OECD data collection activities
UNCEEA meeting
New York, 24-26 June 2015
Myriam Linster, OECD
Environment Directorate
OECD data collection activities
Several interrelated work streams
• Environment
• Environmental data and indicators
• Database on policy instruments
• Green growth: indicators and database
• Environmental accounting – SEEA implementation
• Sectoral
• Agriculture: statistics, agri-environmental indicators, GG indicators
• Energy: statistics, balances, outlooks, efficiency indicators
• Transport: statistics, indicators, outlooks
• Regional and territorial
• Use in policy analysis and country studies
• Characteristics
• Closeness to policy demands and information needs
• Pragmatic and flexible approach, voluntary reporting
• Global coherence: international cooperation and joint work
2
Overview of indicator architecture and
foundations
Measuring well-being and the progress of societies – GDP and beyond
UN SDGs
UNEP, WB
UNECE
Better life initiative
• Better life index
• How’s life?
• Income inequality
Monitoring progress towards Green Growth
Socio-economic
& growth
characteristics
Environmental
and resource
productivity
Natural
asset
base
Environmental
quality of life
Economic
opportunities
and policies
Review & selection:
•Policy relevance
•Analytical soundness
•Measurability
GGKP
EU
National
indicators
SEEA
OECD indicators and statistical databases
IGOs
Energy
Development aid
Economic performance
Environmental
Science &Technology
Employment
National accounts
performance
Innovation
Agriculture
Investment
Education
Productivity
Resource productivity
Entrepreneurship
Transport
Trade
Member
countries
3
OECD environmental data
Several data sources and compilation channels
• Data collection from countries: ministries, agencies, NSOs
• State of the environment questionnaire (regular since 1977-1982)
• SEEA core tables: air emissions, natural assets (work in progress)
• Country environmental performance reviews: additional data, country
specific
• Database on instruments for environmental policy and resource
management
• Data compilation from other OECD and international
sources
•
•
•
•
•
•
OECD: Energy, transport, agriculture, industry, …
Convention Secretariats: UNFCCC, Basel, CLRTAP, ….
UN agencies: UNEP, UNSD, UNECE, FAO, …
World Bank
Eurostat, EEA
Other: research institutes, NGOs
4
OECD environmental data
State of the environment questionnaire (1)
• Major tool for harmonised collection at international level
 OECD Core set of environmental data
– Regular revisions to align with policy needs and international
statistical developments
• International co-operation and joint work
– Joint work with Eurostat, data exchange & validation arrangements
– Close cooperation with UNSD and UNEP: water, waste
– Cooperation with EEA, Convention Secretariats, etc.
• Holistic approach  PSR model
• Nine sections
– Air, inland waters, marine environment, land, forest, wild life,
waste, noise, expenditure and revenues
– Several tables based on accounting concepts
5
OECD environmental data
State of the environment questionnaire (2)
• Regular data collection and treatment
– Every two years for 3 sections (full details):
inland waters, waste, expenditure
• For EU countries via Eurostat platform
– Annual quality assurance of environmental reference data
• Subset needed to calculate key environmental indicators
• Air and GHG emissions, water resources and abstraction, forest
resources, waste water treatment connection rates, municipal waste,
threatened species
• Submitted to countries for validation, updating, documentation,
interpretation
– Other questionnaire sections
• Used on an ad-hoc basis
• Data taken from other international data sources
– Regular use of prefilling
6
OECD Environmental data
Data collection and treatment
OECD Member & Partner countries
DATA SOURCES AND
OTHER INPUTS
International work on classifications, methodologies, ...
non-OECD
countries
UNSD-UNEP
EU Member &
Accession
States
EEA, DGENV
Eurostat
Questionnaire
on the state of
the environment
(joint with Eurostat)
Pre-filling
SEEA TF
Air emissions,
natural assets
Other national
data sources
Other OECD and
International data
sources
Pre-filling
Data exchange and validation
Data treatment &
quality assurance
Data harmonisation
OECD Core Set of Environmental Data
Data analysis
PUBLICATIONS AND
OTHER OUTPUTS
Production of:
Data Compendium
Indicators
Country profiles
Data interpretation
Use in:
Policy analysis
Country studies
Environmental Performance Reviews
Online
access
OECD.stat
Environmental data collection
International cooperation
Other countries
OECD Member
& Partner countries
UNSD/
UNEP
OECD
EU Member &
Partner countries
Eurostat
(EEA)
OECD/Eurostat questionnaire on the state
of the environment
UNSD-UNEP
questionnaire
(water, waste)
Reference data: annual
quality assurance
Additional tables
Legal reporting
obligations
Other
8
Agri-environmental indicators
• Regular updating decided
• Data compilation
– From existing sources (Eurostat for EU countries, FAO)
complemented with data collection from non-EU countries when
needed
– Validation by countries before release
– Priority areas
• Nutrient balances
• Water abstraction: via Annual Quality Assurance (AQA) of
environmental reference data (link to state of the environment
questionnaire)
• Agricultural land
• Pesticides
– Timelines (June 2015-Q1 2016)
9
Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) database
• Two decades of work and experience
– Basis for measuring value added, jobs, carbon and raw materials
embodied in international trade
– Publicly available
– Regular updates
• Years: 1995, 2000, 2005, 2008-2011
• Expanded coverage
• 61 countries: OECD, EU, G20, most ASEAN, …
• 34 ISIC activities
• Ongoing developments
• Accounting for the heterogeneity of firms in industry groupings in
national IOTs
• Develop “extended” SUTs (with NSOs)
• Improving timeliness through now-casting
• Improving indicators on carbon embodied in trade
10
Implementation of the SEEA
OECD Work programme 2015-16: Priorities
• SEEA implementation integrated in OECD programme of
work on statistics and on environment
• Supports production of green growth and environmental
indicators, including headline indicators
• Complements existing regular work
• OECD Task Force established in 2013
– Cooperation with UNSD, World Bank, Eurostat
– Air emissions
• Core tables, Database
– Natural assets
• Core tables, Database
• Common valuation methodology for international reporting
• Technical notes
• Final reports by Q4 2015
11
SEEA Core tables - Compiling data on air
emission accounts
• Reporting template (core table) based on Eurostat
– 11 pollutants or gases: CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, SOx,
NOx, CO, VOC, PM2.5
– Industry breakdown based on ISIC rev. 4
• Data compilation
– European countries: via Eurostat (mandatory reporting)
– Other countries: from countries’ websites/databases
• Country coverage so far
– EU member countries, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey
– Australia, Canada
• Data available on OECD website (OECD.Stat)
– Under : Environment \ Air and Climate \ Air Emission Accounts
SEEA Core tables - Compiling data on natural
assets
• Current focus on sub-soil assets (minerals, energy)
– Stocks and flows
– Physical and monetary
• Measurement issues
– Coexistence of different classification systems for the
measurement of remaining stocks (CRIRSCO, SPE-PRMS, UNFC2009 and SEEA-2012).
– To align with the SEEA-2012 classification, data need to be
available with a sufficient level of disaggregation in the original
classification system and countries need to consider a wide range
of resource types so that the (quite large) resource classes
advocated by the SEEA-CF can be filled.
– Even when definitions are aligned, national estimates may be very
different from what international data providers publish (e.g: BP,
EIA, OPEC, USGS).
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SEEA Core tables - Compiling data on mineral
and energy assets
• Practical approach
– Data from national data sources, compiled by OECD Secretariat
– Use of detailed metadata to explain how the different
classifications and aggregates chosen by countries relate to each
other and to the SEEA-2012 classification system
– Validation by countries
• Establishment of prototype database for selected countries
– Data in physical units: 7 countries (Australia, Canada, Mexico, the
Netherlands, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States)
– 13 resources (oil, natural gas, hard and brown coal, iron ore,
bauxite, copper, lead, nickel, tin , zinc, gold and silver).
– Data and metadata to be validated by countries before release on
OECD.Stat (by the end of 2015).
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SEEA Core tables - Compiling data on mineral
and energy assets - Metadata template
Australia Oil, Natural Gas and Mineral Resource Classification
Proved
Measured
Fundamental Characterization
CRIRSCO Solid
Mineral Classes
Mineral Project
Development Stage
(CRIRSCO Sub-Classes)
SPE-PRMS
Classes
SPE-PRMS Sub-Classes
UNFC E
axis
UNFC F
axis
UNFC G axis
Probable
Indicated
Possible
Inferred
1P/1C Low
Estimate
2P/2C Best Estimate
3P/3C High Estimate
Discovered and Commercially
Recoverable
Mineral
Reserves
Reserves
On Production
On Production
1
1.1
1
2
3
Approved for Development
Approved for Development
1
1.2
1
2
3
Justified for development
Justified for Development
1
1.3
1
2
3
1.1
2.1
1
2
3
2
1.3
1
2
3
2
2.1
1
2
3
Development pending
Mineral
Resources
Development Pending
Development on hold
Contingent
Resources
Discovered and Not
Commercially Recoverable
Inventory
(not defined in
template)
Development not viable
Unrecoverable
Undiscovered
Exploration
Results
Development unclarified
Additional Quantities in
place
On Hold
Development
Unclarified or on Hold
Unclarified
1
2
3
1.3
1
2
3
3.2
2.1
1
2
3
3.2
2.2
1
2
3
3.3
1.3
1
2
3
3.3
2.1
1
2
3
3.3
2.2
1
2
3
3.3
2.3
1
2
3
Unrecoverable
3.3
4
1
2
3
Prospect
3.2
3.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
Lead
3.2
3.2
4.1
4.2
4.3
Play
3.2
3.3
4.1
4.2
4.3
3.3
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
E axis
F axis
Unrecoverable
Economically Demonstrated Resources
(EDRs)
2.2
SEEA-2012
Class B
SEEA-2012
Class C
Development not Viable
Prospective
Resources
Australia's Natural Resource System
2
3.2
SEEA-2012
Class A
Reported Categories
G axis
JORC Reserves and JORC Resources
(measured and indicated) Development Pending
15
Implementation of the SEEA
Ongoing work and next steps
• Natural assets
– Note to clarify the relationships between the SEEA-CF 2012 and
other classification systems, i.e. UNFC 2009 (Framework
Classification for Fossil Energy and Mineral Reserves and
Resources)  Proposed amendments to the SEEA-CF
– Preparation of background paper on valuation methodology (draft:
July), including link between extraction costs concepts in the SEEA
and in mining companies reports
• Updated and expanded databases
– Expansion of country coverage
– Air emission accounts
• Integrate into regular data collection process
– Asset accounts
• Possible expansion to other assets (renewable resources)
• Identify areas for further work
• Next meeting of OECD SEEA TF: 16 October 2015
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Selected publications and reports
• Recent
• Green growth indicators 2014
• Material resources, productivity and the environment
• Towards complete balance sheets in national accounts: the case of
mineral and energy resources
• How’s life in your region?
• Energy Efficiency Indicators: Fundamentals on Statistics
• Energy Efficiency Indicators: Essentials for Policy Making
• OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2014
• ITF Transport Outlook
• World Energy Outlook 2015: Special Report on Energy and Climate
Change (15 June 2015)
• Forthcoming
•
•
•
•
Environment at a glance 2015 (early October 2015)
How’s life? (13 October 2015)
World Energy Outlook (November 2015)
Regions at a glance (end 2015)
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Upcoming events
Event
Location, date
InterEnerStat meeting (IEA)
Paris, 14-15 September 2015
5th OECD World Forum on Statistics, Knowledge and
Policy
Mexico, 13-15 October 2015
OECD-UNECE seminar on the SEEA implementation
Geneva, 14-15 October 2015
OECD TF on the implementation of the SEEA Central
Framework
Geneva, 16 October 2015
OECD-UNEP International Expert workshop on
demand-based measures of material flows
Paris, 20-21 October 2015 (tbc)
Working Party on Territorial Indicators
Paris, 2 November 2015
Joint Working Party on Agriculture and the
Environment
Paris, 10-11 November 2015
Working Party on Environmental information, WPEI
Paris, 24-26 November 2015
Green Growth and Sustainable Development Forum
“Enabling the Next Industrial Revolution: systems
innovation for green growth”
Paris, 14-15 December 2015
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Towards a global data
collection programme on
environmental-economic
accounts
19
Lessons from OECD work and discussion items
• Success criteria
– Closeness to policy demands: national, international
– Continuity and flexibility, institutional arrangements
– Cost-effectiveness: use synergies, minimise duplication, focus on
priority areas
– Global coherence: cooperation, coordination, joint work
• Existing international work covers already many SEEArelated topics
– Energy, Water, Air emissions, Material flows, Environmental
protection expenditure, Environmental taxes, Land, EGGS, …
– Agriculture, forestry, food, protected areas, …
• Could be used as a foundation
– By identify commonalities
– By applying the subsidiarity principle  layered approach as for
environmental data or for national accounts (IWGs),
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OECD data collection and indicator activities International cooperation and joint work
OECD
Member &
Partner
countries
Other
international
organisations
21
Lessons from OECD work and discussion items
• How far shall we go? How to proceed?
• Clarify the purpose of the proposal and priorities
– Establish a multi-purpose global database on environmentaleconomic accounts (supply driven; broad scope; ambitious)
– Contribute to the monitoring of the SDGs by using the added value
that the SEEA provides (demand driven; focus on priority areas)
• Clarify the process
– Data collection from countries versus data compilation from
existing sources (coordinated and layered approach, common
concepts)
– Role of core tables
– Role of countries, of IGOs, of UNCEEA
– Level of ambition, feasibility (national, international), cost
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