Hello,I am Francis. I will
introduce the morphology of
Molluscs Echinoderms and
Chordates to you !!
Mammal
Bird
Fish
Reptile
Amphibian
Echinodermata
Molluscs
Starfish
Tapering arm
Mouth
Closed picture of starfish
•Has many short,hard and blunt spines
•Has eyespot for sensation of light
Structure of starfish
Adaptive features
Organisation
Gaseous exchange
Radial symmetry, triploblastic,
unsegmented
Gill (papulae) between spines
Nutrition
Mouth stomach digest externally
Support
Water vascular system, madreporite
Fertilization
External fertilization
Embryo develop
External
Movement
Tube feet link to w.v.s.
Special features
Tentacle and eyespot, pedicellariae
Morphology of the starfish
Molusca
Bivalve Shell Morphology
• Bilateral symmetrical
• Have gill
• With hard shell
• With foot
Internal structure of Oyster
Chiton
Cuttlefish
Snail
Adaptive features
Gaseous exchange Mantle or gill
Nutrition
Support
Filter feeding or mouth or radula
or sucker on tentacle
Shell or water
Fertilization
Internal or external
Embryo develop
external
Movement
Adductor muscle or tentacle
Special features
Cuttlefish with modern eye
More…
Adaptive features
Gaseous exchange Gill
Nutrition
Mouth with teeth
Support
Cartilage or bone
Fertilization
External
Embryo develop
External
Movement
Fins
Special features
Lateral line, wet mucus scales
gills on this great white
shark can be seen as
vertical slits on the
shark's side.
Gill of fish
Fishes undergo gaseous
exchange by
respiration with gills
Swimming bladder
Function??
- assist to supply extra oxygen to fish
living stagnant water
Function:
Serves as a “distance
touch”in water for
detecting and locating
objects and moving
animals
Morphology of fish
GiantMonkeyTree
Frog
Salamander
Web hand digit
Function???
• Provide large surface Then?
• Help to push against water when
swimming
• Streamlined body
• Skin with mucus
• With webs
• Lung,skin and buccal
surface for respiration
Skeleton of amphibians
•
both bony and cartilaginous
components in different ratio
(depends on strength required for
locomotion)
Adaptive features
Gaseous exchange Skin lung gill and buccal cavity
Nutrition
Mouth
Support
Bone
Fertilization
External
Embryo develop
External
Movement
Tail or leg
Special features
Metamorphoses, 3 chambers heart,
Naked wet skin
• have
• more
a largely cartilaginous skeleton
rigid and bony to withstand the
impact of jumping and landing
Generalized Anatomy of a
Reptile
• Nearly all reptiles have threechambered hearts
• Crocodilians have fourchambered hearts.
Morganucodon
Characteristics of reptile
• most lack external ears
• breathe with lungs
• Dry and tough skin
• have backbones or spinal columns.
Except for snakes
• covered with scales
Skeletal Features
All reptiles have backbones or
spinal columns. Except for
snakes, reptiles have paired
limbs that typically end in fiveclawed fingers or toes. Most
reptiles have a pelvis that is
associated with at least two
spinal bones.
Heat Location With Pit Organs
Adaptive features
Gaseous exchange Lung
Nutrition
Mouth
Support
Bone
Fertilization
Internal
Embryo develop
External - lay egg
Movement
Tail, leg
Special features
Dry scale, 3,4 chambers heart
• sight is important for hunting
• Some organisms like bat,eyes have
been lost or have become greatly
reduced
• Amphibians are very susceptible to
temperature and pressure change
Different styles of foot
Adaptive features
Gaseous exchange Lung and air sac
Nutrition
Beak
Support
Hollow bone
Fertilization
internal
Embryo develop
Egg external
Movement
Wing with feather to fly, walk
Special features
Wing, beak, feather, scale on leg
• with feathers and wings
• have four-chambered hearts
• warm-blooded
• feathers are waterproof
Adaptive features
Gaseous exchange lung
Nutrition
Mouth with incisor, canine, molar
Support
bone
Fertilization
internal
Embryo develop
internal
Movement
Wing in bat, legs
Special features
Fur, hair, parental care
Characteristics of mammal
–Large
brain
Characteristics of mammal
• Covered with hair
• Respiration by lung
• Usually with 4 limbs
• Internal fertilization
classification
Game