ERNEST
HEMINGWAY
1899-1961
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fh-MCQsZ5eE
Biography – Early Years
• On July 21, 1899, Ernest Hemingway was
born in Oak Park, Illinois.
• Oak Park, just south of Chicago, was the city
in which Hemingway grew up.
• After graduating high school, he began
writing for The Kansas City Star.
Ambulance Driver
• At the start of the First Word War,
• Hemingway drove an ambulance
on the
Italian
front.
• Within a year of his service, Hemingway was severely
injured. He returned to the states because of his wounds.
Love and Work
• Ernest Hemingway
• He wrote about the
married Hadley
Greco-Turkish War
Richardson in 1922.
and travel pieces.
• The young coupled
relocated to Paris where
Hemingway had found
work as a foreign
correspondent.
• Before two years of living
in Paris, Hemingway wrote
over eighty articles for the
Toronto Star.
Influences
– Became an active member of the so-called ‘Lost
Generation.’
– Included many writers who were beginning to explore
the possibility of Modernist writing. Hemingway and Ford
Madox Ford edited a review which published the work of
writers like Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound and John Dos
Passos.
– Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald formed a close
friendship. Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby inspired
Hemingway to write
– Hemingway spent much time at Gertrude Stein's salon.
In this social context, Hemingway met influential painters
including Juan Gris, Joan Miró, and Pablo Picasso.
Divorce and new love
• The relationship between Hemingway and Hadley
began to break down as Hemingway wrote his
first novel.
• Hadley also discovered that Hemingway was
having an affair with the American Pauline
Pfeiffer.
• As Part of the divorce settlement, Hadley was to
receive the revenue from The Sun Also Rises.
• After the first divorce, Hemingway married
Pauline Pfeiffer. Hemingway would end their
marriage on returning from the Spanish Civil War.
Mid-life Crisis
• In June 1928, Hemingway and his second wife had a son in
Kansas City.
• Hemingway and his family traveled to Wyoming,
Massachusetts and New York.
• Hemingway’s father had committed suicide. He began to
have premonitions that he would end his life by his own
hand.
• Throughout the 1930s, Hemingway would spend his winters
in Key West, Florida. This region would become associated
with Hemingway.
• In the summer, Hemingway would return to Wyoming to
take advantage of the hunting and fishing.
• Went on African safari in 1933
Married….Again…
• Hemingway sailed to Cuba in early 1939.
• While in Cuba, Hemingway lived in a hotel and
signaled the increased effort painfully separate from
his second wife.
• Martha Gelhorn was to join Hemingway in Cuba.
• In 1940, Hemingway married Martha Gelhorn.
• This marriage ended
when Hemingway met
PLAYER!!!!!
Mary Walsh in
Wyoming in the fall of
1940.
• Summer home
in Idaho.
On the Road Again
• Gelhorn gave Hemingway the inspiration to pen
his most famous novel
• nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for this work.
• In 1941, Martha Gellhorn accepted an assignment
for Colliers magazine that required her to travel to
China.
• Hemingway took the opportunity to travel China.
World War II
• For the second half of 1944, Hemingway traveled to the
European front of the Second World War.
• He was at the D-Day landingh
• He was protected as “precious cargo.”
• Some say that he went ashore during the Allied invasion.
• During the conflict, Hemingway broke the Geneva
Convention by leading an armed group of military
resistors.
• As a journalist, he was forbidden to engage in military
action.
• he escaped punishment by claiming that he had only given
advice.
• For his actions in the war, Hemingway was given a Bronze
Star for bravery.
New Wife and Secret Life
• Returned to Paris
• In London, Hemingway met Mary Welsh, a Time magazine
correspondent.
• On their third meeting, Hemmingway offered a marriage
proposal.
• The wedding occurred in 1946.
• During a return trip to Europe, Hemingway became infatuated
with the teenager, Adriana Ivancich (EWW!!!).
• This romance would inspire Hemingway’s book Across the
River and Into the Trees. Which was received very poorly.
• However in 1952, Hemingway would win the Pulitzer Prize for
The Old Man and the Sea. Two years later Hemingway would
be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Death
• His mental and physical health
worsened during this period.
• Hemingway’s alcoholism worsened.
• From 1955 to 1956, Hemingway was
confined to his bed.
• His doctors told him to stop
drinking, but he did not comply.
• His mental health deteriorated.
• He attempted electoroshock
therapy.
• In 1961, Ernest Hemingway
committed suicide.
Novels
 Novels:
– The Sun Also Rises in 1926
– A Farewell to Arms in 1929
– For Whom the Bell Tolls in 1940 (most ambitious novel)
– The Old Man and the Sea in 1952 (most outstanding short story)
 Used plain, forceful prose style characterized by simple sentences and
few adjectives or adverbs
 He wrote crisp, accurate dialogue and exact description of places and
things
 Created a type of male character (Hemingway Hero) who faces
violence and destruction with courage
 “Hemingway Code” is known as the trait of “grace under pressure”
which appeared to be the unemotional behavior even in dangerous
situation
Novels


For Whom the Bell Tolls
A classic war romance that takes place in the mountains of Spain in 1937. It
tells a story of a man by the name of Robert Jordan who is an American
fighting for the Republicans. He is ordered to blow up a bridge as part of a
large offensive. He has to work with a colorful group of local guerillas to help
him out on his mission. In the process of the mission, he ends up falling in
love with one of them.
Literally, a lot of blood, sweat and tears went into this book. It was
Hemingway’s own visit to war-torn Spain as a journalist and film production
assistant in 1937 and 1938.

He called this book “the most important thing I’ve ever done.”
Novels
The Old Man and the Sea
 An old fisherman who hasn’t caught a fish in 84 years and doesn’t eat
much. He has a dream of lions he used to see in the old days and wakes up
and decides to get in his boat and fish. Not too long after, he hooks a
ridiculously large marlin. The man ends up see this fish as a brother and not
an enemy. He finds it hard to kill it but ultimately does. The man straps the
fish to the side of his boat and heads back home. On the way, sharks attack
the boat eating the marlin. He tries beating them with a harpoon, club and
finally a knife. When he reaches home, its only a skeleton. He goes to sleep
and dreams of the same lions as before.

The story is an example of the emotional weight of his work,
and the characteristics of his unemotional male protagonist.
Extra Biography
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Following his entry into World War I, he tried to enlist into the US Army but failed
his physical test due to poor eyesight.
By 1927 his first marriage was over, he then married Pauline Pfeiffer the same year.
They met in Paris, and left the city for a fresh new start.
Lived in Pauline’s family home, including a studio were he wrote. Their home can
be toured at the Hemingway-Pfeiffer Museum and Educational Center in Arkansas.
On a visit back home, he stopped in the Key West.
The Key West gave him an opportunity to enjoy fishing.
He sailed his boat all around the Gulf Stream.
His house in Key West is also open to the public.
If not sailing on his boat, he was writing.
The summer of 1933, Hemingway, Pauline and a friend visited Africa for a threemonth Safari.
While in Africa, he got a severe illness and had to recover in the hospital.
He was a hunter and outdoorsman. He brought trophies home and also writing
about his travel.
Extra Biography
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After the start of the Spanish War, he wrote for the American Newspaper Alliance.
During his coverage of the war, he traveled with a reporter named Martha
Gellhorn. They first met in Key West and became closer together in Spain.
Later in 1940, they got married after his marriage with Pauline ended.
In 1940, him and Martha purchased a home outside of the Havana, Cuba. They live
there for 20 years.
He wrote a lot from his home in Cuba, but little of his work was published. After
his death they were all edited and published.
In 194, he traveled to Europe to report WWII.
His first stop was London where he wrote the Wars Effect on the city.
He met another reporter in London named Mary Walsh who later became his
fourth wife.
They traveled England together and after returning home he divorced Martha in
1945 and married Mary in 1946.
His final home is in Idaho where outside of town there is a memorial for one of the
twentieth centuries greatest personalities.