Islands
What
is the geographic
feature shared by
England and Japan?
The struggle
Karl Marx
between
thebelieved
history wasand
really the
proletariat
story of…
the bourgeoisie
Imperialism
When a stronger nation
takes over a weaker
nation we call it
consumers
In a free market
economy who is in
charge of deciding
production: Consumers
or government?
Bell Ringer
M- Militarism
A-What
Alliance are the
I- Imperialism
causes
of WWI?
N-Nationalism
Disobeying unjust laws
What is Civil
Disobedience?
Textile Spinning Jenny
Transport
systems
Name
3 Technologies
(railroads, Steam Ships,
that
came out of the
Turnpikes)
Industrial
Revolution
Factory machines
Communication systems
Mustafa Kemal
Who modernized
Ata-Turk:
of was
the
Turkey?Father
What
Turks
his nick-name
Nationalism around the World
1914-1939 After WWI many countries
began campaigning for independence
Ottoman Mandates
Many of the Arabs of the Middle east worked with the Allies
against the Central Powers during WWI. They were promised
independence after the war.
After WWI the allies partitioned the old Ottoman Empire into
mandates, or territories. The mandates included:
Palestine
Jordan
Mesopotamia
Syria
Turkey
Turkey was occupied by French, British,
and Italian and other Western powers.
MandateTerritories given to
European nations
after WWI
Turkey and Atatϋrk
1923-1938: Mustafa Kemal led Turkish
nationals to defeat western occupation
Took the name Atatϋrk, or father of the Turks.
Primary Goal:
Rid Turkey of foreign influence and
occupation. Then protect it from imperial
forces.
Battle for independence
Atatϋrk and his forces spent two years battling the forces of France, Britain,
Armenia, Italy and Greece. In September 1922 the last of the occupying forces
was finally expelled.
Turkey is at the crossroads of
Europe and Asia, making a
valuable location for trade, and
sought after by imperial powers.
What do you think Mustafa
should do with his newly
independent nation?
Hint: Think about Japan, Thailand and Ethiopia
Industrialize and
Modernize
Modernizing Turkey
Ataturk did a lot to industrialize and modernize Turkey from a traditional
Islamic nation to a Modern Western nation.
Before
After
Islamic law
Law code based on European models
Muslim Calendar
Western Calendar (Gregorian/ Christian)
Robes, women veiled
Western clothing- veils outlawed
Arabic Script (‫)األبجدية‬
Western Latin based (Alphabet)
Polygamy
Monogamous marriage only
Religious led government (Muslim)
Secular government separate from religion
Mixed feelings
Many Turks look at Mustafa Atatϋrk as a hero who freed Turkey from
foreign influence and established a strong Turkish nation.
Others condemn Atatϋrk for because he replaced the Quran led
government with secular authority.
SecularEarthly or worldlyNOT religious
Iran
Iran was independent, but was occupied by
two spheres of Influence:
-British South
-Soviet North
In 1925 Reza Khan, a military soldier,
overthrew the Shah (ruler) and seized
power
Like the Turks, Khan begins a push to
modernize Iran to become independent.
Modern Iran
Under Reza Khan, Iran built factories and improved
infrastructure (roads, bridges, communication
systems)
Iranians adopted Western clothing, written language
and culture.
Khan also introduced European based law codes.
Not all supported Khan, who may disagree
with his actions?
Strict Islamic followers
Oil Agreements
As Iran modernized they forced the British oil
companies to give more profit to Iranians, and
hire qualified Iranians in all oil production jobs.
Over the rest of the 1900s Iran’s oil fields will
become a source of contention between the
Iranians and the Western powers.
Broken Promises
During WWI the allies made 2 promises to
gain support during WWI:
1) The Arabs would have their own
kingdoms in the former Ottoman
Empire (including Palestine)
2) Britain issued the Balfour Declaration
to win support of European Jews. The
document promised support for a
“national home for the Jewish people”
in Palestine.
What is the problem with these promises?
They promise Palestine to two separate groups, the Arab Muslims and
the Jewish people
Balfour Declaration
In order to gain the support of Europe’s Jews during WWI, the British had
promised to give the Jewish people a national home to satisfy Zionism.
After WWII and the Holocaust the British make good on their promise to the Jews,
but not to the Palestinians.
Conflict reigns
As growing anti-Semitism spreads across Europe, many Jews are
forced to seek safety in Palestine. At first they are welcomed
because they bring money and technology with them.
The Jewish immigrants built factories and irrigated the desert to
grow crops. Soon industrial cities developed with large Jewish
population.
Over time, however, the Jews began to purchase land then evict
the Arab tenants. Many Jewish factory owners refused to hire
Arab workers.
Conflict brewed between the Muslims Arabs and the Jewish
immigrants
According to this political cartoon, who does the US
side with?
Conflict remains today
The most recent occurred in November 2012 between the Gaza Strip and Israel
India
India is where Hinduism and
Buddhism developed. Hinduism
was the dominate religion and
society was ruled by the Caste
System
The British took India over during
the Imperialism age, and forced
Indians to grow cash crops and
turn against their traditional
values.
Resentment
During WWI many British subjects, including the Indians,
were sent to the front lines to fight for Britain and the Allies.
Millions died, but the subjects believed their work in the
war would be rewarded with freedom and equality.
Instead, the British continued to exploit their colonists. By
1918 protests were common in India. In response, the
British ban public gatherings of natives.
Amritsar Massacre
April 13, 1919- thousands of Indians gather in a walled
field in Amritsar for a peaceful protest. They were
protesting British control and unfair treatment.
General Reginald Dryer ordered his troops to fire into
the crowd. The crowd was trapped by the walls and for
10 minutes the firing continued.
379 perished, and over 1100 were wounded: men,
women and children
“My intention was to inflict a lesson, that would
have an impact throughout India”
General Dyer
Considering it was war time, and
the British needed Indian support,
was it ok or not ok for the General
to act as he did?
Mohandas Gandhi
Gandhi was a leader among the Indians for
independence.
-at 19 he studied law in England
-worked in South Africa to help Indian emigrants
-in Africa Gandhi developed the idea of nonviolent
(passive) resistance or “soulforce”
-when he returned to India, Gandhi led by example
Gandhi rejected western ideals, including their clothing
Civil Disobedience
Gandhi believed in civil disobedience; the refusal to
obey unjust laws.
He launched non-violent actions like boycotting British
goods, especially textiles.
Women took up sewing and created clothes for their
families
One of Gandhi’s biggest successes was the Salt March
The Salt March- 1930
Britain claimed exclusive rights to produce
salt. However, salt was free from the sea and
it was illegal to use it.
Gandhi told the British he would break the
law and get salt from the sea.
He started his march with 78 followers. By
end of the 240 mile trek he had thousands.
Arrested
Gandhi and hundreds more were arrested as they continued to
get salt from the sea. Hundreds more were beaten as they
attempted to get salt… none of the beaten raised a hand in
defense.
What do you think the British had
to lose from the Salt march?
Why is the Salt march so
important as a symbol of
Indian nationalism?
India and Pakistan
Partitioning- Split up or separate
Outcome of Gandhi
India became an
India for Hindus
Pakistan is created
for Muslims
The splitting of India is know
as Partitioning- or separatingof India.
China
“In comparison with other nations, we have the
greatest population and the oldest culture, of
4,000 years’ duration. We are the poorest and
weakest state in the world. While other countries
were the carving knife and the serving dish we
are the fish and the meat.”
-Sun Yixian
What countries might be the knife?
China
Sun Yixian had led a revolt ending the Qing
Dynasty. He envisioned a democratic China, and
asked for help from foreign powers. Only the
Soviet Union would help.
Sun led the Goumindang (nationalist) party
Why would the western powers not help?
Jiang Jeishi
Jiang took over when Sun passed away
in 1925. He was supported by the rich
business leaders.
Began a campaign to unite China under
his control.
Viewed communism as a threat- he
ordered thousands of communists
killed
Mao Zedong
A communist who escaped Jiang’s brutal
attacks.
He sought to spread communism through the
proletariat AND large peasant masses.
How does Mao’s plan to spread communism
differ from Karl Marx’s beliefs?
The Long March 1934-1935
Jiang was determined to oust the communists
(red bandits)
He began a campaign to exterminate them. Using
troops he repeatedly attacked the communists
To survive, the communists led by Mao retreated
throughout China, over 6,000 miles!
Of the 100,000 communists who start
the march, only 20,000 survive.
Nearly 6,000 miles long
Gaining popularity
Though Mao and his men are fleeing for their lives, the
Long March becomes an excellent opportunity to gain
more support.
Mao instructs his men to “not take a single needle or a
piece of thread from the people”
The communists had to pay for goods, avoid damaging
crops, and be polite to local peasants.
In contrast, Jiang’s troops created damage and often
plundered.
If you were a peasant, who would you
support? Why?
Mao or Jiang?
Japan
Invades
While Jiang is pursuing the
Communists, Japan takes
advantage and invades
Northeast China (through
Manchuria).
China is pulled by three forces:
-Communists
-Jiang and the Goumindang
-Japan
Jiang has to work with the
Communists to get rid of
Japan
How did Iran and Turkey get rid of
foreign occupation?
They modernized and educated their populations, then forced better
trade terms and independence.
What does Gandhi mean by soulforce?
Civil disobedience?
Nonviolent or passive resistance. By using nonviolence and civil
disobedience the Indians would win independence. Civil Disobedience is
refusal to follow unjust laws (Salt Production)
How does Mao Zedong envision
communism growing in china?
Mao thinks the proletariat AND the peasant masses must work together
to bring communism to China.