National Incident Management System
Law Enforcement II
Copyright and Terms of Service
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Key Terms
• Critical Infrastructure − systems and assets, whether
physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that
the incapacity or destruction of such systems and
assets would have a debilitating impact on security,
national economic security, national public health or
safety, or any combination of those matters (42 USC
§5195c)
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Key Terms (continued)
• Key Resources − publicly or privately controlled
resources essential to the minimal operations of
the economy and government (6 USC §101)
• Terrorist Threat − terrorist attacks against the
critical infrastructure and key resources (CIKR)
across the US that could seriously threaten
national security, result in mass casualties,
weaken the economy, and damage public morale
and confidence (National Infrastructure Protection
Plan, 2009)
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Critical Infrastructure Sectors
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Chemical Sector
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Commercial Facilities Sector
Communications Sector
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Critical Manufacturing Sector
Dams Sector
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Defense Industrial Base Sector
Emergency Services Sector •
Energy Sector
Financial Services Sector
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Food and Agriculture Sector •
Government Facilities Sector •
Healthcare and Public Health
Sector
Information Technology
Sector
National Monuments and
Icons Sector
Nuclear Reactors, Materials
and Waste Sector
Postal and Shipping Sector
Transportation Systems Sector
Water and Wastewater
Systems Sector
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Chemical Sector
• An integral part of our economy
– Employees nearly 1 million people
– Earns over $600 billion a year
• Can be divided into five main segments
– Basic chemicals
– Specialty chemicals
– Agricultural chemicals
– Pharmaceuticals
– Consumer products
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Chemical Sector (continued)
• Its facilities are usually privately owned,
requiring the Department of Homeland
Security (DHS) to work closely with the
private sector and its industry associations to
– Set goals and objectives
– Identify assets
– Assess risks
– Prioritize needs
– Implement protective programs
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Commercial Facilities Sector
• Operates on the principle of open public access
• Usually privately owned and operated
• Consists of the following eight subsectors
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Public Assembly
Sports Leagues
Gaming
Lodging
Outdoor Events
Entertainment and Media
Real Estate
Retail
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Communications Sector
• An integral part of our economy, underlying the
operations of all businesses, public safety
organizations, and government
• Evolved from a voice service provider to a
complex industry that uses interconnected
terrestrial, satellite, and wireless transmission
systems
• Companies often share facilities and technology
to ensure interoperability
• Mostly owned and protected by the private sector
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Critical Manufacturing Sector
• Critical to US economic prosperity
– Makes up 13% of the US Gross Domestic Product
– Employs about 11.7 million US citizens
• An attack on this sector could disrupt functions
at the national level and across many critical
infrastructure sections
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Critical Manufacturing Sector
(continued)
• Identified the following core industries
– Primary Metal Manufacturing
– Machinery Manufacturing
– Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component
Manufacturing
– Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
• Focuses on the identification, assessment,
prioritization, and protection of nationally significant
manufacturing industries within the sector that may
be susceptible to manmade and natural disasters
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Dams Sector
• Includes
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Dam projects
Hydropower generation facilities
Navigation locks
Levees
Dikes
Hurricane barriers
Mine tailings and other industrial waste impoundments
Other similar water retention and control facilities
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Dams Sector (continued)
• Provides a wide range of benefits including
– Hydroelectric power
– River navigation
– Water supply
– Wildlife habitat
– Waste management
– Flood control
– Recreation
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Defense Industrial Base Sector
• The worldwide industrial complex that enables research and
development, as well as design, production, delivery, and
maintenance of military weapons systems, subsystems, and
components or parts, to meet US military requirements
• Includes the Department of Defense (DOD), government,
and private sector
• More than 100,000 companies (foreign and domestic) and
subcontractors work for the DOD
• Provides products and services that are essential to
mobilize, deploy, and sustain military operations
• Does not include the commercial infrastructure of providers
of services (i.e. power, communications, transportation)
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Emergency Services Sector
• A system of prevention, preparedness, response, and
recovery elements
• The first line of defense from
– Terrorist attacks
– Manmade incidents
– Natural disasters
• The primary protector for all critical infrastructure
sectors
• Has the primary mission to save lives, protect property
and the environment, assist communities impacted by
disasters, and aid recovery from emergencies
• Functions at the state, local, tribal, and territorial levels
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Emergency Services Sector (continued)
• Defined by the following disciplines
– Law Enforcement
– Fire and Emergency Services
– Emergency Management
– Emergency Medical Services
– Public Works
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Emergency Services Sector (continued)
• Has the following specialized capabilities
– Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT)
– Search and Rescue (SAR)
– Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD)
– Special Weapons and Tactics and Tactical
Operations (SWAT)
– Aviation Units
– Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs)
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Energy Sector
• Essential to the functioning of the health, welfare,
and economy of the US
• Divided into three interrelated segments
– Electricity
– Petroleum
– Natural gas
• Relies heavily upon the Transportation Systems
Sector because of its dependency on pipelines
• Depended upon by all sectors
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Financial Services Sector
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The backbone of the world economy
Primarily owned and operated by private entities
Consists of over 29,000 financial firms
Allows customers to
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Deposit funds and make payments to other parties
Provide credit and liquidity to customers
Invest funds for both long and short periods
Transfer financial risks between customers
• Operates to
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Provide customers the financial products they want
Ensure the institution’s financial integrity
Protect customers’ assets
Guarantee the integrity of the financial system
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Food and Agriculture Sector
• Responsible for the food and clothing of people in the US
• Almost entirely under private ownership
• Composed of
– An estimated 2.2 million farms
– 900,000 restaurants
– More than 400,000 registered food manufacturing, processing,
and storage facilities
• Accounts for about one-fifth of US economic activity
• Coordinated by the following
– The US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
– The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), an agency of the
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
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Government Facilities Sector
• Includes a wide variety of buildings that are
– Located in the US and overseas
– Owned or leased by federal, state, local, and tribal
governments
– Open to the public for business activities,
commercial transactions, and recreational activities
– Not open to the public if they contain highly
sensitive information, materials, processes, and
equipment
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Government Facilities Sector
(continued)
• Includes facilities that are
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General-use office buildings
Special-use military installations
Embassies
Courthouses
National laboratories
Structures that may house critical equipment, systems,
networks, and functions
• Includes cyber elements that contribute to the
protection of the sector’s assets
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Government Facilities Sector
(continued)
• Includes individuals who
– Perform essential functions or
– Possess tactical, operational, or strategic
knowledge
• Has the following subsectors
– Education Facilities Subsector
– National Monuments and Icons Subsector
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Healthcare and
Public Health Sector
• Protects all sectors of the economy from hazards
such as terrorism, infectious disease outbreaks,
and natural disasters
• Mostly owned by private entities, making
collaboration essential
• Constitutes 17% of the Gross National Product
• Operates in all US states, territories, and tribal
areas, thus playing a significant role in response
and recovery across all other sectors in the event
of a natural or manmade disaster
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Information Technology Sector
• Central to the nation’s security, economy, and
public health and safety
• Depended upon by many entities, including
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Businesses
Governments
Academia
Private citizens
• Provides hardware, software, and information
technology systems and services in collaboration
with the Communications Sector – the Internet
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National Monuments
and Icons Sector
• Physical structures
• Includes the operational staff and visitors
• Has many of its assets listed in either the National Register of
Historic Places or the List of National Historic Landmarks
• Owned by the Federal Government
• Has minimal cyber and telecommunications issues
• Three common characteristics of each structure
– A monument, physical structure, or object
– Recognized (nationally and internationally) to represent the nation or
recognized for their significance
– Memorialize or represent significant aspects of our nation
• Committed to protecting our nation’s symbols for future
generations
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Nuclear Reactors, Materials
and Waste Sector
• Accounts for approximately 20% of the nation’s electrical
generation provided by 104 commercial nuclear reactors
• Includes
– Nuclear power plants
– Non-power nuclear reactors used for research, testing, and
training
– Manufacturers of nuclear reactors or components
– Radioactive materials used primarily in medical, industrial, and
academic settings
– Nuclear fuel cycle facilities
– Decommissioned nuclear power reactors
– The transportation, storage, and disposal of nuclear and
radioactive waste
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Postal and Shipping Sector
• An integral part of the US economy
– Employs more than 1.8 million people
– Earns more than $217 billion per year
• Focuses on small- and medium-sized packages
• Sector-specific assets include
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Over 400 high-volume automated processing facilities
Over 40,000 local delivery units
Many and various collection, acceptance, and retail operations
Over 50,000 transport vehicles (i.e. vans, trucks, tractor trailers,
and aircraft)
– Information and communications networks
• Depended upon by every sector to deliver time-sensitive
letters, packages, and other shipments
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Transportation Systems Sector
• Moves people and goods
• Consists of the following subsectors
– Aviation
– Highway Infrastructure and Motor Carrier
– Maritime Transportation System
– Mass Transit and Passenger Rail
– Pipeline Systems
– Freight Rail
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Water and Wastewater
Systems Sector
• Supervised by the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) who consults with the DHS and the EPA’s Water
Sector partners
• Vulnerable to attacks including
– Contamination with deadly agents
– Physical attacks
• Release of toxic gaseous chemicals
• Cyber attacks
• Protects from a potentially large number of illnesses
and casualties
• Protects from a denial of service that could impact
public health and economic vitality
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Protection Techniques
• Assessing vulnerabilities, implementing protective
programs, and improving security protocols
• Enhancing preparedness through training and exercises
• Assisting with contingency planning, response, and
recovery
• Implementing real-time information sharing
• Implementing cyber-security measures
• Assisting with infrastructure data collection and
management
• Implementing regulations for high-risk chemical facilities
• Developing standards for federal building security
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National Infrastructure Protection
Plan (NIPP) 2009
• Provides a unifying structure for the integration of a
wide range of efforts for the enhanced protection and
resiliency of the nation's CIKR into a single, national
program
• Has the goal to build a safer, more secure, and more
resilient America by preventing, deterring, neutralizing,
or mitigating the effects of deliberate efforts by
terrorists to destroy, incapacitate, or exploit elements of
our nation's CIKR and to strengthen national
preparedness, timely response, and rapid recovery of
CIKR in the event of an attack, natural disaster, or other
emergency
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Resources
• US Department of Homeland Security
http://www.dhs.gov/files/programs/editorial_0827.shtm
• Critical Infrastructures: What Makes an Infrastructure
Critical? (2003) http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL31556.pdf
• Presidential Decision Directive/NSC-63
http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/pdd/pdd-63.htm
• FEMA, IS-860.a National Infrastructure Protection Plan
(NIPP) http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/IS860a.asp
• United States Code Title 42 Chapter 68 Subchapter IV-B
§5195c (42 USC §5195c)
http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/5195c
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