A= American revolution
The situation in which I now stand for the last time, in the
midst of the representatives of the people of the United
States, naturally recalls the period when the
administration of the present form of government
commenced, and I can not omit the occasion to
congratulate you and my country on the success of the
experiment, nor to repeat my fervent supplications to the
Supreme Ruler of the Universe and Sovereign Arbiter of
Nations that His providential care may still be extended to
the United States, that the virtue and happiness of the
people may be preserved, and that the Government
which they have instituted for the protection of their
liberties may be perpetual."
B=boycott
- In July, the Sons of Liberty, an
underground organization opposed to
the Stamp Act, is formed in a number of
colonial towns. Its members use violence
and intimidation to eventually force all of
the British stamp agents to resign and
also stop many American merchants
from ordering British trade goods.
C=CIVAL WAR
The American Civil War (1861–1865) was a civil war in the
United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states
declared their secession from the United States and formed
the Confederate States of America, also known as "the
Confederacy". Led by Jefferson Davis,
D=Democratic Republicans
The Democratic-Republican Party or Republican
Party was an American political party founded in the
early 1790s by Thomas Jefferson and James
Madison. Political scientists use the former name,
while historians prefer the latter one;
contemporaries generally called the party the
"Republicans", along with many other names.
E=Emancipation
proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation is an executive
order issued by United States President
Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the
American Civil War under his war powers. It
proclaimed the freedom of 3.1 million of the
nation's 4 million slaves, and immediately freed
50,000 of them, with the rest freed as Union
armies advanced.
F=FORT SUMPTER
Named after General Thomas Sumter,
Revolutionary War hero, Fort Sumter was built
following the War of 1812, as one of a series of
fortifications on the southern U.S. coast.
Construction began in 1827, and the structure
was still unfinished in 1861, when the Civil War
began. Seventy thousand tons of granite were
imported from New England to build up a
sandbar in the entrance to Charleston Harbor,
which the site dominates
G= Gettysburg address
The Gettysburg Address is a speech by U.S. President Abraham
Lincoln and is one of the best-known speeches in United States
history.It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War, on
the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863, at the dedication of
the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, four
and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the
Confederacy at the decisive Battle of Gettysburg.
Abraham Lincoln's carefully crafted address, secondary to other
presentations that day, came to be regarded as one of the greatest
speeches in American history. In just over two minutes, Lincoln
invoked the principles of human equality espoused by the
Declaration of Independence and redefined the Civil War as a
struggle not merely for the Union, but as "a new birth of freedom"
that would bring true equality to all of its citizens, and that would
also create a unified nation in which states' rights were no longer
H=House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses was the first
assembly of elected representatives of
English colonists in North America. The
House was established by the Virginia
Company, who created the body as
part of an effort to encourage English
craftsmen to settle in North America.
Its first meeting was held in
Jamestown, Virginia, on July 30, 1619.
I =INDIAN OCEAN
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the
world's oceanic divisions, covering
approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's
surface. It is bounded on the north by the
Indian subcontinent; on the west by East
Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunday
Islands, and Australia; and on the south by the
Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition,
by Antarctica). The ocean is named after the
geographic location called India.
j= July 4,1776
Independence Day, commonly known as the Fourth of July, is a
federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of
the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring
independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain. Independence
Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues,
carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions,
political speeches and ceremonies, and various other public and
private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of
the United States. Independence Day is the national day of the
United States
K=king George the III
King George III was born in June 4, 1738. He was
the oldest son of Fredrick, the Prince of Wales,
and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. He became
heir to the throne on the death of his father in
1751, succeeding his grandfather, George II, in
1760.
L= lexigton&concord
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first
military engagements of the American revolution War
They were fought on April 19, 1775, in Middlesex
Country, province of Massachusetts bay, within the
towns of Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Memory
(present-day Arlington), and Cambridge, near Boston.
The battles marked the outbreak of open armed
conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and its
thirteen colonies in the mainland of British north
America
M=magna carta
Magna Carta is an English charter, originally issued
in the year 1215 and reissued later in the 13th
century in modified versions, which included the
most direct challenges to the monarch's authority
to date. The charter first passed into law in 1225.
The 1297 version, with the long title (originally in
Latin) The Great Charter of the Liberties of
England, and of the Liberties of the Forest, still
remains on the statute books of England and Wales
N=new England
colonies
New Hampshire was first founded in 1623
by Pilgrims from England and was one of the
first original 13 colonies. Pilgrims came to
New Hampshire for religious freedom and
starting their lives over. One of the ships
which brought the pilgrims to New
Hampshire was called The Jonathan. The
Jonathan’s passengers were 10 white male
pilgrims. Three years later more pilgrims
came to New Hampshire and began to settle
there
O= organ trail
The Oregon Trail was much more than a
pathway to the state of Oregon; it was the only
practical corridor to the entire western United
States. The places we now know as
Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Idaho
and Utah would probably not be a part of the
United States today were it not for the Oregon
Trail. That's because the Trail was the only
feasible way for settlers to get across the
mountains
P= Paul revere
Born in Boston's North End in
December, 1734, Paul Revere was
the son of Apollo's Rivoire, a French
Huguenot (Protestant) immigrant,
and Deborah Hichborn, daughter of
a local artisan family. Rivoire, who
changed his name to Paul Revere
some time after immigrating, was a
goldsmith and eventually the head
of a large household. Paul Revere
was the second of at least 9,
possibly as many as 12 children and
the eldest surviving son.
Q=quartering act
In March 1765, Parliament passed the Quartering
Act to address the practical concerns of such a
troop deployment. Under the terms of this
legislation, each colonial assembly was directed
to provide for the basic needs of soldiers
stationed within its borders. Specified items
included bedding, cooking utensils, firewood,
beer or cider and candles. This law was expanded
in 1766 and required the assemblies to billet
soldiers in taverns and unoccupied houses.
R= Robert E.lee
The idol of the South to this day, Virginian Robert E. Lee
had some difficulty in adjusting to the new form of
warfare that unfolded with the Civil war, but this did not
prevent him from keeping the Union armies in Virginia
at bay for almost three years. The son of Revolutionary
War hero "Light Horse" Harry Lee-who fell into
disrepute in his later years attended West Point and
graduated second in his class. During his four years at
the military academy he did not earn a single demerit
and served as the cadet corps' adjutant. Upon his 1829
graduation he was posted to the engineers. Before the
Mexican War he served on engineering projects in
Georgia,
S=stamp act
AN ACT for granting and applying certain stamp
duties, and other duties, in the British colonies and
plantations in America, towards further defraying the
expenses of defending, protecting, and securing the
same; and for amending such parts of the several acts
of parliament relating to the trade and revenues of
the said colonies and plantations, as direct the
manner of determining and recovering the penalties
and forfeitures therein mentioned.
T= Thomas pain
On January 29, 1737, Thomas Paine was born in
Thetford, England. His father, a corseted, had grand
visions for his son, but by the age of 12, Thomas had
failed out of school. The young Paine began
apprenticing for his father, but again, he failed. So, now
age 19, Paine went to sea. This adventure didn't last
too long, and by 1768 he found himself as an excise
(tax) officer in England. Thomas didn't exactly excel at
the role, getting discharged from his post twice in four
years, but as an inkling of what was to come, he
published The Case of the Officers of Excise (1772),
arguing for a pay raise for officers
U= Ulysses grant
Hiram Ulysses Grant. It is frequently
said that Grant's middle name was
"Simpson." It was not. His middle name
was "Ulysses" and he admitted that the
"S" in his name stood for nothing
V=Virginia Company of London
The London Company (also called
the Charter of the Virginia
Company of London)
The War of 1812 was fought between the
United States and Great Britain from June
1812 to the spring of 1815, although the
peace treaty ending the war was signed in
Europe in December 1814. The main land
fighting of the war occurred along the
Canadian border, in the Chesapeake Bay
region, and along the Gulf of Mexico;
extensive action also took place at sea
X=xyz affair
The XYZ Affair was a
diplomatic event that strained
relations between France and
the United States
Y= Yorktown
On October 19, 1781, a British army under
General Cornwallis was forced to surrender
to General Washington’s combined American
and French army. Upon hearing of their
defeat, British Prime Minister Frederick Lord
North is reputed to have said, "Oh God, it's
all over." And it was. The victory secured
independence for the United States and
significantly changed the course of world
history
Z= Zachery Taylor
Northerners and Southerners disputed
sharply whether the territories
wrested from Mexico should be
opened to slavery, and some
Southerners even threatened
secession. Standing firm, Zachary
Taylor was prepared to hold the Union
together by armed force rather than
by compromise