• MUSICAL STYLE
• the way in which a composer or performer treats the
following elements
• Melody
• Harmony
• Rhythm
• Tone Color
• Dynamics
• Texture
• Form
• MUSICAL STYLE
• often times outside factors play into the style of a piece or
artist
• TIME PERIOD / LOCATION / WHAT IT WAS MEANT FOR
• king, under class, ect..
• concert hall or dinning room,
• dance, religious rite, drama, ect…
• MUSICAL STYLE
• Music is not created in vacuum
• much borrowing and contrast occurs.
• to better understand music & style we turn to
• Music History
• Overview of Time periods
• Time periods are tied to World History events
• Ancient Greece, Rome, Egypt, Israel had
music but nothing survives,
• JAZZ/R&B/ROCK HISTORY is mostly 20th /21st
Century
• ....a very small part of world music history
•QUIZ 1 REVIEW
MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS
• MIDDLE AGES
• RENAISSANCE
• BAROQUE
• CLASSICAL
• ROMANTIC
• 20th CENTURY to 1945
• 1945 to PRESENT
MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS
• MIDDLE AGES (450 – 1450)
• RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600)
• BAROQUE (1600 – 1750)
• CLASSICAL ( 1750 – 1820)
• ROMANTIC (1820 – 1900)
• 20th CENTURY to 1945
• 1945 to PRESENT
MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS
• MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450
printing press invented)
• RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera)
• BAROQUE (1600 – 1750 death of BACH)
• CLASSICAL ( 1750 – 1820 death of Beethoven)
• ROMANTIC (1820 – 1900 start of 20th cen.
Industrial rev)
• 20th CENTURY to 1945 (end of WWII)
• 1945 to PRESENT
• THE MIDDLE AGES
• 2 types of music
• Church & Secular
• little of manuscript survives & has no
tempos dynamics or instrument names
• singers & instruments in paintings and
literary descriptions but not certain
exactly how
• Gregorian Chant
• for 1000 years official Roman Catholic Church
music
• Monophonic in LATIN sung to enhance parts
of religious services
• NAMED after POPE Gregory I (the great) who
reorganized liturgy 590-604
RENAISSANCE (1450-1600) (age of Humanisim)
-printing press
-“Universal Man” every educated person was
expected to be musicians along with other
education
-Age of Shakespeare and rebirth of the arts
-Church continues to be major patron of music
but secular attention to courts begins to rise
-Musicians enjoy higher status and pay; no
longer content to be unknown
BAROQUE (1600-1750)
(The Birth of Opera)
-Two Giants of the era Handel & Bach
-Most other composers forgotten until
rediscovered in the 20th century
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THE CLASSICAL PERIOD (1750-1820)
CP BACH & JC BACH
Pioneers of pre-classical period (1730-1770)
shift to simplicity, clarity, and balance in
musically style
• most equate Classical Music title to anything
non-pop / rock / jazz because of three greats
are the most known & regarded
• Three greats of this period are
• MOZART, HAYDN, and BEETHOVEN
• THE ROMANTIC PERIOD (1820-1900)
• Similarities to Classical but…
• Uses greater range of….
• Tone color
• Dynamics
• Pitch
• The harmonies are broader
• The use of unstable chords
• The Early 20th Century (Age of Musical Diversity)
• OLD FORMS EXPAND
• Avant Garde / Atonal (12 Tone Music)
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NEW FORMS ARISE
Blues
Jazz
Rhythm & Blues
Rock & Roll
JAZZ HISTORY TIMELINE
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The Blues & Ragtime (early 1900’s)
New Orleans Jazz / Chicago Jazz (1910’s-1920’s)
Swing / Big Band (1930’s-1940’s)
Be-Bop (1940’s-1950’s)
Cool Jazz (1940’s-1950’s)
Hard Bop (1950’s-1960’s)
Funky Gospel (1950’s-1970’s)
Avant Garde (1950’s-1970’s)
Fusion (1970’s)
** WATCH JAZZ HISTORY DVD 1 (0:00-31:30)
The Blues
• Early blues
– Pre-Civil War
– Result of slaves singing very sad songs
– No chords
– No set form
– Sung in unison
– Songs were performed privately of for
groups of slaves only
The Blues
• Early blues
– After Civil war
– Music could be performed more openly
– Lyric became AAB (2 part form)
– Standardized chords
– 4 measure groups - 3 lines (12 BARS)
– 2 measures lyric, 2 measure fill
– Still topics were -usually unhappy
situations
Ragtime
• Originated in Sedalia, MO
• St. Louis became the Ragtime center
around 1901
• General Public first exposed to Ragtime at a
series of World’s Fairs held in Omaha,
Chicago, Buffalo, and the 1904 World’s Fair
in St. Louis
New Orleans
Possibly the Birth place of Jazz but…
• We must keep in mind that slaves were first
brought to the America’s in 1619 to Virginia were
African & European musical traditions most likely
first mixed
• Also the first recorded instrumental Jazz was
produced in New York around 1917.
• Pinning down Jazz music’s exact time & place of
birth is somewhat of an Historical mystery
• New Orleans is certainly a good place to look at
New Orleans
DIXELAND JAZZ FLOURISHES BECAUSE…
• Early New Orleans melting pot of cultures
• City has rare racial mixing
• Congo Square
• Creoles
• 1st Opera company and Symphonies in USA
• Marching bands, Parades, & Mardi Gras
• Storyville
Chicago Style JAZZ (the roaring 1920s)
• Chicago was prosperous
• Many job opportunities
• Close to Detroit, model T’s and model A
Fords
• Prohibition (1920-1933)
• Gangsters ruled Chicago
• Like the Storyville, Chicago provided
musicians with many night clubs to play
• Recording studios mostly in Chicago and
New York
SWING
THE SWING ERA…
• Most noteworthy Jazz of all era’s has an
element of rhythm or feel that is referred to
as swing
• The Swing Era general refers to….
• The period after Boogie-Woogie in the
development of Jazz in the 1930’s & early
1940’s.
• The music of large dance bands that played
written arrangements with the occasional
improvised solo
ROCK & ROLL HISTORY TIMELINE
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Boogie Woogie / R&B (late 1940’s/early 1950’s)
Elvis / Teen Market (mid 1950’s)
Surf Music / Folk Rock (late 1950’s)
Motown / Atlantic Records (1950’s / early 1960’s)
The British Invasion (mid 1960’s)
Soul music / Acid Rock & Woodstock (late 1960’s)
Heavy Metal / Punk Rock (1970’s)
Disco / Smooth Pop-Rock (1970’s)
MTV & Hip Hop (1980’s)
Generation X & Boy Bands (1990’s)
The New Millennium (2000’s)
• HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT
• Tracing your favorite bands “Musical History”
by tracing their influences
• Trace backwards from present day to as far as
you can go most likely into Jazz or Blues
influence