Sophomore English
實用英文
育達商業技術學院應用英語系
劉碧芬副教授
• pifenliu@ydu.edu.tw
• Phone: Ext. 6035
• Office Hours: Monday mornings and
Friday afternoons
• http://webhome.ydu.edu.tw/teach/
index.asp?tch_no=1511
學習英語的方法與態度
• 學習英語並無捷徑，唯有勤才能補拙。
• 四多（多聽，多說，多讀，多寫）是不二法門。
• 聽英文歌 ，看卡通、電影， 讀童話書， 簡易小
說，聽有聲書。
• 聽空中英語教室或交美國朋友。
• 短話長說，沒話找話說，不「怕」。
• 高聲朗讀文章。細心揣摩文義。背誦名句短文。
• 養成寫英語日記和Email的習慣。也可抄寫文章
英漢/漢英/英英 線上電子字典
• http://www.ee.tku.edu.tw/~rexchen/cdict/cd
ict.html 英漢/漢英 線上電子字典
• http://www.yahoo.com.tw 奇摩有聲字典
• http://cdict.giga.net.tw/index.php 線上英漢
字典／中文拼音／地址英譯、地圖查詢／
計算機
• http://onelook.com/ 數十種英英字典
You’ve got a friend (listening exercise)
http://www.indigo.org/friends
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
/
When you're down and ___________
And you need ____________
And nothing, nothing is going right
Close your eyes and____________
And soon I will be there
To brighten up
Even your _______________
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
You just call out my ________
And you know wherever I am
I'll come runnin'
To see you again
Winter, spring, ____________
All you _______ to do is call
And I'll be there, _____________
You've got a friend
• If the sky above you
• Should turn dark and_______________
• And that old ___________ should begin to
blow
• Keep your head together
• And call my name ___________
• Soon I’ll be knockin' at your door
(Chorus)
• You just call out my ________
• And you know wherever I am
• I'll come runnin'
• To see you again
• Winter, spring, ____________
• All you _______ to do is call
• And I'll be there, yes I will
• You've got a friend
•
•
•
•
•
•
__________________ to know that
You've got a friend?
People can be so _________
They'll _______ you and desert you
They’ll take your soul if you let them
But don't you let them (go to Chorus)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
You just call out my ________
And you know wherever I am
I'll come runnin'
To see you again
Winter, spring, ____________
All you _______ to do is call
And I'll be there, ______________
You've got a friend
You’ve got a friend (with
Chinese translation)
Lyrics and Music: Carole King
• When you're down and troubled
• 當妳遭到困擾，心情低落
And you need some loving care
• 需要別人的愛心和關懷
And nothing, nothing is going right
• 當妳覺得什麼事都不對勁
Close your eyes and think of me
• 閉上雙眼，想到我
And soon I will be there
• 我會很快地到妳那兒
To brighten up even your darkest night
• 照亮妳最暗淡的黑夜
Chorus 合唱
• You just call out my name
• 妳只要大聲呼喚我的名字
And you know wherever I am
• 妳知道，無論我在哪裡
I'll come running to see you again
• 我都會跑來再見妳
Winter, spring, summer or fall
• 不管是春夏，還是秋冬
All you have to do is call
• 妳只要呼喚我
And I'll be there
• 我就會去妳那兒
You've got a friend
• 因為妳有我這個好友
• If the sky above you
• 如果妳頭上的天空
Grows dark and full of clouds
• 烏雲密佈，變得黑漆漆
And that old north wind begins to blow
• 而北方來的寒風又開始猛吹
Keep your head together
• 請妳保持冷靜
And call my name out loud
• 大聲呼喚我的名字
Soon you'll hear me knocking at your door
• 很快地，妳就會聽到我在門外敲門
• Ain't it good to know that you've got a friend
• 知道自己有位好朋友，不是一件很棒的事嗎？
When people can be so cold
• 妳周圍的人可以非常冷酷
They'll hurt you, and desert you
• 他們會傷害妳，拋棄妳
And take your soul if you let them
• 如果妳讓他們的話，他們會把妳的靈魂拿走
Oh, but don't you let them
• 啊，妳千萬不要讓他們
Top Notch Unit 1: Cultural Literacy
文化認知(P.2)
•
•
•
•
Culture, cultural 文化
Literacy, literate, 讀寫能力 （illiterate）
Goal 目標
Flyer 廣告傳單 (leaflet, brochure,
advertisement)
• Represent 代表
• Tailor 裁縫師 量身定做
• Available 可用的
Topic Preview
• Native teachers 本籍老師 (native
speakers)
• Homestays 住宿
• Guarantee 保證
• Achievement 成就
• Cultural flair 優雅文化 （elegance）
• Rhythm 節奏
• Polynesia(n) 玻里尼西亞 (in South Pacific)
Top Preview
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sydney 雪梨（悉尼）
Auckland 奧克蘭
Cape Town 開普敦
Cambridge 劍橋
Edinburgh 愛丁堡
New York 紐約
London 倫敦
San Francisco 舊金山
Toronto 多倫多
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pristine 原始的 清新的 純樸的
Melting pot 熔爐
World-renowned 世界著名的
Community 社區
Scholars 學者
Magnificent 華麗的 高尚的 豐富的
Medieval 中古世紀
Capital 首都
Crown 王位 皇冠 （clown 小丑）
Key Words and Expressions (p. 3)
1. Thailand 泰國；Thai 泰國的，泰國人
2. Thais greet each with the gesture called
the wai and by saying “Sawatdee-Kaa”
(women) and “Sawatdee-Khrab” (men).
3. Mind (介意) +V-ing
e.g.: Do you mind my smoking here?
4. on a first-name basis=彼此以名字稱呼
• “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”=
在羅馬﹐就依羅馬當地人的習俗做；亦
即﹐入境（鄉）隨俗。
• 姓：last name; surname; family name
• 名：first name; given name; Christian
name
• John F. Kenneday (F: Middle Initial)
• Nicknames (暱稱）or shortened forms
E.g.: Teresa (Terri); Josephine (Jo);
Catherine (Kathy; Cathy); Elizabeth (Eliza;
Beth; Lisa, etc.);
William (Bill, Will); Joseph (Joe)
James (Jim); John (Jack); Richard (Dick);
Samuel (Sam) ; Kenneth (Ken); Thomas
(Tom); Anthony (Tony); Douglas (Doug);
Robert (Bob)
•
•
•
•
Company meetings 公司會議
In general 一般而言
Absolutely 絕對地
Probably 可能地 （=likely; cf. 比Possibly
可能性高）
Ways to ask about proper address
(p. 4)
•
•
•
•
•
Do you mind if I call you [Kazuko]?
Would it be rude to call you [K--]?
What would you like to be called?
How do you prefer to be addressed?
Do you use Ms. or Mrs.?
Meet Someone
• Very pleased to meet you. (I am very
pleased to meet you. )
• It’s an honor to meet you.
• It’s a privilege to meet you.
• It’s nice to meet you.
• I am privileged to know you. I’m honored
to meet you.
Topics OK for Small Talks
•
•
•
•
•
•
Food people are eating
Weather
Sports
Popular Movies
Music
etc.
Tag Questions (P.4)
•
•
•
•
•
He’s late, isn’t he?
He’s not late, is he?
He speaks Chinese, doesn’t he?
He spoke English, didn’t he?
Mark and David don’t speak Chinese, do
they?
• I’m not late, am I?
• I’m on time, aren’t I?
Tag Questions
•
•
•
•
助動詞
時態（現在 過去 未來）
肯定變否定
否定變肯定
代名詞 you, he, she, it, they, we, I
Conversation Model (p. 6)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Primary school—elementary school
Secondary school
Middle school; high school
6-8—middle school; 9-12—high school
Freshman; sophomore; junior; senior
Semester; quarter; term
Lesson 2: Get to Know Someone
(p. 6)
• The past perfect 過去完成式 (had pp)
• 在過去的一個特定時間之前就已經
________
• {By the time, when, before} S + V-ed (後),
S + had {already, not yet} pp (先）
• After S + had (already) pp, S + V-ed
• {by, at} + time, S + had pp
• Graduate; graduation
• Apply; application;
• Apply for a job; apply to Harvard for
admission
• Study abroad program
• http://www.longman.com/topnotch
Mid-Term Test
Oral test
• Individual work: Show and tell (1 minute)
• Pair work:
a) Tag questions (2 minutes)
b) Conversation (2 minutes): cultural literacy for
visitors to Taiwan
Written test
• Listening
• Vocabulary
• Grammar: tag questions, the past perfect
Lesson 3: Be Culturally Literate
(p.8)
Vocabulary. Manners and Etiquette.
• etiquette=the “rules” of polite behavior 禮
貌；禮節
• cultural literacy=knowing about and
respecting the culture of others and following
their rules of etiquette when interacting with
them 文化的認知
• table manners=rules for polite behavior when
eating with other people 餐桌禮儀
Lesson 3
Vocabulary
• punctuality=the social “rules” about being on
time 準時
• impolite=not polite; rude 粗魯的
• offensive=extremely rude or impolite 非常不
禮貌的（令人反感）
• customary=usual or traditional in a particular
culture （習常的）
Lesson 3
• taboo=not allowed because of very strong
religious rules against behavior or topics that
are considered very offensive 禁忌
• Fork叉子; chopsticks筷子; bowl碗; plate 碟子
• Signature; Happy Hours
• T.G.I.F. (Thank God. It’s Friday)
• S.H.I.T. (Sorry, Honey, It’s Thursday.)
Table Manners
• Don’t be late for dinner party.
• Don’t seat yourself until the ladies are
seated.
• Don’t offer hands with a lady; the initiative
must come from her.
• If you don’t know how to use a fork or a
knife properly, play it by ear.
• A lady at your side must not be neglected
whether you have been introduced nor
not.
• Let the guests help themselves to the
food; don’t serve the food for them.
Listening: Radio Show (p.8)
• Listening Strategies
• Listen for key words <C>
• Listen for main ideas (summaries) <D>
•
•
•
•
•
•
Format:
A host/hostess
Topic: cultural literacy
Guests to answer caller’s questions
The host introduces the guests first.
Then the host will take calls from callers one after
another.
• 3 guests and 3 callers
The host introduction
• Where is Jerrin from?
• Where is Nadia from?
• Where is Sujeet from?
Radio show
• First guest: Jettrin from Thailand (a Thai)
• First caller: Arturo from Montevideo, Uruguay
(Spanish-speaking)
• Second guest: Nadia from Dubai, the United
Arab Emirates阿拉伯聯合大公國 (a Muslim,
Arabic-speaking)
• Second caller: Hiroko from Osaka (a Japanese)
• Third guest: Sujeet from Nepal尼伯爾
• Third caller: Javier from Mexico
Radio Show: Opening
• F1: Good morning, world. This is Millicent
McKay in Brussels with today’s worldwide
Cultural Literacy Update. If you’re new to
the program, here’s the format. In the
studio three people take your phone calls,
and answer your questions about etiquette
in their countries.
Radio Show: Opening
• (continued from above)
Today’s guests are Jettrin from Thailand,
Nadia from Dubai in the United Arab
Emirates, and Sujeet from Nepal. We’re
all first-name here, so let me welcome
Jettrin, Nadia, and Sujeet.
M1: Sawatdee Khrab, Millicent. Good
morning! I’m Jettrin from Thailand.
Radio Show: Opening
• F2: Hello. It’s nice to be with you. I’m
Nadia from Dubai.
• M2: And good morning, Millicent, Jettrin,
and Nadia. Sujeet here from Nepal.
• F1: OK, Let’s get started. I see our first
caller is on the line. Hello, Arturo from
Montevideo. You’re on the air.
Radio Show: Call 1
• M3: Good morning—actually, good
evening. It’s 10:30 at night here in
Montevideo. Here’s my question. I’m
traveling on business to Thailand next
month, and I’ll be working with Thai
business manager, from my company.
What should I know?
Radio Show: Call 1
• M1: Hello, Arturo. Jettrin here. Just a
couple of things: First a taboo: Don’t touch
anyone’s head, not even a child’s.
• M3: Hmm? Well, I don’t ordinarily touch
people’s heads, but if you don’t mind my
asking, what’s wrong with touching
someone’s head?
Radio Show: Call 1
• M1: Well, we believe the head is where
the person’s soul lives. So it’s very
disrespectful and offensive to touch a
person’s head.
• M3: Any other tips?
Radio Show: Call 1
• M1: Well, when you are seated, be sure
not to cross your legs in such a way that
others can see the bottom of your foot.
• M3: Actually, I knew that. But don’t worry.
It’s good to be reminded. I do have one
more specific question before I hang up.
Radio Show: Call 1
• M1: Sure. What’s that?
• M3: In Uruguay it’s customary to shake
hands, and I know Thai people greet each
other with the wai. Will it be impolite for a
foreigner to do the wai?—and what
happens if I don’t do it right? Will that be
offensive?
Radio Show Call 1
• M1: Absolutely not. Just put the palms of
your hands together on your chest and
bow slightly. Say “Sawatdee—khrab.” For
the women listening, you say “Sawatdeekaa.” You will warm our hearts with that.
Don’t worry if you don’t do it exactly the
way Thais do it. And don’t worry about the
pronunciation.
Radio Show: Call 1
• (continued from above) Have a wonderful
trip to Thailand. Try to do some
sightseeing. And taste our wonderful food!
• M3: Thanks so much.
• F1: Thank YOU, Jettrin and Arturo for a
good lesson in cultural literacy. Let’s take
a break and then another call.
CALL 2 Hiroko and Nadia
• F1: Welcome back, listeners. This is
Millicent McKay with worldwide town
meeting, answering all your questions
about do’s and taboos around the world.
Let’s say hello to Hiroko from Osaka,
Japan. Hiroko, you’re on the air.
• F3: Thank you, Millicent. My husband and
I are going to Dubai.
Radio Show Call 2
• (continued) He’s a banker and has
business there, but I’m going with him as a
tourist. I’m very interested in all kinds of
culture, and I understand Dubai is very
different from Japan. I have three
questions.
• F2: Hello, Hiroko. Nadia on the line.
Radio Show Call 2
• F3: Thanks, Nadia. If I’m alone, can I walk on
the street or drive a car? When we went to
Saudi Arabia, women were not permitted to go
out alone or drive.
• F2: Absolutely. As a woman traveler, you will
have no difficulty getting around, even if you are
alone. You can drive, and as long as you dress
modestly, you can wear whatever you like.
Radio Show Call 2
• F3: Second question: I don’t speak any
Arabic.
• F2: Again, no problem. As you know,
Arabic is the official language of Dubai, but
English is commonly used in tourism and
commerce.
• F3: You speak very good English, Nadia.
Where did you learn it?
Radio Show Call 2
• F2: I actually am an English teacher. I
learned my English in the United States, at
the University of Wisconsin.
• F3: And my last question: I’m an amateur
photographer. Will I be able to take
pictures in Dubai?
• F2: Well, yes, but you should know that it
is considered offensive to take pictures of
Muslim women here.
Radio Show Call 2
• F3: Oh, I’m glad I asked. What about
pictures of men.
• F2: Well, yes, just be sure to ask
permission.
• F3: I don’t know how to thank you. I’m
really looking forward to the trip!
• F1: We’ll be right back with our final call.
Call 3
• F1: I think we have time for one more
caller. Javier from Mexico City! Welcome
to the show. How can we help you?
• M4: [Mexican accent] I’m going to Nepal
next month on an international trek. I wil
be staying with a Nepalese family for a
weekend, and I want to be sure I don’t
offend anyone. Mexico is very different
from Nepal.
Call 3
• F1: Well, . . . Let’s ask Sujeet to comment.
• M2: Hi, Javier. Let’s talk about table
manners. First of all, Nepalese don’t
usually use spoons, forks, or knives.
• M4: No? So how do the people eat? How
will I eat?
• M2: Well, your hosts will eat with their right
hand, never the left hand.
Call 3
• (continued) But I’m sure they’ll provide you
with spoons and forks. If they are
welcoming foreigners into their home,
they’ll want you to be comfortable. But
remember one important taboo. Beef is
strictly forbidden as a food in both Hindu
and Buddhist homes. Our typical food,
however, is wonderful and very flavorful
and healthy.
Call 3
• M4: That’s great, because I’m Mexican,
and we have great food in Mexico, too. I
love good food when I travel. Sujeet, I’m
very interested in culture but I don’t know
much about Hinduism and Buddhism.
What can you tell me?
• M2: Well, if you visit a Hindu temple or a
Buddhist shrine, you must remove your
shoes.
Call 3
• (continued) Or, if you prefer, you can wear
open sandals. Check first; in some Hindu
temples, non-Hindus can’t enter. And,
very important, don’t take leather things
near the temple. And if you want to take a
picture, be sure to ask before using your
camera.
• M4: Thanks so much. I feel very prepared
now.
Call 3 and Closing
• M2: My pleasure.
• F1: Well that’s all we have time for today.
Until next time, this is Millicent McKay in
Brussels, reminding you that in today’s
world cultural literacy is an essential
survival skill.
• Hinduism 印度教
• Buddhism 佛教
• Buddhist 佛教徒
Lesson 4: Reading
(On Japanese Culture)
(P. 10)
• Title: “Japanese Workers Get Word from
On High: Drop Formality”
• By Norimitsu Onishi
• Hiroshima 廣島, Japan
• Oct. 30, 2003
• Source: The New York Times
Vocabulary
• Formality
1. 拘泥形式, 拘謹[U][S1]
I wish we could treat each other without formality.
我真希望我們彼此之間不要太拘謹。
2. 正式手續[P1]
It's a formality that we have to go through.
這是我們必須辦理的手續。
3. 禮節; 俗套[C]
All formalities were observed at the ceremony.
慶典儀式遵循了所有的禮節。
Vocabulary
•
•
•
•
•
“Get Word from on High”—從高層得到指示
The Tokyo headquarters [Hqs.]東京總部
Semiconductor 半導體
•
Address 稱呼
Suffix 字尾 【work—worker] vs. Prefix 字
首 【polite—impolite]
• Competitive 競爭的
Review
Stress rules
A. –ic
1. honorific 2. Pacific 3. Atlantic 4. Civic
5. fantastic
6. specific 7.authentic
B. –ty
1. university 2. city
3. specificity
4. authenticity 5. modesty
C. –ate
1. elevate 2. evaluate 3. graduate 4. educate
Lesson 4 Vocabulary
• mirror (v) 反映；(n) 鏡子
• expert (n) 專家
• equality (n) 平等; equality-minded 具有平等思想
的
• emphasize (v) 重視; emphasis (n)
• honorific language 敬語
• no longer 不再
• elevate (v) 提升 【elevator 電梯】
• humble (adj) 謙虛的；(v)使謙卑；使地位降低
Lesson 4 Vocabulary
•
•
•
•
•
•
fall out of use 不再使用
take account of (v) 考慮
social standing (n) 社會地位
calibrate (v) 測定 的口徑；使標準化
factor (n) 因素
cumbersome (adj) 麻煩的；笨重的
Lesson 4 Vocabulary
•
•
•
•
traditionally (adv) 傳統地
employee (n) 員工
administration (n) 行政；治理
old-fashioned (adj) 老派的；舊式的
Is change for the better? (p. 11)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
survey 調查
Motto 座右銘
Adapt to 適應
dinosaur 恐龍
If it isn’t broken, don’t fix it.
chameleon 變色龍
Out with the old, in with the new!
A little of both
Easy does it.
Checkpoint (p. 12)
•
•
•
•
•
chrysanthemum 菊花
appropriate 合適的
Inappropriate 不合適的
wrap up 總結
warm up 暖身
Review
Tag questions
•
•
•
•
•
Statements  questions and answers
You’re tired. 
Are you tired?
Yes, I am.
No, I am not.
•
•
•
•
You were born in Maoli. 
Were you born in Maoli?
Yes, I was.
No, I wasn’t.
•
•
•
•
He’s tired. 
Is he tired?
Yes, he is.
No, he isn’t.
•
•
•
•
He was born in Hsin-chu.
Was he born in Hsin-chu?
Yes, he was.
No, he wasn’t.
•
•
•
•
They are tired. 
Are they tired?
Yes, they are.
No, they aren’t.
•
•
•
•
They were born in Taichung. 
Were they born in Taichung?
Yes, they were.
No, they weren’t.
•
•
•
•
You speak Taiwanese. 
Do you speak Taiwanese?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.
•
•
•
•
You grew up in Chu-nan. 
Did you grow up in Chu-nan?
Yes, I did.
No, I didn’t.
•
•
•
•
You ate noodles for lunch. 
Did you eat noodles for lunch?
Yes, I did.
No, I didn’t.
•
•
•
•
He eats noodles for lunch every day. 
Does he eat noodles for lunch every day?
Yes, he does.
No, he doesn’t.
•
•
•
•
He ate noodles for lunch.
Did he eat noodles for lunch?
Yes, he did.
No, he didn’t.
•
•
•
•
I am. I am not. Am I? Aren’t I?
I was. I wasn’t. Was I? Wasn’t I?
I do. I don’t. Do I? Don’t I?
I did. I didn’t. Did I? Didn’t I?
• You are. You aren’t. Are you? Aren’t you?
• You were. You weren’t. Were you? Weren’t you?
• You did. You didn’t. Did you? Didn’t you?
•
•
•
•
•
He is. He isn’t. Is he? Isn’t he?
She is. She isn’t. Is she? Isn’t she?
It is. It isn’t. Is it? Isn’t it?
He was. He wasn’t. Was he? Wasn’t he?
She was. She wasn’t. Was she? Wasn’t
she?
• It was. It wasn’t. Was it? Wasn’t it?
• He does. He doesn’t. Does he? Doesn’t
he?
• She does. She doesn’t. Does she?
Doesn’t she?
• It does. It doesn’t. Does it? Doesn’t it?
• He did. He didn’t. Did he? Didn’t he?
• She did. She didn’t. Did she? Didn’t she?
• It did. It didn’t. Did it? Didn’t it?
•
•
•
•
You have been to Japan. 
Have you been to Japan?
Yes, I have.
No, I haven’t.
•
•
•
•
He has been to Australia. 
Has he been to Australia?
Yes, he has.
No, he hasn’t.
•
•
•
•
You have never been to Japan. 
Haven’t you been to Japan?
Yes, I have.
No, I haven’t.
•
•
•
•
You have never been to Japan, have you?
You have been to Japan, haven’t you?
Yes, I have.
No, I haven’t.
•
•
•
•
He has never helped you, has he?
He has helped you a lot, hasn’t he?
Yes, he has.
No, he hasn’t.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
“be”: am, is, are, was, were
Verbs: eat, grow, play, walk, go, sit, stand, etc.
Regular verbs: play, played, played
Irregular verbs: eat, ate, eaten
grow, grew, grown
go, went, gone
“be” + verb (X)
“be” + verb-ing: You are listening to the teacher.
“be” + p.p.: You were born in Miaoli.
They were married in 1998.
Tense: Time Line
(past) ______t1______t2●(now)_______(future)
(1st) (2nd)
had + pp V-ed
1. a) {When, Before, By the time} S + V-ed,
S + had (not)+ pp
b) After S + had + pp, S + V-ed
2. {By, In, At} + time, S + had (not) pp
The past perfect (handouts)
First （早，先） :
had + pp
Second （晚，後）: when
V-ed
by the time
before
First （先）: After
had + pp (肯定）
Second （後）:
V-ed
The past perfect:
had + pp
First: The thief left.
Second: She realized her wallet was missing,
• The thief had left by the time she realized her
wallet was missing.
• The thief had left when she realized her wallet
was missing.
• The thief had left before she realized her wallet
was missing.
• After the thief had left, she realized her wallet
was missing.
First: The thief left.
Second: She realized her wallet was missing,
• When she realized her wallet was missing,
the thief had left.
• By the time she realized her wallet was missing,
the thief had left.
• Before she realized her wallet was missing, the
thief had left.
• She realized her wallet was missing after the
thief had left.
• The thief had left when she realized her wallet was missing,
• When she realized her wallet was missing, the thief had left
• The thief had left by the time she realized her wallet was missing.
• By the time she realized her wallet was missing, the thief had left.
• The thief had left before she realized her wallet was missing.
• Before she realized her wallet was missing, the thief had left.
• She realized her wallet was missing after the thief had left
• After the thief had left, she realized her wallet was missing.
The past perfect
A) S + had (not) pp (先)
{by the time, when, before} S + V-ed (後)
B) {By the time, when, before} S + V-ed
(後), S + had (not) pp (先）
First: The children didn’t eat breakfast.
Second: The children went to school.
(A)
1. They hadn’t eaten breakfast, when the children went to school.
2. They hadn’t eaten breakfast, before the children went to school..
3. They hadn’t eaten breakfast, by the time the children went to school...
First: The children didn’t eat breakfast.
Second: The children went to school.
(B)
1. When the children went to school, they hadn’t eaten breakfast.
2. Before the children went to school, they hadn’t eaten breakfast.
3. By the time the children went to school, they hadn’t eaten breakfast.
Online Exercise 1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1991
1992
1993
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
graduated from college
moved to Berlin
started work at Versitech
met Eva
married Eva
started graduate school
received advanced degree in biology
first child, Marina, was born
began new job at BioLab, Inc.
Online Exercise 1
1. In 1990, Tomas (graduate) from college.
• 1991 graduated from college
• had not yet graduated
2. By 1993, Tomas (move) to Berlin.
• 1992 moved to Berlin
• had moved
3. Tomas didn't move to Berlin until after he
(graduate) from college.
had graduated
4.
When he started work at Versitech, Tomas
(meet) Eva.
1993 started work at Versitech
• 1994 met Eva
• had not yet met
5. By the time Tomas married Eva, they (know)
each other for three years.
1997 married Eva
had known
6. By 1998, Tomas (marry) Eva.
1997 married Eva
• had married
7. In 1998, Tomas (start) graduate school.
1999 started graduate school
• had not yet started
8. Marina (be born) when Tomas received his
advanced degree in biology.
2002 received advanced degree in biology
2004 first child, Marina, was born
had not yet been born
9. Tomas (finish) graduate school when Marina was
born.
• had already finished
10. Tomas began his new job at BioLab, Inc. after he
(receive) his advanced degree.
2005 began new job at BioLab, Inc.
had received
Tense: Time Line
1. a) {When, Before, By the time} S + V-ed,
S + had (not)+ pp
b) After S + had + pp, S + V-ed
2. {By, In, At} + time, S + had (not) pp
• _____t1________t2 (past)______t3(now)
(First)
(Second)
had + pp
V-ed
Mid-term Exam
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Vocabulary
taboo
impolite
manners
Punctuality
Etiquette
literacy
disagree
customary
offensive
formality
Tag questions:
1. doesn’t he?
2. didn’t they?
3. weren’t there?
4. am I?
5. don’t you?
Past perfect: had + Ved
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
had not yet graduated
had not yet moved
had already graduated
had not yet met
had already known
had not yet married
had already started
had already been born
had not yet finished
had already begun
• Japanese, perhaps more than any other
language, has long taken account of social
standing.
• 日文長久以來或許比其他任何語言都注重
社會地位
First: It got dark.
Second: The family ate dinner.
1. a) It got dark before the family ate dinner.
b) Before the family ate dinner, it got dark.
2. a) It had gotten dark before the family ate dinner.
b) Before the family ate dinner, it had gotten dark.
3. a) Before it got dark, the family ate dinner.
b) The family ate dinner before it got dark.
4. a) Before it got dark, the family had eaten dinner.
b) The family had eaten dinner before it got dark.
First: The family ate dinner
Second: It got dark.
1. a) It got dark after the family ate dinner.
b) It got dark after the family had eaten dinner.
2. a) After the family ate dinner, it got dark.
b) After the family had eaten dinner, it got dark.
3. a) After it got dark, the family ate dinner.
b) After it had gotten dark, the family ate dinner.
4. a) The family ate dinner after it got dark.
b) The family ate dinner after it had gotten dark.
Self-report for the oral test
(11.27.06)
1. Do you like the oral test? Why or why not?
2. What did you learn from this oral test?
a) from the writing of your own script
b) from the help of the teacher (list detailed
corrections)
c) from your practice for the delivery
d) from going on the stage and delivering the
show and tell and the dialogue
e) from working with my partner
3. What do you think about the English class so
far?
Unit II Health Matters (p. 14)
• Health matters 健康問題
• Unit Goals—
1. Make an appointment to see a dentist
2. Describe symptoms at a doctor’s office
3. Discuss types of medical treatment
4. Talk about medications
Topic Preview (Review)
• Read the health checklist 清單 for
international travelers國際旅者. Which
tips 建議 do you think are the most
important?
• Vaccinations 預防注射；接種疫苗
• Medications 用藥
• Eyewear (glasses 普通 or contact lenses
隱形) 眼鏡
• Dental Care 牙齒照顧 (dental check-up)
Sound Bites: Two short
conversations in Russia (p. 15)
• Guest: I need to see a dentist as soon as
possible. I think it’s an emergency. I was
wondering if you might be able to
(Could you) recommend someone who
speaks English.
• Clerk: Actually, there’s one not far from
here. Would you like (do you want) me to
make an appointment for you?
Sound Bites
• Dentist: So I hear (understand) you’re from
overseas.
• Patient: Yes, from Venezuela. Thanks for fitting
me in (giving me an appointment so quickly).
This tooth is killing me (hurts very badly).
• Dentist: Luckily, I had a cancellation. (I’m) Glad
to be of help (helpful).
• Patient: I really appreciate it. Thought I’d (I had)
better see someone right away.
• Dentist: Well, let’s have a look (I’ll examine you
now).
Sound Bites (p. 15) 註解
• Guest （房客）: I need （需要） to see a
dentist（ 牙醫 ）as soon as possible 儘快.
I think it’s (=it is) an emergency（緊急情
況，急診）. I was wondering if you might
be able to recommend（推薦） someone
who speaks English.（我不知道你是否可
以推薦 ……)
• letter of recommendation
Sound Bites (p. 15) 註解
• Clerk 旅館職員: Actually（事實上）,
there’s one not far from here（離這裡不
遠）. Would you like （你要我）me to
make an appointment （約會，約定就診
時間）for you?
• right away: at once; immediately;
• Letter of appreciation; thank-you note
Sound Bites 註解
• Dentist: So I hear you’re from overseas.
（我聽說你是從國外來的）
• Patient （病人）: Yes, from Venezuela
（委內瑞拉）. Thanks for fitting me in
（謝謝妳能馬上看我）. This tooth is
killing me（這顆牙疼死我也）.
• Dentist: Luckily （幸運地）, I had a
cancellation （取消）. Glad to be of help
（能幫得上忙）.
Sound Bites 註解
• Patient: I really appreciate（感激） it.
Thought I’d better （最好）see someone
right away（馬上）.
• Dentist: Well, let’s have a look.（讓我來檢
查）
單字與片語
•
•
•
•
Russia 俄羅斯
front desk 旅館櫃台; receptionist; operator
a dentist 牙醫 dental 牙齒的
as soon as possible=as quickly as
possible
• an emergency 緊急情況，病情緊急，急診
ER (Emergency Room) 急診室
• recommend 推薦
單字與片語
• Make an appointment 掛號，約會，約與某人見
面
• dating; I have a date tonight. (going steady)
• Overseas 海外的 overseas students 海外學生
Overseas Taiwanese 台僑
• Venezuela 委內瑞拉
• I really appreciate it: Thanks a million; Thanks a
lot; Thank you so much. Many thanks; Much
obliged.
• letter of appreciation; thank-you note
• Fitting me in=很快能夠看我的病
單字與片語
• This tooth is killing me. 這顆牙齒很痛。
• 【Note: You are killing me. 你講的話(或做
的動作）笑死我了。】
• Good luck; lucky; luckily; best luck to
you.
• Good fortune; fortunate; fortunately
• cancel (v) cancellation (n)取消（約會等）
• to be of help = to be helpful; of +抽象名詞
=形容詞 to be of use = to be useful.
•
•
•
•
To be of no use; useless
To be of little use; almost useless
To be of great use; very useful
You have been of great help to me.
Lesson I: Make an Appointment to
See a Dentist (p. 16)
• Conversation Model: Read and listen.
• A: Hello. I wonder if I might be able to see
the dentist today. I’m here on business,
and I have a toothache.
• B: Oh, that must hurt. Are you in a lot of
pain?
• A: Yes, actually, I am.
Conversation Model (continued)
• B: Well, let me check. Could you be here
by 3:00?
• Yes. That would be fine. I really
appreciate it.
Vocabulary. Dental emergencies
•
•
•
•
•
•
I have a toothache.
I broke a tooth.
I lost a filling.
My crown is loose.
My bridge came out.
My gums are swollen.
Vocabulary
•
•
•
•
•
•
I have a toothache.（牙疼）
I broke a tooth. （斷了一顆牙）
I lost a filling. （填補物）
My crown is loose. （牙套）
My bridge came out. （假牙上的齒橋）
My gums are swollen. （牙齦腫）
Vocabulary
•
•
•
•
•
Illness; disease; ailment Are you ill?
Tooth—teeth; goose—geese; foot—feet
toothache; stomachache;
lose, lost, lost;
loose (adj)
Grammar (p. 17)
• may; might; must, be able to
• May or might for possibility
• Must for conclusions
• Be able to for ability
May, Might, Must, and Be Able to
• The dentist may (or might) have some
time to see you.
• Barbara might (or may) not need a new
filling.
• John just broke a tooth.
• The dentist told me to come next week.
• It must not be an emergency.
• She’ll be able to see (can see) you
tomorrow.
Grammar
•
•
•
•
Dr. Sharp may be able to help you.
I might not be able to get there till 6:00.
You might have to get a new crown.
She must not have to go to work today.
Complete the conversations
• A: You look terrible! Your tooth ___ really
hurt. B: It does.
• A: Did you call the dentist?
• B: Yes, but no one is answering. The
dentist ____ be in today.
• A: Bill had a bad toothache this morning.
• B: No kidding. Then he ______ be able to
come to the meeting today.
Complete the conversations
• A: Where’s Alice?
• B: Well, I heard she lost a filling, so she
____ be at the dentist.