Introduction To Creation vs. Evolution Dr. Heinz Lycklama heinz@osta.com www.osta.com/messages @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 1 Creation vs. Evolution Science vs. Religion? Assumptions and the Search for Truth The Bible and Creation Science and Origin Models Assumptions and Model of Evolution Assumptions and Model of Creation Origins: Evolution or Creation? Origins and Meaning The Impact of Evolution Conclusions @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 2 Science vs. Religion? @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 3 To Begin the Discussion … • In 1903, a British philosopher, Herbert Spencer, made a profound scientific statement: “Everything in the universe can be explained by five basic things - space, matter, time, force, and action.” • Spencer, an evolutionist, was a contemporary of Charles Darwin, the British scientist credited with popularizing the concept of evolution. He (Spencer) was given a prestigious award by the British Science Society at the time. This was considered to be a major contribution to science. And it is, until you realize that … @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 4 What Does The 1st Bible Verse Say? Moses, under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, wrote in Gen. 1:1: “In the beginning (time) God (force) created (action) the heavens (space) and the earth (matter).” What makes this even more remarkable is the fact that Moses was educated in the tradition of the Egyptians. They believed that only the ocean existed at first. An egg/flower appeared and the sun god was born. The sun god had four children, of whom one was Geb (the earth). They believed that the earth was a flat disk afloat on the river of the ocean. None of this mythology of the time was included in the book of Genesis. @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 5 Some Common Misconceptions Skeptics and unbelievers think: Evolution is Science “The Bible is an antiquated religious book, filled with scientific fallacies and mistakes reflecting the naïve cosmology of the primitive tribes of the Near East.” Even some professing Christians think: “The Bible is a book of true religion dealing solely with spiritual subjects and that, where it seems to touch on matters of science and history, it must be interpreted spiritually or allegorically, rather than literally. @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama Creation is Religion 6 Conflict Between Worldviews Conflict between two worldviews Not between Science and Religion Between Naturalism and Supernaturalism God & science are not alternative explanations for reality Christianity has intellectual power Science is a weapon in a larger cultural war The question – is Christianity true? Not – is it helpful? Does science fit into this? Does “what you believe to be true” match reality? @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 7 The Arguments Separate because: [Materialist View] Science is based on evidence Faith where there is no evidence Rational vs. irrational Science deals with reality; Faith everything else Not separate because: [Christian View] God created the universe & the laws of nature Laws of nature make science possible Science and Faith/Christianity are complementary Science flourished because of Christianity @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 8 Assumptions and the Search for Truth @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 9 How Our Thought System Works Assumptions (held by faith) DATA Conclusions Logical thought is the means by which we draw conclusions from the facts/data after starting with certain assumptions. @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 10 Applying This Thinking to the Creation/Evolution Controversy Assumptions A Assumptions B DATA Conclusions A Conclusions B @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 11 The Impact of Assumptions Creator Can Act No Creator Allowed GODISNOWHERE GOD IS NOW HERE GOD IS NOWHERE @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 12 Two Thought Systems Creator Acted Supernatural origins Purpose/design Miracle Event Creation Creator Didn’t Act @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama Naturalistic origins Random chance Properties of matter Natural process Evolution 13 The Bible And Creation @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 14 Record of Creation (Gen. 1-11) Four major worldwide events have produced the world as we know it today: 1. 2. 3. 4. Six days of special creation and formation of all things [Gen. 1], the completion and permanence of which are now manifest in the Law of Conservation of Energy (the First Law of Thermodynamics): Gen. 2:1, “… were finished.” The rebellion of man and resultant curse of God on all man’s dominion [Gen. 3], manifest in the Law of Increasing Entropy [disorder] (the Second Law of Thermodynamics) Worldwide Flood in the days of Noah [Gen. 6-8], leaving the world largely under the domain of natural uniformity Tower of Babel [Gen. 11], resulting in the confusion of languages and the dispersion of people over all the earth @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 15 Creation of Distinct Kinds Gen. 1: 11(1), 12(2), 21(2), 24(2), 25(3) Ten major categories of organic life created “after its kind” Plant kingdom - grass, herbs, fruit trees Animal kingdom - sea monsters, other marine animals, birds, beasts, cattle, crawling animals Man “kind” One kind cannot transform itself into another kind Definite and distinct categories There is variation within a kind These “kinds” are still recognized today @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 16 Created in Six Days Gen. 2:1, “Thus the heavens and the earth, and all the host of them, were finished. And on the seventh day God ended His work which He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done.” Ex. 20:11, “For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, all that is in them, and rested the seventh day.” Ex. 31:17, “… for in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day …” @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 17 The Biblical Flood The destruction of the earth: Gen. 2:5, no rain before the flood Gen. 6:13, “... I am about to destroy them with the earth.” Gen. 7:11, fountains of the deep Gen. 7:12, forty day downpour Job 12:15, waters overturned the earth 30 references to “global” nature of flood in Gen. 6-9 @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 18 OT References to Creation Ex. 31:17 (Moses) “It is a sign between Me and the children of Israel forever, for in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth …” - six-day literal creation Josh. 24:2-4 (Joshua) “ … your fathers, including Terah, the father of Abraham and the father of Nahor, …” - accepts Gen. 11 account of Abraham’s ancestors II Kings 19:15 (Hezekiah) “You have made heaven and earth.” - speaks of creation 1 Chron. 1:1-28 “Adam, Seth, Enoch, …” - repeats genealogies of Gen. 5, 10, 11 Neh. 9:6 (Nehemiah) “You have made heaven, … the earth and everything on it, the seas and all that is in them, …” refers to creation @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 19 Christ Refers to Gen. 1-11 Matt. 19:4-5 “Have you not read that He who made them at the beginning made them male and female, and said ‘for this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife and the two shall become one flesh.” Doctrine of marriage refers to first two chapters of Genesis, Gen. 1:27 and Gen. 2:24 Mark 10:6 – “But from the beginning of the creation, God made them male and female …” Mark 13:19 - beginning of creation which God created @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 20 Jesus Is The Creator John 1:3 – “All things were made through Him, and without Him nothing was made that was made.” Col. 1:16,17 – “… All things were created through Him and for Him. And He is before all things, and in Him all things consist.” Eph. 3:9 – “… hidden in God who created all things through Jesus Christ.” Heb. 1:1-3 – “… through whom also He made the worlds.” @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 21 NT Writers’ References to Gen. 1-11 Rom. 5:12-19, “ … through one man sin entered into the world, and death …” Rom. 8:18-25 - effects of great curse on the earth 1 Cor. 11:7-12 - relationship between man, woman, creation and God 1 Cor. 15:21-22 – “as in Adam all die” 1 Cor. 15:45-46 – “the first man Adam became a living being” – reference to Gen. 2:7 2 Cor. 11:3 – “as the serpent deceived Eve” @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 22 NT References to the Flood Testimony of Christ and the NT writers Matt. 24:37, the days of Noah like those when Christ comes Matt. 24:39, the Flood took them all away Luke 17:26-27, the flood came and destroyed them all 1 Pet. 3:20; 2 Pet. 2:4-5; 3:5-6, the world at that time was destroyed, i.e. global Flood Heb. 11:7, he condemned the world @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 23 NT References to Gen. 1-11 Every NT writer refers to the early chapters of Genesis Jesus Christ referred to each of the first seven chapters of Genesis Almost all NT books have references to Gen. 1-11, especially Gen. 1-2 Every chapter of Genesis 1-11 except Gen. 8 is referred to somewhere in NT Every NT writer accepted these early chapters as historically accurate @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 24 Removing Genesis 1-11 Removes true history Removes the foundation from all future history Rejects the teachings of Peter, Paul, other Biblical writers, Christ Himself Eventually leads to apostasy @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 25 Conclusion Creation is an essential truth spoken of in the Bible Col. 2:8 “See to it that no one takes you captive through philosophy and empty deception, according to the tradition of men, according to the elementary principles of the world, rather than according to Christ.” @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 26 Science and Origin Models @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 27 What Is Science? “Science is the search for truth” “Operational” Science Postulate theory -> make observations -> prove/falsify theory Using the Scientific Method “Origins” Science Were you there at the beginning? Model of Creation Model of Evolution Which model fits the observed facts best? “Forensic” science @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 28 The Scientific Method 1. Define the problem • What do you want to know? (e.g. “Does music affect how plants grow?”) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Gather information on the subject Formulate a hypothesis Devise a way to test the hypothesis Observe the results of your test Report the results so others can repeat the test @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 29 Theory Criteria To apply scientific methodology, the theory must meet these criteria: Must be falsifiable or verifiable Must make quantifiable predictions Experimental results must be repeatable Must be as simplistic as possible with no unnecessary components (Occam’s Razor) Adherence to the methodology allows for selfcorrection and increases confidence in the assumptions made by scientific philosophy @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 30 Dealing With Origins Science “Science is the search for truth” Fact, law, theory, hypothesis, or model? Fact – proven to be true Law – no known exception Theory – testable, falsifiable, based on empirical findings Hypothesis – provisionally explains some facts Model – simplified representation of reality Which is Evolution? Creation? A Model – let’s see why … @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 31 Origins Can’t Be Tested or Proved Creation cannot be “proved” Not taking place now Not accessible to scientific proof Can’t devise experiment to describe creation process Evolution cannot be “proved” If it is taking place, operates too slowly to measure Transmutation would take millions of years The scientific method cannot be used to measure it Small variations in organisms (observed today) are not relevant Can’t be used to distinguish between Creation & Evolution @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 32 Scientific “Proofs” of Origin What we can test scientifically Observable/repeatable processes Trends/tendencies in nature Processes/events that left evidence What we cannot test scientifically Identity/motivation of who/whatever brought the universe and life into existence Historical events Morality Meaning @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 33 Present + Repeatable + Observable = SCIENCE Past + Non-Repeatable + Eyewitness Account = HISTORY Past + Non-Repeatable + No Eyewitnesses = BELIEF @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 34 Origins Models & Belief Systems Naturalism(Materialism) -> (Macro)Evolution Model Supernaturalism -> Creation Model Laws of nature can account for the origin of the universe & life on earth without the need for a Creator An intelligent being (God) created the universe & life on earth out of nothing Variations of “Creation” model Theistic Evolution Progressive Creation God could have used Evolution God intervened with new creations (e.g. man) over time Day-Age Theory Gap Theory @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 35 Assumptions and Model of Evolution @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 36 The Meaning of Evolution 1. Artificial Selection 2. Change 3. Small variation within prescribed limits of complexity e.g., finch beaks by mutation and natural selection Macro-Evolution 5. Evolution of a coastline (random) Evolution of a car (designed) Micro-Evolution 4. Plant and animal breeding Only 1, 2 and 3 have been observed 4 never observed! Particles -> people Molecular Evolution 5 is impossible! Origin of life – assumes a mutating replicator @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 37 Model of Evolution (Assumptions) @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 38 Model of Evolution (Assumptions) Claims about living organisms: Related through common ancestry Arose through mutations and natural selection By means of random chance processes of nature @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 39 Model of Evolution (Assumptions) Non-living things gave rise to living matter, i.e. spontaneous generation occurred once Viruses, bacteria, plants and animals are related Protozoa (single-celled life forms) gave rise to metazoa (multiple-celled life forms) Various invertebrate phyla are interrelated The invertebrates gave rise to vertebrates Within the vertebrates the fish gave rise to amphibia, the amphibia to reptiles, and the reptiles to birds and animals Man evolved from ape-like ancestor @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 40 The Mechanism Of Evolution Darwin was not the first to propose evolution, Lamarck and others had done it before him Darwin’s real contribution was a credible(?) mechanism for evolution - Natural Selection Natural selection is based on two points: The reproductive capacity of organisms exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment Variation in organisms makes survival a non-random event - some variants are more likely to survive in a given environment Of the excess products of organisms reproductive capacity the most fit survive - Survival of the fittest @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 41 Evolutionary “Tree of Life” Initial Disorganization with later increase in complexity and unlimited diversification Not just change, but change in the direction of increasing complexity T I M E Evolutionary “Tree” All life came from one simple cell @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 42 The Evolutionary View of History Most recent "big bang“ ~15 billion years ago Our Solar System, 5 billion years ago Single-celled organisms, 3 - 4 billion years ago Multi-celled organisms, 1 billion years ago Humankind, 1 - 3 million years ago Modern Civilization, 5 - 10 thousand years ago @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 43 Assumptions and Model of Creation @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 44 Model of Creation (Assumptions) The Bible is the inerrant Word of God God is Creator Man is created In God’s image – Gen. 1:26-27 Creation is dependent on God Man is fallen and dependent on God Creation and Science must be coherent and consistent Six days of Creation – Gen. 1:1 – 2:3; Ex. 20:11 Creatures created/reproduce after their kind – Gen. 1 (10 x) God reveals Himself in Scripture (Special Revelation) God reveals Himself in nature (General Revelation) Jesus and NT authors refer to Gen. 1-11 as history @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 45 Scientific Creationism God created everything in 6 days Fall of man and the resulting curse Space, matter, time Distinct “kinds” of living organisms Man in the image of God 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics The Flood was global Scientific evidence for Creation Design, order, natural laws The Anthropic Principle Catastrophism @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 46 Creationist “Forest of Life” (Kinds) Initial Complexity with later deterioration and diversification within limits T I M E Creationist “Forest” All life came from multiple complex ancestors. @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 47 Ages of the Cosmos According to the Bible: Creation of primeval earth – Gen. 1:1,31 [conservation of mass/energy] Curse imposed on earth – Gen. 3:17 [increased disorder or entropy] Catastrophic destruction of earth – Gen. 6:5 [worldwide flood] Catastrophic reconstruction of “good” earth – Rev. 20:2 [millennium] Curse removed from earth – Rev. 21:1 [new (renewed) earth] @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 48 Origins: Evolution Or Creation? @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 49 Models of Origins We can neither observe nor repeat “origins” Origins “theories” cannot be tested or proven We have two models (not theories) of origins Models can be compared as to their respective capacities for correlating observable data Evolutionists regard Evolution as “a proven fact” Creation and Evolution They believe that Evolutionism is science and that Creationism is religion Evolutionists are unable to prove Evolution Thousands of scientists believe in Creation @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 50 Two Models of Origins Evolution Model Creation Model Naturalistic Supernaturalistic Self-contained Externally directed Non-purposive Purposive Directional (increasing complexity) Directional (decreasing order) Irreversible Irreversible Universal Universal Uniformitarianism (the present is the key to the past) Completed, Catastrophism @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 51 Which Model Best Fits The Facts? Creation and Evolution are the only two models of origins Both models should be considered as equal alternatives and evaluated objectively in terms of their relative abilities to correlate and explain scientific data The model that incorporates the most data and has the smallest number of unresolved issues is the most likely to be true @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 52 Looking at the Scientific Evidence 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Origin of matter, energy and natural law Classification of biological organisms Mutations and natural selection Origin of man Origin of life (probability) The fossil record Origin of the solar system and planets Teleology – evidence for design @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 53 What About Evolution? A valid scientific hypothesis must be capable of being formulated experimentally, such that the experimental results either confirm or reject its validity No way to do this to find “the answer” for origins Dr. Heribert-Nilsson, Director of the Botanical Institute at Lund University, Sweden, concluded: “My attempt to demonstrate evolution by an experiment carried on for more than 40 years has completely failed. The idea of evolution rests on pure belief.” @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 54 Origins and Meaning @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 55 Why Does It Matter If We Were Created Or If We Evolved? How did I get here? Who am I? Why am I here? Where am I going? Meaning of anything is tied up with its origin: Human Origin – humans decide the meaning Divine Origin – God decides the meaning Unknown Origin – unknown meaning @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 56 Origins Found in Genesis 1-11 Heavenly Bodies The Earth Animal / Plant Life Human Life Law Marriage Sex Roles in the Family Childbearing Sin (need for Salvation) Forgiveness God as Provider of the Sacrifice Suffering and Death Clothing Work Crime & Punishment Freewill Offerings God’s Universal Judgment The Fossil Record The Rainbow Weather Patterns Change of Seasons Languages Agriculture Civilization @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 57 The Impact of Evolution @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 58 Setting The Stage Atheists/Evolutionists say “evolution is a fact, not a theory.” Atheists say man is the result of a purposeless and natural process (without him in mind). Atheists say science is the basic source of knowledge. The evils of evolution result from the rejection of God as Creator. @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 59 Evolution vs. Creation NOT Science vs. Religion But A War of Worldviews! @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 60 The Pervasive Influence “A person’s philosophy of origins will inevitably determine … what he believes concerning his destiny, and even what he believes about the meaning and purpose of his life and actions right now …” Morris (Creationist) “Evolution has an impact on every aspect of man’s thinking: his philosophy, his metaphysics, his ethics …” Ernst Mayr (Evolutionist) “Evolutionary theory has been enshrined as the centerpiece of our educational system, and elaborate walls have been erected around it to protect it from unnecessary abuse.” Jeremy Rifkin (Evolutionist) @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 61 Evolution Is At The Foundation "Evolution is at the foundation of communism, fascism, Freudianism, social darwinism, behaviorism, Kinseyism, materialism, atheism, and in the religious world, modernism and neo-orthodoxy" -Henry Morris 1963, Genesis Flood p. 24 @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 62 Quote From Secular Historian Humanist philosopher and historian Will Durant admitted: “By offering evolution in place of God as a cause of history, Darwin removed the theological basis of the moral code of Christendom. And the moral code that has no fear of God is very shaky. That’s the condition we are in. . . . I don’t think man is capable yet of managing social order and individual decency without fear of some supernatural being overlooking him and able to punish him.” @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 63 Quote from Dawkins (British evolutionist) Richard Dawkins: “It is absolutely safe to say that if you meet someone who claims not to believe in evolution, that person is ignorant, stupid or insane (or wicked, but I’d rather not consider that).” @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 64 What TV and Textbooks Show Us @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 65 What We Actually Find A bunch of jumbled up bone fragments that we put together and make up stories about! @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 66 Evolution is Everywhere! Taught in public schools and colleges Biology textbooks Library books Television shows about nature Natural history museums Movies Zoos National parks Popular magazines and newspapers @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 67 Key Influencers of Evolution Key influencers: The impact on our society is pervasive Charles Darwin, Herbert Spencer, Sigmund Freud Karl Marx, Adolf Hitler, Vladimer Lenin Friedrich Neitzsche, Ernst Haeckel John Dewey, Jean Paul Sartre Science, education, politics, religion, culture Secular humanism is a direct result of the philosophy of evolution The philosophy of evolution has led to many modern evils in our society @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 68 The Influence of Evolution One’s view of evolution DOES matter, as evidenced by the last 150 years Evolution is more than a biological or geological hypothesis Evolution is a world view! A person’s philosophy of origins will inevitably determine: His beliefs concerning his destiny His beliefs concerning the meaning and purpose of his life His actions in the present world @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 69 The Impact of Evolution Evolution is imposed on every area of our lives Church, theistic evolution, culture Morally, socially, mentally Evolution provides an “apparent” way for a man to escape his responsibility to God No judge before whom we must all appear Man is responsible only to himself Whatever helps evolution helps society @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 70 Results of Evolutionary Thought Cheapening of human life Unwarranted elevation of animal life Abortion, Euthanasia Animals should have human rights Overly zealous ecology movement Relativistic thinking Movement away from law based on Biblical concepts to popular will “Change” is the norm @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 71 Abortion and Evolution Embryo in womb goes through “stages of evolution” – called “embryonic recapitulation” by Ernst Haeckel, Women undergoing abortion are told that the embryo is only in the early stages of evolution (fish or animal) Late term abortions -> Infanticide -> euthanasia? @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 72 Which Foundation Will You Trust and Build On? @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 73 @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 74 If You Want To Kill a Tree … Go After The Roots, not the Branches! @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 75 Conclusions Jesus is our Creator AND Redeemer Creation is an essential truth of the Bible It does matter what you believe Defend your faith – 1 Pet. 3:15 Don’t be deceived – Col. 2:8 Col. 2:8 “See to it that no one takes you captive through philosophy and empty deception, according to the tradition of men, according to the elementary principles of the world, rather than according to Christ.” @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 76 More Information ICR – Institute for Creation Research Answers in Genesis www.creationresearch.org Publication of peer-reviewed creation articles Dr. Heinz Lycklama’s Lectures www.answersingenesis.org Books, seminars, articles on Creation Creation Research Society www.icr.org Acts and Facts articles on Creation www.osta.com/creation & www.osta.com/messages True Origin Archive www.trueorigin.org Exposing the myth of evolution @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 77 Thank you for your attention! Dr. Heinz Lycklama heinz@osta.com www.osta.com/creation www.osta.com/apologetics www.osta.com/messages @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 78 Creation Organizations ICR – Institute for Creation Research www.icr.org Books by Henry Morris (founder), e.g. The Genesis Flood The Genesis Record The Modern Creation Trilogy Acts and Facts articles on Creation Answers in Genesis www.answersingenesis.org Founded by Ken Ham Books, seminars, articles on Creation @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 79 Creation Organizations - 2 Creation Evidence Museum Creation Moments www.creationevidence.org Dinosaurs and human tracks www.creationmoments.com Radio spots Creation Research Society www.creationresearch.org Publication of peer-reviewed creation articles @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 80 Creation Organizations - 3 Center For Scientific Creation Creation Science Evangelism www.creationscience.com “In The Beginning” Book by Walt Brown, Ph.D. www.drdino.com Videos, seminars Discovery Institute www.discovery.org Intelligent Design “Think Tank” @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 81 Important Books The Genesis Record, Dr. Henry Morris The Genesis Flood, Dr. John Whitcomb & Dr. Henry Morris The Collapse of Evolution, Scott Huse The Lie: Evolution, Ken Ham Refuting Evolution, Dr. Jonathan Sarfati Evolution: The Fossils Still Say No!, Dr. Duane Gish Scientific Creationism, Dr. Henry Morris Dinosaurs by Design, Dr. Duane Gish Genetic Entropy & the Mystery of the Genome, Dr. J.C. Sanford @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 82 More Important Books The Young Earth, Dr. John Morris Science and the Bible, Dr. Henry Morris Tornado in a Junkyard, James Perloff In The Beginning, Dr. Walt Brown Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, Michael Denton Darwin on Trial, Dr. Phillip Johnson Darwin’s Black Box, Dr. Michael Behe Design Inference, Dr. William Dembski Icons of Evolution, Dr. Jonathan Wells @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 83 Yet More Important Books The Battle for the Beginning, Dr. John MacArthur Total Truth, Nancy Pearcey The Design Revolution, Dr. William Demski The Origin of Species Revisited, W. R. Bird It Matters What We Believe, Mike Riddle The Evolution of a Creationist, Jobe Martin Grand Canyon (a different view), Tom Vail In Six Days, Dr. John Ashton Starlight and Time, Dr. Russell Humphreys Starlight, Time and the New Physics, Dr. John Hartnett @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 84 Credits Dr. Duane Gish, ICR Dr. Russell Humphreys, ICR Dr. Ray Bohlin, Probe Ministries Dr. Tim Standish, University Professor Mike Riddle, AIG Origins Resource Association www.originsresource.org @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 85