Time periods in context
•
•
•
•
•
Renaissance 1450 -1600
Baroque period 1600-1750
Classical period 1760 – 1810
Romantic period 1810 -1910
“20th Century” music up to the
present day
Renaissance 1450 -1600
• Studied at Higher level
• When Music gradually evolved
from Modal to modern tonality
Baroque period 16001750
• Birth of Opera
• Orchestral music
• Invention of violin and modern string
family
• Counterpoint (Polyphony)
• The Harpsichord is King
• Birth of Concerto
• Composers:
• Bach
• Handel
• Vivaldi
Classical period
1760 -1810
Classical Period
• Concerto and opera continue
• New forms
• Symphony
• Sonata
• New Instruments
• Piano takes over from harpsichord
• Clarinet becomes part of the orchestra
• Composers:
• Haydn 1732 -1809
• Mozart 1756 -1791
Chamber music
• Music to be played in a room
rather than a concert hall
• Solo or small numbers of
instruments e.g. Piano sonata or
string quartet
Chamber music
• Piano sonata
• Sonata is framework/ plan for most
non vocal music in Classical music
• 3 or 4 movements
•
•
•
•
Fast
Slow
(optional dance like minuet)
Fast
• Mozart K545
Mozart Piano Sonata in
C K545
• Points to look for:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Light texture
Alberti bass
Broken chords
Arpeggio
Ornaments – trills and grace notes
Modulation
Cadences
Mozart Piano Sonata in
C K545
Key signatures reminder
• “That’s Sharp!”
• “For Flat!”
• “I can’t
any sharps!”
String Quartet
• The string quartet consists of 4
parts/ instruments:
•
•
•
•
Violin 1
Violin 2
Viola
Cello
• The sound is visceral, expressive
and the timbre hard-edged because
only one instrument is playing each
part
String orchestra
• A string orchestra consists of just string
instruments. There are 5 main sections
• Each of these 5 parts play in unison
• Both the overall effect is of lush harmony
•
•
•
•
•
Violin 1 (First violins)
Violin 2 (second Violins)
Violas
Cellos
Double basses
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
• This music is in 3 movements
• Allegro
• Andante
• Presto
• The first movement is in Sonata form:
• Exposition
• Two themes/keys are stated
• Development
• The themes are developed by being broken up or
turned upside down played in different keys
• Recapitulation
• The themes are stated again in their original form but
both in the home key of the movement
1. Describe violin 1 part on bar
1 beat 1 Double stopping
2. Describe melody at bar 2
Broken Chord
Fanfare
3. What is
the name of the
ornament here?
trill
4. Last two bars line 4
describe rhythm
dotted
5. Describe rhythm
syncopated
6. Staccato A -what is this
called?
(inverted) pedal
7. Describe melody
Sequence
Concepts check
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Alberti bass
• Broken chord
accompaniment
Broken chords
• Chord notes played
separately
Arpeggio
• Broken chord spanning an
octave
Relative minor
• Minor key that shares same
key signature as a major key
Sequence
• Repeating pattern which
ascends or descends
Fanfare
• Call to attention usually in
unison and using arpeggios
Double stopping
• Playing two strings with the
bow at once
•
Staccato
•
Legato
•
Crescendo
•
Diminuendo
•
Pedal
•
Inverted pedal
•
Countermelody
•
Descant
• Short and detached
• smoothly
• Getting louder
• Getting softer
• Held or repeating note
above which chords
change
• Pedal note is at the top
• Tune which goes along
with the main one in
harmony
• Countermelody above the
main tune