Day 1
Literacy
a)
i.
Proficiency
b)
i.
c)
Knowledge and understanding of basic computer
terminology
Ability to use computer applications to complete
tasks efficiently, accurately, and effectively.
At the end of this semester you will be both
1c(1) literate and 1c(2) proficient in computer
technology.
2
1837 Charles Babbage invented a
a)
i.
ii.
2a
mechanical computer
made of about 2ai 25,000 parts
weighed 2aii 15 tons
3
1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer
a)
a)
b)
b)
made of about 25,000 parts
weighed 15 tons
1950’s–computers use
2b
vacuum tubes
4
1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer
a)
a)
b)
b)
c)
made of about 25,000 parts
weighed 15 tons
1950’s–computers use vacuum tubes
1958–Integrated 2c Circuit is invented
5
1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer
a)
a)
b)
b)
c)
d)
made of about 25,000 parts
weighed 15 tons
1950’s–computers use vacuum tubes
1958–Integrated Circuit is invented
1960-The 2d minicomputer is introduced
6
1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer
a)
a)
b)
b)
c)
d)
e)
made of about 25,000 parts
weighed 15 tons
1950’s–computers use vacuum tubes
1958–Integrated Circuit is invented
1960-The minicomputer is introduced
1964–IBM announces its 2e System 360 computers which eventually
sweep industry
7
1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer
a)
a)
b)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
made of about 25,000 parts
weighed 15 tons
1950’s–computers use vacuum tubes
1958–Integrated Circuit is invented
1960-The minicomputer is introduced
1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually sweep
industry
1971- 2f Intel creates the first microprocessor
8
1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer
a)
a)
b)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
made of about 25,000 parts
weighed 15 tons
1950’s–computers use vacuum tubes
1958–Integrated Circuit is invented
1960-The minicomputer is introduced
1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually sweep
industry
1971-Intel creates the first microprocessor
1972-Personal computing begins with the 2g Intel 8008 microprocessor
9
1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer
a)
a)
b)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
made of about 25,000 parts
weighed 15 tons
1950’s–computers use vacuum tubes
1958–Integrated Circuit is invented
1960-The minicomputer is introduced
1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually sweep
industry
1971-Intel creates the first microprocessor
1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessor
1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the 2h Apple 1
10
1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer
a)
a)
b)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
made of about 25,000 parts
weighed 15 tons
1950’s–computers use vacuum tubes
1958–Integrated Circuit is invented
1960-The minicomputer is introduced
1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually sweep
industry
1971-Intel creates the first microprocessor
1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessor
1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1
1981-IBM introduces its 3i personal computer
11
1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer
a)
a)
b)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
made of about 25,000 parts
weighed 15 tons
1950’s–computers use vacuum tubes
1958–Integrated Circuit is invented
1960-The minicomputer is introduced
1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually sweep
industry
1971-Intel creates the first microprocessor
1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessor
1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1
1981-IBM introduces its personal computer
1986–IBM introduces the first 3j laptop computer
12
1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer
a)
a)
b)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
made of about 25,000 parts
weighed 15 tons
1950’s–computers use vacuum tubes
1958–Integrated Circuit is invented
1960-The minicomputer is introduced
1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually sweep
industry
1971-Intel creates the first microprocessor
1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessor
1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1
1981-IBM introduces its personal computer
1986–IBM introduces the first laptop computer
1990– 3k Pocket computers are introduced
13
1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer
a)
a)
b)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
made of about 25,000 parts
weighed 15 tons
1950’s–computers use vacuum tubes
1958–Integrated Circuit is invented
1960-The minicomputer is introduced
1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually sweep
industry
1971-Intel creates the first microprocessor
1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessor
1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1
1981-IBM introduces its personal computer
1986–IBM introduces the first laptop computer
1990–Pocket computers are introduced
1993–Intel releases the 3l Pentium processor; 1st PDA released, Apple’s
Message Pad
14
1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer
a)
a)
b)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
made of about 25,000 parts
weighed 15 tons
1950’s–computers use vacuum tubes
1958–Integrated Circuit is invented
1960-The minicomputer is introduced
1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually sweep
industry
1971-Intel creates the first microprocessor
1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessor
1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1
1981-IBM introduces its personal computer
1986–IBM introduces the first laptop computer
1990–Pocket computers are introduced
1993–Intel releases the Pentium processor; 1st PDA released, Apple’s
Message Pad
1999- 3m Palm VII (wireless); provides access to the Internet with a
single device
15
1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer
a)
a)
b)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
made of about 25,000 parts
weighed 15 tons
1950’s–computers use vacuum tubes
1958–Integrated Circuit is invented
1960-The minicomputer is introduced
1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually sweep
industry
1971-Intel creates the first microprocessor
1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessor
1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1
1981-IBM introduces its personal computer
1986–IBM introduces the first laptop computer
1990–Pocket computers are introduced
1993–Intel releases the Pentium processor; 1st PDA released, Apple’s
Message Pad
1999-Palm VII (wireless); provides access to the Internet with a single
device
2000-Intel develops the 3n Pentium 4 chip.
16
1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer
a)
a)
b)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
made of about 25,000 parts
weighed 15 tons
1950’s–computers use vacuum tubes
1958–Integrated Circuit is invented
1960-The minicomputer is introduced
1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually sweep
industry
1971-Intel creates the first microprocessor
1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessor
1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1
1981-IBM introduces its personal computer
1986–IBM introduces the first laptop computer
1990–Pocket computers are introduced
1993–Intel releases the Pentium processor; 1st PDA released, Apple’s
Message Pad
1999-Palm VII (wireless); provides access to the Internet with a single
device
2000-Intel develops the Pentium 4 chip.
2001- 3o Dell becomes the largest PC maker of computers; Apple
introduces the IPod
17
1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer
a)
a)
b)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)
made of about 25,000 parts
weighed 15 tons
1950’s–computers use vacuum tubes
1958–Integrated Circuit is invented
1960-The minicomputer is introduced
1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually sweep
industry
1971-Intel creates the first microprocessor
1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessor
1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1
1981-IBM introduces its personal computer
1986–IBM introduces the first laptop computer
1990–Pocket computers are introduced
1993–Intel releases the Pentium processor; 1st PDA released, Apple’s
Message Pad
1999-Palm VII (wireless); provides access to the Internet with a single
device
2000-Intel develops the Pentium 4 chip.
2001-Dell becomes the largest PC maker of computers; Apple
introduces the IPod
2002- 3p 1 billion PC’s are shipped worldwide since 1970's
18
A computer consists of
a)
i.
4ai
1)
hardware
touchable parts of
the computer
4ai1
ii. 4aii software
1)
anything that can be
4aii1 stored electronically
is software
Source: dictionary.com; webopedia.com
19
A computer is an
electronic device that:
b)
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
4bi accepts
information (input)
4bii processes the information
(processing)
4biii displays the information
(output)
4biv stores the information
(storage)
Source: dictionary.com
20
Input
Process
Output
Storage
21
a)
Any hardware
component that
allows you to enter
data, programs,
commands, and
user responses into
a computer
22
b)
5b
Keyboard
i.
5bi Main
ii.
The set of typewriter-like keys that enables you
to enter data into a computer.
Computer keyboards are similar to electrictypewriter keyboards but contain additional
keys.
iii.
input device
23
c.
5c
Mouse
A device that controls the movement of the cursor
or pointer on a 5ci display screen.
ii. A mouse is a small object you can roll along a hard,
flat surface.
iii. Its name is derived from its 5ci(1) shape, which looks
a bit like a mouse, its connecting wire that one can
imagine to be the mouse's 5ci(2) tail, and the fact
that one must make it 5ci(3) scurry along a surface.
iv. As you move the mouse, the pointer on the display
screen moves in the same direction.
v.
Mice usually have 2 buttons which have different
functions depending on what program is running
vi. Mice also include a 5cvi scroll wheel for scrolling
through long documents
i.
24
d)
6d
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
1)
2)
Trackball
A trackball is like a mouse lying on its 6di back.
To move the pointer, you 6dii rotate the ball
with your thumb, your fingers, or the palm of
your hand.
There are usually one to three buttons next to
the ball, which you use just like mouse
buttons.
The 6div advantage of trackballs over mice is
the trackball is 6div1 stationary so it does not
require much space to use it.
you can place a trackball on any type of surface,
including your lap.
25
e)
6e
i.
ii.
iii.
Touchpad
A small, touch-sensitive pad used as a pointing
device on some 6ei portable computers.
By moving a finger or other object along the
pad, you can move the pointer on the display
screen.
You can click by 6eiii tapping the pad or pressing
the nearby buttons.
26
f)
7f
i.
ii.
1)
2)
Digitizing Tablet
Enables you to enter 7fi(1) drawings and
sketches into a computer.
Consists of
an electronic 7fii1 tablet
a pen (also called a 7fii2 stylus)
a)
iii.
7fi(2)
looks like a simple ballpoint pen but uses an
electronic head instead of ink
The tablet contains electronics that enable it
to detect movement of the pen and translate
the movements into digital signals that it sends
to the computer.
27
g)
7g
i.
ii.
Scanner
A device that can read text or illustrations
printed on paper and translate the information
into a form the computer can use.
A scanner works by 7gii(1) digitizing an image -dividing it into a grid of boxes and representing
each box with either a zero or a one,
depending on whether the box is filled in. The
resulting matrix of 7gii(2) bits, called a 7gii(3) bit
map, can then be stored in a file, displayed on
a screen, and manipulated by programs.
28
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
OCR software enables you to get edible text from any documents
into your computer system automatically.
When invoices or a forms are scanned, they are made into
pictures.
The OCR software can process these pictures into edible text.
The OCR Scanners software reads machine print, checkboxes,
handwriting, barcodes – pretty much anything.
OCR scanners enable enormous savings in time and money, and
since the manual interference is minimal, human errors can be
avoided and you will attain increased data quality.
Steps
1.
2.
3.
Scan the document
Save the document as: Text Document OCR (may be different
depending on the software you use)
Choose a Save location for the (Rich Text Format) RTF version of the
scanned document
http://h71036.www7.hp.com/hho/cache/608037-0-0-225-121.html
h)
8h
i.
ii.
Microphone
An input device capable of transforming sound
waves into changes in electric currents or
voltage, used in recording or transmitting
sound
Used with voice-recognition technology
30
i)
8i
i.
ii.
Digital Camera
A camera that stores images digitally rather
than recording them on film.
Once a picture has been taken, it can be
downloaded to a computer system, and then
manipulated with a graphics program and
printed.
31
 http://www.mediacollege.com/video/streaming/ov
erview.html
 MPEG-4 is the most universal (a lot of players will
also play a MP4)
 windows-media
 real-media
 Quicktime
 mpeg-4
 flash
Free Video Editing Software
 iMovie (Apple)

http://www.apple.com/ilife/imovie/
 iMovie outputs to QuickTime .MOV
 Will upload to YouTube
 Needs to be converted to MPEG-4 to upload to iTunes for iPods


Windows Movie Maker (PC)
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/moviemaker/cr
eate/default.mspx
 Movie Maker outputs to Windows Media Player .WMV
 Need to be converted to MPEG-4 to upload to iTunes for iPods


iTunes can convert most video for you (Choose
Advanced > “Create iPod or iPhone Version.”)


Video/Audio presentations that can be sent over the internet
http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/fanfaq.html
Input
Process
Output
Storage
35
a)
b)
After you enter data via
an input device, the
computer system’s
processing components
manipulate the data into
usable output or storage
using software.
Data manipulation
involves activities such as
performing calculations,
formatting text, and
sorting or filtering lists.
36
c)
d)
The 9c system unit is a
case that contains
electronic components of
the computer used to
process data
The System Unit contains
the 9d(1) motherboard,
9d(2) power supply,
9d(3) devices, and all
9d(4) circuit boards
37
Motherboard = 9e main circuit
board in the system unit
e)
The motherboard contains
9ei electronic pathways called
buses that enable signals to travel
to necessary computer
components.
The motherboard can have
9eii Expansion Cards
i.
ii.
removable circuit boards that
9eii1 expand the capabilities of the
motherboard
plug into the motherboard
1)
2)
a)
b)
Sound card
Video card
38
iii.
The motherboard has the 10iii(1)
processor (shown in the top right
corner of the picture) also known
as the 10iii(2) central processing unit
(CPU)
Computer 10iii1 brains that control and
manipulate data;
Transforms data into information;
1.5" square chip w/ electric circuits
1)
2)
3)
iv.
Processing speed described as
10iv clock speed
This speed is measured in
1)
a)
2)
3)
4)
Tip:
10iv1a the
10iv1
hertz
computer runs so fast it hertz
Timing device that controls the rate at
which the system executes instructions &
synchronizes computer components.
1 hertz = 1 cycle per second (cps).
Today’s clock speeds (2.8-3.4 GHz) are
expressed in gigahertz (GHz). 1 GHz = 1
billion cps.
39




CPU: is responsible for getting, decoding, executing, and writing-back the
data from a storage device or RAM.
Core: the part of the processor that does the executing or, in other words,
the calculations.
Single Core Processor: All computations must happen one-at-a-time. With
a single core processor there is no such thing as true multi-tasking.
Dual Core Processor: One CPU with two cores or “two calculators.”


With multiple cores a computer can hybrid-multi-task. The calculations are done
in parallel but the getting, decoding, and writing-back are all done in series.
Multi-Core Processors: Two or more CPU each with it’s own core.
Each CPU would do its own getting, decoding, executing, and writing-back the
data from a storage device or RAM.
 Multi-Core allows for true multi-tasking with each processor completing a task in
it’s entirety.

 intel


dual core demos/advertisement
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-dual-core-processor.htm
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-cpu.htm
f)
Memory: RAM -
11f Random Access
Memory
i.
Not permanent memory;
1)
2)
holds data, information, and computer
instructions while the computer is on or until it
is cleared;
gone when power is disrupted or turned off.
Provides temporary working storage for
data and programs (e.g., the operating
system) to process data; “waiting
room” for data to be processed
The 11fiii amount of RAM determines:
ii.
iii.
1)
11fiii1
how much data can be processed at one
2)
11fiii2
how big the application programs can be
3)
11fiii3
how many programs can be open at once
time
used
RAM is measured in 11fiv gigabytes
RAM is a major specification when
11fv comparing computer systems for
purchase
iv.
v.
1)
More RAM means you can 11fv1(1) run more
programs or 11fv1(2) more complicated programs.
41
a)
b)
c)
d)
Computer data is stored (both in
RAM and on storage devices) in a
binary 12a (base 2) numbering
system. This means that data is
stored in a series of 0s and 1s.
For example, the letter “H” is
represented as 01001000 in a
binary system.
Characters that make sense to
humans are meaningless to an
electronic computer. Like a light
bulb, the computer just
interprets every signal as either
12b(1)“on” or 12b(2)“off”
12c 1 = “on”
12d 0 = “off”
Binary vs. Decimal
a)
1
1
b)
10
2
c)
11
3
d)
100
4
e)
101
5
f)
110
6
g)
111
7
h)
1000 8
i)
1001 9
j)
1010 10
42
13a(1) Binary
a)
i.
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
dig 13a(2) its (bits)
Each 1 and 0 is a 13 a i bit
There are 10 types of
people in this world;
those who
understand binary
and those who don't.
A series of eight bits is called a 13b byte
13c(1) Kilobyte (KB) = about a 13c(2) thousand bytes
13d(1) Megabyte (MB) = about a 13d(2) million bytes
14e(1) Gigabyte (GB) = about a 14e(2) billion bytes
14f(1) Terabyte (TB) = about a 14f(2) trillion bytes
Petabyte = about a quadrillion bytes or 1,000 terabytes
Exabyte = about a quintillion bytes
Most modern computers are incapable of handling so much
data. As of 2008, one Exabyte of hard drive storage would cost
more than $200 million.
Zettabyte = about a sextillion bytes or 1 billion gigabytes
Yottabyte = about a septillion bytes
As of 2008, no computer has yet achieved one yottabyte of
storage. In fact, the combined space of all the computer hard
drives in the world does not amount to even one zettabyte.
(However, estimates will change that as of 2010.) According to
one study, all the world's computers stored approximately 160
exabytes in 2006, with nearly 1 zettabyte projected by 2010.
43
Input
Process
Output
Storage
44
Output devices make the information
resulting from processing available for use
Output Device Examples
a)
b)
i.
1)
ii.
1)
15bi
Monitors
15bii
Printers
Monitors produce 15bi1 soft copy (temporary display)
Printers produce 15bii1 hard copy (“permanent”
version)
iii. 15biii
Speakers
45
Types
a)
i.
16ai
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
LCD monitors flat-panel monitors that produce images
by controlling light within two layers separated by
liquid crystal solution; LCDs are standard on laptop
computers and are gaining popularity for desktop
models.
1)
The surface of the screen is composed of
individual 16b(1) picture 16b(2) elements called
16b(3) pixels
b)
Pixel: picture element, a single point in a character
or graphic image
i.
c)
16c
Resolution
Sharpness/clarity indicated by # of 16ci pixels or
dots.
16cii(1) Higher resolution = 16cii(2) clearer images.
i.
ii.
1)
2)
Examples: 800 x 600 and 1024 x 768.
Larger #=more items visible but 16cii2 smaller.
46
a)
17a
i.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
ii.
1)
2)
Nonimpact
17ai
Laser
17aii
Inkjet
Laser beam produces image on a drum (like a copy
machine)
Drum rolls through 17ai2 toner (ink powder) reservoir.
Toner transfer to paper through 17ai3(1) heat &
17ai3(2) pressure.
Speed is measured in 17ai4(1) pages 17ai4(2) per 17ai4(3) minute
a) 4-21 ppm text
b) 12 ppm graphics
Sound: Quiet
Other: Duplex optional (printing on both sides of the
paper)
Sprays ink on a page
Speed:
a) 16 ppm for black only
b) 14 ppm for color
47
Input
Process
Output
Storage
48
Used to store instructions, data, and
information when they are not being used in
memory
Storage devices are system components that
can hold data 18b(1) permanently; unlike RAM
that is emptied when the computer is 18b(2)
turned off, storage devices maintain data
without electricity.
When you 18c save a document, the document
is located in a storage device. (A copy also
runs in RAM until you close the document on
the screen, or when you turn off the
computer.)
Different storage devices are available.
Choose a device based on its 18d(1) capacity,
18d(2) portability, and 18d(3) durability.
Types of storage devices:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Magnetic
18eii Optical
18eiii Flash
18eiv Cloud (online)
18ei
49
a)
19a
i.
b)
19b
i.
c)
19c
i.
Formatting
The process of dividing the disk into 19a(1) tracks and
19a(2) sectors so the computer can locate the
information on the disk.
Read
to copy data from a 19bi(1) storage medium to main
19bi(2) memory (RAM)
Write
copy data from main
device
19ci(1) memory
to a
19ci(2) storage
20.
a)
20a
i.
ii.
b)
20b
i.
ii.
c)
20c
i.
ii.
Tracks
A 20ai ring on a disk where data can be written;
Each track is divided into number of sectors
Sectors
The 20bi smallest unit accessed on a disk
A sector that cannot be used due to physical flaw on
the disk is called a bad sector.
File Allocation Table (FAT)
Like a 20ci table of contents
Used by operating system to
disk
20cii
locate files on a
50
Types of magnetic storage
i. 21ai Hard disks
ii. 21aii Floppy disks
iii. 21aiii Zip disks
iv. 21aiv Tape
b) Magnetic storage uses 21b
magnetic particles to
store items on a surface
c) 21c On = positively
charged
a)
51
Hard
d)
22d
Drive
Capacity
i.
1)
200 GB - 1 TB
Long-term
iii. Located in system typically as
the 22diii C drive
iv. Stores 22div(1) operating system,
application 22div(2) software, and
data files
v. Information is maintained when
power is off
ii.
52
22e Tape
e)
Drive
Storage capacity: varies
Positives:
i.
ii.
1)
2)
iii.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Good for lots of data
Good for long term storage
Negative:
Not common
Sensitive to extreme temperatures
Not very durable
Limited space
53
f)
23f
Optical discs
Optical storage devices are 23fi(1) plastic
discs coated with a 23fi(2) reflective metal
on which data is recorded using 23fi(3) laser
technology.
ii. Positives:
i.
1)
iii.
1)
Portable —most machines have CD-ROM
drives
23fii1
Negatives:
Easy to 23fiii1 scratch
54
a. Optical Disc Types:
i.
CDs
1)
650 MB;
2)
Equivalent to six 100 MB Zip disks—lots of storage
ii. 24aii CD-ROM
iii.
iv.
v.
1)
24aii1 Read
2)
Used for music and games
Only Memory
CD-R
1)
24aiii1Record one time only
2)
Used for backing up data
CD-RW
1)
24aiv1 Re-Writable
2)
Can erase and start over again or can continue adding files
DVDs
1)
4.7 GB; Useful for large video files
vi.
DVD-ROM
vii.
DVD-R
viii. DVD+R
ix.
DVD-RW
x.
DVD+RW
xi.
DVD+RAM
b. 24b Write/rewrite/read
i.
32 x 10 x 40 means
1)
32
24bi1
write speed
2)
10
24bi2
rewrite speed
3)
40
24bi3
read speed
55
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Condition where files are 25a(1)
divided into pieces 25a(2) scattered
around the disk.
Occurs naturally when disk is 25b
used frequently to create, delete,
and modify files.
At some point, part of file is stored
in 25c noncontiguous clusters.
Can 25d slow down speed at which
data is accessed because the disk
drive must search to find different
parts to put together as a file.
The disk drive must search to find
different parts to put together as a
file so it slows the access speed.
56
Defragmenting: Process of 26a(1) optimizing a
disk by 26a(2) rearranging files on disk by
sectors.
Clusters for files moved to 26b contiguous
clusters
a)
b)
i.
Data access: 26bi more efficient
57
a)
27a
Flash memory
Flash memory cards are 27ai small, portable cards
encased in hard plastic to which data can be
written and rewritten. They are used in digital
cameras, handheld computers, video game
controllers, and other devices.
Positives:
i.
ii.
1)
2)
iii.
1)
iv.
1)
2)
3)
Portable
Newest storage trend
Negatives:
Easy to lose
Types:
Flash memory cards
27aiv2 USB drive (flash drive)
27aiv3 Solid State Disk – like a hard drive, expensive
58
b)
27b
Cloud online storage
Files are stored on a 27bi
server
ii. Content is available 27bii
anywhere there is an
internet connection
iii. Documents can be shared
between 27biii(1) devices
and 27biii(2) people
i.
59
A communications device is a 28a(1) hardware component
that enables a computer to 28a(2) send (transmit) and 28a(3)
receive data, instructions, and information to and from one
or more computers
Communications occur over transmission media, such as
28b(1) telephone lines, 28b(2) cables, cellular radio networks,
and satellites
Transmission Types/Formats:
a)
b)
c)
Analog: continuous signals, as used in telephone lines.
28cii Digital: binary; combination of zeros and ones; used by
computers
i.
28ci
ii.
29.
a)
29a(1)
Purpose: Converts 29ai(1) digital format (used on computers) to
29ai(2) analog format to transmit over 29ai(3) phone lines; upon
arrival, 29ai(4) decodes analog format into digital format again.
Types and Speeds:
i.
ii.
1)
2)
3)
iii.
Modem: 29a(2) MOdulator- 29a(3) DEModulator
29aii1) Dial-up
Telephone—56K=57,600 bps (bits per second)
Cable Modem—high-speed connection 1.5 Mega bps=1.5 million bps
DSL 29aii3) (Digital Subscriber Line)—telephone line; no separate line
needed
Access Speeds: Don’t always get full transmission speed 100% of
time.
60
Small area of wireless (32 feet or less)
 Both devices must be Bluetooth enabled
 Enabled devises will automatically “talk” to each other
and create the connection
 Enabled devises are constantly sending out radio signals
looking for compatible devises
 Up to eight devises can use the same Bluetooth devise
 Wii remote uses Bluetooth technology
 Limited security


Uses radio waves to transmit data


Similar to “walky-talkies”


You may have heard a “clicking” in you car speakers
In a theme park you may pick up other conversations
http://www.howstuffworks.com/bluetooth.htm
A network 30a(1) connects one computer
to other computers and 30a(2) peripheral devices
enabling you to 30a(3) share data and 30a(4) resources
with others.
b)
Each networked computer must have a 30b Network Interface
Card (NIC) installed.
a)
NIC = 30bi(1) hardware inserted into 30bi(2) expansion slot on the 30bi(3)
motherboard that enables a computer to 30bi(4) connect to a 30bi(5)
network.
31) Networks
i.
Types of Networks
c)
LAN
i.
1)
31ci
(Local Area Network)
short-distance network that typically shares printer and storage for a single
department or one floor of a building.
WAN 31cii (Wide Area Network) more than one LAN connected
together
ii.
1)
computer network that covers a broad area (any network whose
communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries)
T1 & T3 Connections
d)
i.
31di(1) leased lines
di(2) high capacity
from telephone companies providing extremely
and 31di(3) speeds for organizations.
62
31
 LAN



(Local Area Network)
Connect multiple PC’s together using a network card
and/or a router depending on the size of the LAN.
Pro: You are in the same room as your friends.
Con: Each player must have their own PC and software
for the game.
 Internet



Connect multiple payers together over an internet server
connection.
Pro: Players can “conceivably” be anywhere in the
world.
Con: No internet service no friends.
Ports - connector that enables you to connect or
attach devices (e.g., printer, scanner, or digital camera)
to your computer system.
a)
32a
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Serial - communications port to keyboards, modems, and
mice
32aii Parallel - connect devices such as printers and scanners;
faster transmission than serial port
Video - connect a monitor
USB - 32aiv(1) Universal Serial Bus. Enables USB devices (e.g.,
high-speed modems, scanners, digital cameras, and some
printers) to be connected 32aiv(2) together (daisy-chained)
and plugged into the USB port on computer so you don’t
need 32aiv(3) multiple expansion cards.
32av(1) Firewire - used for digital audio and video; 32av(2) high
speed connection; replaced SCSI
32ai
Expandability
b)
i.
ii.
Expansion slots - Area in which to add an expansion
board to a computer.
Expansion boards - A circuit board that you insert into an
expansion slot; it enables you to 32bii add functionality to
your computer. Examples: video, graphics, sound, modems,
etc.
32bi
64

WiFi uses radio waves to transmit or receive data
802.11n transmits at 2.4 GHz it can handle up to 54 megabits of data per
second and is widely available.
802.11ac is the newest standard. This standard significantly improves
speed and range.
You should pick a standard and use that standard for all devices connected
to the network. However, many new devises are “backward compatible” to
the 802.11g standard.
Wireless adapter attached to the computer.
Wireless router allows you to use wireless signals or Ethernet cables to
connect your computers to one another, to a printer and to the Internet.
Most routers provide coverage for about 100 feet (30.5 meters) in all
directions.
Security:

WEP (Wired Equivalency Privacy ) is an old standard and not very secure.
 WPA (WiFi Protected Access )uses temporal key integrity protocol (TKIP)
encryption. As with WEP, WPA security involves signing on with a password. Most
public hotspots are either open or use WPA .
 Media Access Control (MAC) address filtering is a little different from WEP or
WPA. It doesn't use a password to authenticate users -- it uses a computer's
physical hardware. Each computer has its own unique MAC address.
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wireless-network.htm








a)
i.
b)
i.
c)
i.
33a
Ergonomics
33b
Carpal-Tunnel Syndrome
33c
Surge Protectors
Study of the design of 33ai safe and comfortable
office environment. Important in designing
computer systems (e.g., ergonomic keyboards) and
furniture.
Medical condition, or repetitive-stress injury,
causing pain and numbness in hands and lower arms
due to repeated motion. Prevention: adjust chair
height, monitor & keyboard placement; take breaks
from typing & using the mouse.
Device that guards against 33ci electric spikes;
check rating and capability.
66
d)
33d
i.
Multi-tasking
the apparent simultaneous performance of two or
more tasks by a computer's central processing unit
GUI
e)
Graphical User Interface
ii. a type of user interface item that allows people to
interact with programs in more ways than typing
iii. A GUI offers graphical 33eiii icons, and visual
indicators, as opposed to text-based interfaces,
typed command labels or text navigation to fully
represent the information and actions available to
a user. The actions are usually performed through
direct manipulation of the graphical elements.
i.
33ei
67
Personal computers
(PCs)
a)
34a
i.
Definition: “A small,
relatively inexpensive
computer designed for an
34ai individual user. In price,
personal computers range
anywhere from a few
hundred dollars to thousands
of dollars.” –
webopedia.com
68
Types of personal computers:
b)
i.
3bi
1)
ii.
1)
2)
3)
4)
iii.
1)
iv.
1)
2)
3)
Desktop computers
A computer that sits on a desk and has its input and
output devices 35bi1) separate from the system
unit.
35bii
Notebook (laptop) computers
35biii
Tablet PCs
35biv
Handheld (Smart Phone)
All components are 35bii1) housed in one compact
unit
Small, mobile computer usually weights 2-7 lbs.
35bii3) Same tasks as a Desktop Computer
35bii4) More expensive than a Desktop Computer
Similar to a laptop but with a screen that you can
write on with a special device called a 35 b iii 1)
stylus
Ex: Palm Pilot, iPhone, iPad, MP3 players
Small, 35biv2) very portable, connect to PCs to
exchange information
Personal, on-the-go tasks; appointment calendars,
to-do lists, address books, email, short docs
69
Picture messaging (sometimes called photo
messaging) is the practice of taking a picture with
a built-in camera on a mobile phone or other
handheld device and sending it to another mobile
device or an e-mail recipient.
 Generally require Unlimited Text Package or Data
package from the cellular service provider
 Uses SMS technology to send the data.
 “Pictures worth a thousand word”
 Privacy issues (Snap-Chat™ has been hacked and
“deleted” photos have been retrieved)


http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci944210,00.html

Definition: The acronym SMS stands for short message service. SMS
is also often referred to as texting, sending text messages or text
messaging. The service allows for short text messages to be sent
from one cell phone to another cell phone or from the Web to
another cell phone.
Including spaces, text messages can’t exceed 160 characters.

http://cellphones.about.com/od/phoneglossary/g/smstextmessage.htm

c)
36c
i.
d)
36ci(1) powerful
desktop designed for
specialized tasks OR personal computer
attached to a network
36d
i.
Workstations
36ci(2)
Server
A computer or device on a network that
manages network resources (data or
software)
Source: webopedia.com
36di
72
e)
37e
i.
Mainframe computers
A 37ei(1) very large and 37ei(2) expensive computer capable of supporting
hundreds, or even 37ei(3) thousands, of users 37ei(4) simultaneously.
Supercomputers
f)
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
The 37fi fastest type of computer.
Very 37fii expensive
Specialized programs that require large amounts of mathematical
calculations
Example: 37fiv weather forecasting; oil exploration; nuclear energy research
Main difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe
g)
i.
ii.
supercomputer puts all its power into running a 37gi single program as fast as
possible
mainframe uses its power to execute many programs at the same time
Source: webopedia.com
73
 Size



and Speed:
From a large stack to a small room.
TERAFLOP is a trillion operations per second.
PETAFLOP is a thousand trillion operations per second.
 IBM
roadrunner video
a)
38a
i.
ii.
iii.
1)
Operating software
System program and utilities that manage
computer resources.
Instructions that tell the computer how to
perform the functions of loading, storing, and
executing an application program and how to
transfer data
Helps the computer 38aiii “boot”
When a computer is turned on, the operating system
is loaded into the computer’s memory from auxiliary
storage, a process called booting
75
b)
39b
i.
ii.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Application software
Programs designed for end-users for particular
applications/tasks.
Examples:
39bii1) Word
processing software
a)
Used to create, edit, format, and save documents and other
text-based files
b)
Examples: Microsoft 39bii1)b) Word, Lotus Word, Corel
WordPerfect
39bii2) Spreadsheet software
a)
Enables you to perform calculations and other mathematical
tasks
b)
Examples: Microsoft 39bii2)b) Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, Corel Quattro
Pro
39bii3) Database software
a)
Used to store and organize large amounts of data
b)
Examples: Microsoft 39bii3)b) Access, Lotus Approach, Corel
Paradox
39bii4) Presentation Graphics software
a)
Used to create graphic presentations, known as 39bii4)a) slide
shows, that can be shown to large groups by means of an
overhead projector or displayed on the Web.
b)
Examples: Microsoft 39bii4)b) PowerPoint, Lotus Freelance
Graphics, and Corel Presentations
76
a)
b)
c)
d)
A Database is a 40a(1) Table of unique 40a(2)
information (using a limitation called a
primary key). Each record in the Table must
be different.
A 40b(1) Form is used to 40b(2) enter
information into a database
40c(1) Reports are created to 40c(2) view the
information from the database
40d(1) Queries are used to 40d(2) search a
database for specific information
77
a)
i.
b)
i.
c)
i.
41a
Anti-Virus Software
41b
Backup
41c
File Compression
Minimize or prevent damage caused by computer
viruses
Create copy of important files in case of
accidental deletion, virus, damage, etc.
Create file that takes up 41ci less space than
usual; good for sending as e-mail attachment
78
a)
42a
i.
ii.
iii.
b)
No Cost
Author ownership retained
Author can set restrictions, such as people may
use it but not alter and sell it.
42b
i.
ii.
Freeware
Public Domain
Not copyright protected
Can be altered for user’s own purposes.
79
c)
43c
Open Source
Variation of freeware
Machine-readable format
Available for free for the general public to use
and alter
iv. Typically programmers improve and share
code with others
i.
ii.
iii.
d)
43d
i.
ii.
iii.
e)
Freely distributed for 43di trial period only
Expected to pay for extended use
E.g., WinZip & Adobe Dreamweaver
43e
i.
Shareware
Site License
Agreement that allows an organization (such
as a school) to install software on a specific
number of machines.
80
f)
43f
i.
ii.
iii.
g)
43g
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Software Piracy
43fi Illegal copies of copyright-protected software
Reason for expensive software
43fiii Stealing income from authors & companies
that produce the software
Copyright Protection
Definition - “The legal right granted to an author .
. . to exclusive publication, production, sale,
distribution of a . . . work” (dictionary.com).
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (Oct. 1998)
extends © protection to software.
Purposes - Software developers spend time &
money developing software. It is their right to
expect payment for the use of it.
Implications: 43giv Copying software from friends
& family is © infringement.
81
a)
44a
i.
ii.
Viruses
Malicious codes or programs that are usually installed on your
computer without your knowledge and against your wishes.
Viruses can:
Be just a 44aii1) nuisance (example: copying itself and filling up your hard
drive)
Cause files to be 44aii2) corrupted or erased
44aii3) Shut down the computer
44aii4) Erase the entire hard drive
44aii5) Replicate itself
44aii6) Send e-mails to your address book contacts infecting their computers
Clogs communication networks (e.g., e-mail)
44aii8) Disables operating programs (e.g., Windows)
Results in data damage and lost productivity time.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
45. Malware
i.
Viruses
45i
spread through infected programs.
45i1) E-mail
attachments are the most common way of spreading a virus.
Downloading an infected file will give your computer the virus.
1)
2)
Types of viruses:
ii.
45ii1) Logic
1)
a)
2)
a)
bomb
Waits for a specific 45ii1)a) action, such as entering a password
45ii2) Time bomb
Runs on a particular date or time
82
b)
46b
i.
ii.
iii.
c)
46c
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Worms
Subclass of virus
Has the capability to travel without any human action
Due to the copying nature of a worm and its capability to travel across
networks the end result in most cases is that the worm consumes too
much 46biii(1) system memory (or network bandwidth), causing Web
servers, network servers and individual computers to 46biii(2) stop
responding.
Trojan horses
At first glance will 46ci appear to be useful software but will actually
do damage once installed or run on your computer.
Trojans are designed to be more annoying than malicious (like changing
your desktop, adding silly active desktop icons) or they can cause
serious damage by deleting files and destroying information on your
system.
Trojans are also known to create a backdoor on your computer that
gives malicious users access to your system, possibly allowing
confidential or personal information to be compromised.
Trojans do not reproduce by infecting other files nor do they selfreplicate.
83
Protection
d)
Update your operating software (Windows)
Install and update Anti-virus software
i.
47di
ii.
1)
2)
3)
Anti-virus software prevents or minimizes damage
caused by viruses
Must be updated in order to get rid of new viruses
Examples:
a) 47dii3)a) Norton Anti-Virus
b) 47dii3)b) McAfee
iii. 47diii Firewalls
1)
2)
Limits 47diii1) access to computers
Can be 47diii2)(1) hardware or 47diii2)(2) software
84
a)
48a
Authentication
Makes sure user requesting access is
authorized to do so
i.
Password Guidelines
b)
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Choose carefully
Mix and match letters and numbers
Change passwords often
Remember your passwords!
Keep passwords confidential.
85
c)
i.
ii.
d)
i.
48c
Biometric Security
48d
Encryption
Technology that uses biological features, such as
face-scanning, iris scanning, and fingerprints to
verify authorization
Increasing implemented since 9-11.
Process converts data into indecipherable code to
protect sensitive information, such as credit card
numbers when making purchases on the Internet.
86