Crisia eburnea
• Very fine
•Spindly, feathery
• Bugula is much
more solid
• Not always very
regular
Dendrobeania murrayana
• Small fans
• Thick lattice
• Like a lace tree
Electra pilosa
Encrusting stars
Membranipora membranacea
• White crust
• Amorphous
• Fouling on algae
• Blocky zooids give
delicate appearance
Lichenopora verrucaria
Lichenopora
• White
• Often circular
growth
• Thicker in
center, like luchen
• On hard
substrate
Schizoporella unicornis
• Bumpy thick crust
• Mix of orange and
white
• Amorphous, on
rocky substrate
Zooids like open
pores
Schizomavella auriculata
• Bumpy thick crust
• JUST
orange/orange
cream soda
• Amorphous, on
rocky substrate
Sponges
Cliona sp.
• Bright yellow
• Often boring into
something rocky
Large oscula
Hymedesmia sp. 1
Blue
Hymedesmia sp. 1
Orange Sheet
Halisarca dujardini
SLIMY!!!
Leucosolenia sp.
Many Tubes
Scypha sp.
• Small tubes
• Vase-like
Isodictya palmata
Can have conspicuous oscula
• Palmate
• Orange palms, not so branching
Haliclona oculata
Cream-Orange
Branching fingers
Microciona prolifera
• MANY red fingers
Halichondria panicea
• MANY forms
• Often oscula
obvious
• Texture of bread
crumbs when broken
apart
Hydroids
Abietinaria abietina
Coarsely branching
Sertularia sp.
Finer feathery branching
Ectopleura crocea
Pink rosette
tips, like flowers
Obelia spp.
• Fine and frilly
• Lace-like covering
• Often epiphytic
Anemones
Cerianthus borealis
• In sandy areas
• Sand-tube around body
• Long distinct arms
Diadumene lineata
Body has lines
Often quite small
Metridium senile
• Body can be yellow
or white
• Frilly plumulose
arms
• Often very large
Urticina felina
Multicolored banded arms
Many colors possible
Fagesia lineata
Molluscs
Modilus modiolus v. Mytilus edulis
Modiolus
Mytlius
Flat & Brown-red
Pointed & Blue-Grey
Crepidula fornicata
• Rounded
• Forms stacks
• Often fouled
Anomia sp.
• Irregular shell
• Encrusting & pressed on rock