KEAWE‘AIMOKU KAHOLOKULA, PHD
PROFESSOR & CHAIR OF NATIVE HAWAIIAN HEALTH
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA
Balancing Indigenous Worldviews with Global Perspectives
Hōkūle‘a Worldwide Voyage
POST-CONTACT HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: 1778 TO 1900
POST-CONTACT HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: 1900 TO PRESENT
Balancing Indigenous Worldviews
with Global Perspectives
King David Kalākaua
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(reign 1874 – 1891)
Circumnavigated the globe
Revived hula, lua, and other practices
Formed a Polynesian confederation
Bayonet Constitution
1974 – 2014: Kānaka Maoli Advancements
1974-1984 (2nd Hawaiian Renaissance)
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Hōkūle‘a and the return of our voyaging tradition
Protect Kaho‘olawe ‘Ohana (PKO) challenges U.S Navy
Proliferation of hula and mele Hawai‘i
Office of Hawaiian Affairs
Pūnana Leo
1984-1994
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Hawaiian immersion schools
E Ola Mau Report
Native Hawaiian Education and Healthcare Acts
Centennial of overthrow and Clinton’s Apology Resolution
1994-2004
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College enrollment grows by 20%
Hawaiian cultural-based charter schools
Lua revived
More voyaging canoes
2004-2014
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School of Hawaiian Knowledge
Sustainable ‘āina and moana based food production
Department of Native Hawaiian Health
Hōkūle‘a World Wide Voyage
Ali‘i Legacy
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Kamehameha Schools
Queen’s Healthcare System
Queen Lili‘uokalani Children’s Center
Lunalilo Homes for Kūpuna
Kānaka Maoli Population Projections to 2050
1980 to 2014
• 28% increase
2014 to 2040
• 53% increase
1974 – 2014: Kānaka Maoli Challenges
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Threats of lawsuits against Kānaka
Maoli institutions
Dismantling of Kānaka Maoli federal
legislation by Republican Party
No consensus on self-determination
among Kānaka Maoli
Increase U.S. Nationalism among
other Hawai‘i ethnic groups and
adoption of an “individualistic”
worldview
“Big Business” influence in Hawai‘i
and gentrification
Kū i ka Pono (Justice for Hawaiians) protest march held on September
7, 2003 in response to attacks on Hawaiian rights and institutions.
Lessons Learned
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Pōʻaiapili – re-contextualizing values and practices
Ho‘omana – re-empowering values and perspectives
Naʻauao ʻike mua – re-visionary leadership
‘Onipa‘a pū – re-solute action
Nā Pou Kihi
Determinants of Kānaka Maoli Health
Kānaka Maoli Future 2040
Assets
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Indigenous values and practices and sustainable resource management
Ali‘i Trusts & Office of Hawaiian Affairs ($12 billion in assets)
Fastest growing population (nearly 1 million strong)
Growing number of professionals and academics
Representation across all sectors of society
Opportunities
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Economic
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Education
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Achieved equity across the diverse workforce
Livable wages are realized
Housing
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University of Hawai‘i becomes an indigenous serving institution
Hawaiian cultural-based schools are the norm not the exception
Workforce
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Leveraging of Ali‘i Trust and OHA assets toward a collective plan for Kānaka Maoli development
Control of tourism and natural resources
Native Hawaiian Homestead communities become a model for the development of healthy communities
Politics
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Increase Kānaka Maoli population creates needed critical mass to influence political priorities and decisions
Political decisions based on Kānaka Maoli value system
Mahalo Nui
• Hui Taumata
• Professor Emeritus Sir Mason Durie
• Associate Professor Te Kani Kingi