Stage 9 Review
Note to all of you: This review is just that: a review. The questions here might be on the test as they
are here or in a different form (as in, what might be in multiple choice here could be in true or false
on the test). Use this as practice test. But of course, a practice test with your notes and a book…
Reading Comprehension
In this section of the test, you’re given a short story to read in Latin. Feel free to translate sentences
on the test but you will not be asked to translate. Instead, you will be asked questions regarding the
events of the story and then a few questions on grammar. Keep in mind that on the test, the
questions will be multiple choice. This story is taken from the previous stage’s test.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
pugnax erat gladiator notissimus. mercator Graecus iuvenem cepit et
eum in foro Pompeiano vendidit. Pugnax tamen de vita non desperabat
quod erat fortis. lanista, qui multos gladiators habebat, Pugnacem emit.
cotidie ille homo insanus eum verberabat, postquam alius gladiator
Pugnacem superavit. pugnax tamen non erat perterritus.
tandem magnus dies advenit hodie dives senator magnum
spectaculum in amphitheatre edebat. omnes Pompeiani errant otiosi, et
cives caveam complebant multi Pompeiani aderant – senatores, senes,
iuvenes, feminae, puellae et pueri.
postquam tuba sonuit, murmillones pugnam commiserunt tum
nuntius aliam pugnam nuntiavit, et Pugnax arenam fortiter intravit. duos
retiarios facile superavit, et turba commota mortem poscebat. Pugnax
erat laetissimus, et retiarios facile interfecit. sed leonem ingentem in
amphitheatro non vidit. leo rudivit. subito leo impetum fecit. eheu! victor
pugnax erat mortuus. saepe nunc Pompeiani umbram mirabilem in via et
in arena vident.
Words and Phrases
eum – him
de vita … desperabat – was desperate about his life
lanista – gladiator trainer
qui – who
cotidie – every day ille homo – that man
insanus – insane
verberabat – was beating alius – another
tandem – at last magnus dies – big day
advenit – arrived dives – rich edebat – was presenting otiosi – at leisure
cives – citizens
caveam – seating area
complebant – were filling up
pugnam commiserunt – began the fight
fortiter – bravely commota – moved
poscebat – was demanding
interfecit – killed rudivit – roared impetum fecit - attacked
1. Who was Pugnax? Why was his name a good descriptor of his character? (think of its Latin
definition)
Pugnax was a gladiator and his name was a good descriptor because his name means “fight”,
which is essentially what he does.
2. Who seized Pugnax? What did that person do to Pugnax afterwards?
A Greek merchant took Pugnax and sold him afterwords.
3. Pugnax wasn’t worry about what was happening because he was….
a. an optimist
b. too dumb to worry
c. brave
4. Circle whether or not this sentence is true or false. If it is false, change it so that it would
become true.
Verum /
Falsum
The Nucerians were putting on a great show in the amphitheater.
5. What type of fighters did Pugnax go up against? What did the crowd want at their defeat?
He went up against the Retiarii (net-fighters). The crowd wanted their death at their defeat.
6. Who killed Pugnax? Where do Pompeians sometimes see the ghost of Pugnax?
Puganx was killed by a lion. Pompeians sometimes see his ghost in the arena.
Grammar
Identify the following grammar/structure items based on the content of the above story.
7. In line 1, the declension of gladiator is 3rd declension.
8. In line 1, notissimus is a superlative adjective.
9. In line 1, the tense of cepit is perfect.
10. In line 2, the subject of vendidit is Greek merchant (Mercator Graecus).
11. In line 3, the tense of erat is imperfect.
12. In line 4, insanus is a positive adjective.
13. In line 5, the declension of Pugnacem is 3rd declension.
14. In line 7, the declension of Pompeiani is 2nd declension.
15. In line 9, the declension of feminae is 1st declension.
16. In line 12, the part of speech of facile is adverb.
Nouns – Cases
Identify the case and number (singular/plural) of the underlined nouns and then translate.
Remember: case = nominative, dative, accusative
17. agricola gladiatores laudavit.
Accusative plural
The farmer praised the gladiators.
18. agricola gladiatores laudavit.
Nominative singular
The farmer praised the gladiators.
19. venalicius servos in foro vendidit.
Accusative plural
The slave dealer sells/sold servants in the forum.
20. senes spectaculum spectant.
Nominative plural
The old men are watching the spectacle/show.
21. puella gladiatoribus tunicas dedit.
Dative plural
The girl gave togas to the gladiators.
22. servi feminae stolas ostendebant.
Dative singular
The servants/slaves were showing the stolas to the woman.
23. centurio venalicio gladium offerebat. Nominative singular
The centurion (Roman soldier) was offering a sword to the slave dealer.
24. canis servis signum dedit.
Accusative singular
The dog gave a sign to the servants.
Datives v. Accusatives
Translate the underlined word into its correct Latin form.
Hint: the underlined words are either the direct or the indirect object of the sentence.
25. poeta to the spectators fabulam narravit. (spectator)
spectatoribus
26. dominus to Melissa pecuniam dat.
(Melissa)
Melissae
27. coquus tibi food dedit.
(cibus)
cibum
28. mercator gladiatori tunics vendit.
(tunica)
tunicas
29. ancilla to Quintus vinum dat.
(Quintus)
Quinto
30. Marcellus to the women tunicas vendit.
(femina)
feminis
31. servus pueris discus tradidit.
(discus)
discum
32.
coquus for the youths cenam coquit.
(iuvenis)
iuvenibus
33.
Melissa for the girl donum emit.
(puella)
puellae
34.
athleta mihi money dedit.
(pecunia)
pecuniam
What do these cases do?
nominative
dative
accusative
Match the correct purpose to its case name.
c
b
a
a. direct object of the sentence
b. indirect object of the sentence – “to”, “for”
c. subject of the sentence
English Identification
Can you identify what the nominative, dative, and accusative cases are in English?
Not all nouns will have cases at the moment. You currently only know 3 out of the 5 cases.
Example:
James gave a rose to Hannah from the garden of his mother.
nominative accusative dative
Luke fed cheese puffs of his brother to Palm from his highchair.
N
A
D
Jack kicked Palm’s soccer ball to Luke with his left foot.
N
Endings
A
D
Fill in the chart as best as you can.
1f
2m
2n
3mf
3n
nominative
a
us
um
**
**
dative
ae
o
o
i
i
accusative
am
um
um
em
**
nominative
ae
i
a
es
a
dative
is
is
is
ibus
ibus
accusative
as
os
a
es
a
For the following words, decline each in the dative case. Make sure you make both the singular and
plural forms.
Dative singular
Dative plural
Declension #
1. scaena, scaenae
scaenae
scaenis
1
2. dominus, domini
domino
dominis
2
3. mendax, mendacis
mendaci
mendacem
3
4. civis, civis
civi
civibus
3
5. toga, togae
togae
togis
1