4G Technology
Presented
By Nithin Raj
4G Definition

4G is not one defined technology or
standard, but rather a collection of
technologies at creating fully packetswitched networks optimized for data.

4G Networks are projected to provide
speed of 100Mbps while moving and
1Gbps while stationary.
0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)

At the end of the 1940’s, the first radio telephone
service was introduced, and was designed to
users in cars to the public land-line based
telephone network.

In the 1960’s, a system launched by Bell
Systems, called, Improved Mobile Telephone
Service (IMTS), brought quite a few improvements
such as direct dialing and more bandwidth. The
very first analog systems were based upon IMTS
and were created in the late 60s and early 70s.
1G Technology

1G refers to the first-generation of
wireless telephone technology was
developed in 1970’s.

1G had two major improvements:



the invention of the microprocessor
the digital transform of the control link
between the phone and the cell site.
Analog signal
2G Technology

Around 1980’s

Better quality & capacity - More people
could use there phones at the same
time

Digital Signals – consist of 0’s & 1’s
Previous Technology - 2G


Digital – consist of 0’s and 1’s
Digital signal:
1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge
and 4.Falling edge

Previous Technology - 2G
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Digital data can be compressed and
multiplexed much more effectively than analog
voice encodings
Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals
or digital data streams are combined into one
signal
For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth maximum
is 9.6 Kbit/sec, (I.E) approximately 6 times
slower than an ISDN
Previous Technology - 2G

Allows for lower powered radio signals that
require less battery

Power–CODEC introduction -program that
encodes and decodes digital data stream or
signal

Translates data from digital to analog and
vice versa
Previous Technology - 2G
Advantages in Previous
Technology - 2G

The digital voice encoding allows digital
error checking



increase sound quality
lowers the noise level
Going all-digital allowed for the
introduction of digital data transfer


SMS –“short message service”
E-mail
Disadvantages in Previous
Technology - 2G

Cell towers had a limited coverage
area

Jagged Decay curve



Abrupt dropped calls
Analog –gradual sound reduction
“Spotty” coverage
3G Technology

Large capacity and broadband capabilities

Allows the transmission of 384kbps for
mobile systems and up to 2Mbps

Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz


A greater number of users that can be
simultaneously supported by a radio frequency
bandwidth
High data rates at lower incremental cost than
2G–Global roaming
Previous Technology - 3G

CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access

Form of multiplexing

Does not divide up the channel by time or
frequency

Encodes data with a special code
associated with each channel
Code Division Multiple Access
Types of Multiplexing

FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple
Access

Each phone call is allocated one
frequency for the entire duration of the
call
Types of Multiplexing

TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access

Each phone call is allocated a spot in the
frequency for a small amount of time, and
"takes turns" being transmitted
Types of Multiplexing

CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access

Each phone call is uniquely encoded and
transmitted across the entire spectrum, in
a manner known as spread spectrum
transmission
Reasons for New Research

Even though 3G has successfully been
introduced to mobile users, there are some
issues that are debated by 3G providers and
users.
 High input fees for the 3G service licenses

Great differences in the licensing terms

3G phones are expensive
Fourth Generation
What is 4G?

Fourth Generation Technology










Faster and more reliable
100 Mb/s
Lower cost than previous generations
Multi-standard wireless system
Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless
Ad Hoc Networking
IPv6 Core
OFDM used instead of CDMA
Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n
Most information is proprietary
Communications Architecture


Broadcast layer:
 fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower
connected by fiber, microwave, or
satellite (ISP)
Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer:
 wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbuck’s)
Communications Architecture

Personal Layer Gateway:


Info-Sensor layer:


devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone,
fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs
environmental sensors
Fiber-optic wire layer:

high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic
cables and repeaters
Ad Hoc Networks

Spontaneous self
organization of networks
of devices

Not necessarily connected
to internet

4G will create hybrid
wireless networks using
Ad Hoc networks

Form of mesh
networking–Very reliable
Enhance Mobile Gaming

Experience enhance wireless capabilities
that deliver mobile gaming interaction
with less than five seconds

Play online multi player games while
traveling at high speeds or sitting outside
Broadband access in Remote
location

4G will provide a wireless alternative
for broadband access

I will provide first opportunity for
broadband access in remote locations
without an infrastructure to support
cable or DSL access.
Thanking You