Latin American Win
Independence
Chapter 8 Section 1
1. In what ways are Creoles and Peninsular
similar?
They were both with European decent
 2. In what ways are they different?
Creoles were born in Latin America,
and Peninsular were born on the
(Spain)Iberian peninsula
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Causes:
•Problems in Spanish
Empire
• The American
Revolution and The
French Revolution
•The Enlightenment
Leader:
Effects:
•Simon Bolivar: 17831830
•Jose de San Martin:
1778-1850
•Toussaint L’Ouverture
• Padre Miguel Hidalgo
•Political Effects(Independent!)
•Economical Effects(improvement, trade w/
many countries/profits)
•Social Effects-(Creoles
had more power)
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First Latin American territory to become
independent from its master(France)
500,000 enslaved Africans
Strong enslaved African leader emergedToussaint L’Ouverture
Under his leadership, French agreed to end slavery
in this island
Toussant’s friend, Jean-Jacques Dessalines fought,
and won Haiti’s Independence
L’Overture was sent to prison where he dies in a
dungeon his brave life and tragic death earned
his the “symbol of fight for liberty”
Haiti's revolution was brutal
 L’Ouverture organized a group of peasant
fighters to revolt against the
Frenchguerrillas
 However Dessalines and Henri Christophe, on
this island, made peace with France, which
lead the abolishment of slavery
 Dessalines later became dictator of Haiti
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1. Why do you think the French would grant
freedom to African slaves?
Slaves fought bravely and outnumbered their
masters, and Dessalines and Christophe made
peace with the French and convinced them to
grant their freedom.
2. What does Haiti mean in the language of the
Arawak natives, and why do you think it called
this?
It means “mountainous land,” and called so
because it is a rugged land with many mountains
Napoleon overthrows Spanish King Ferdinand VII
Creoles believes the power is now shifted to the people
Rebellion breaks out in parts of Latin America…..closer to
Independence
Two brilliant Creole generals, Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin,
achieve South American Independence
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Native Venezuelan (the liberator)
Declared independence from Spain in 1811
Led 2,ooo soldiers to Bogota, Colombia
Venezuela’s independence in 1821
Continued going south to
Ecuador and met Jose de
San Martin
won
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Native Argentinean
Spanish forces near Peru and Chile were still a threat to
Argentina’s Independence
Martin and his army met Spanish forces led by Bernardo
O’Higgins’
won Chile’s freedom
San Martin and Bolivar met in Guayaquil, Ecuador to
discuss how to drive Spanish forces
out of Lima, Peru
Spanish were defeated in Battle of
Ayacucho(Peru)-1824
Peru’s freedom
Venezuela, Colombia, Panama,
and Ecuador formed Gran Colombia
1. Name two important creoles leader, and their birth
place?
Bolivar-Venezuela
San Martin- Argentina
 2. True or False: After Bolivar won independence, he
marched south to Colombia.
True
 3. Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador forms
what?
Gran Colombia
4. What battle was the Spanish defeated in?
Battle of Ayacucho
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In most Latin American countries, creoles led
revolutionary movements
Mexicoethnic/racial groups mixed more freely
MexicoIndians and mestizos played the leading
role
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Padre Miguel Hidalgo- educated priest in the small village
of Dolores
Believed in Enlightenment ideals
Called for rebellion against Spanish(grito de Dolores-cry of
Dolores)
Went to Mexico City w/ his 80,000 men, and was defeated
Jose Maria Morelos led revolution
for 4 yrs
Agustin de Iturbide,
creoles officer, defeated
Morelos
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Revolution in Spainpower
to liberals
Agustin de Iturbide called
for Independence in 1821
Central America declared
its absolute independence
from Mexico
True/false
1. In Mexico, ethnic/racial groups are more freely mixed
True
2. Grito de Dolores means a cry of Dolores
True
3. Hidalgo marched to Mexico with 5,ooo men
False- 80,000 men
4. Mexico won Independence in 1421
False-1821
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WON INDEPENDENCE WITHOUT ANY VIOLENCE
1807-Napoleon invaded Spain &Portugal
French troops approached Lisbon, Portuguese capital
Royal family escaped and went to Brazil
Portuguese ran empire from Brazil
After Napoleon’s defeat, royal family returned to Portugal
Dom Pedro, kings son stayed behind in Brazil
Dom Pedro’s father allowed him to be the King of Brazil, and finally
agreed for Brazil to be independent from Portugal-1822
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1. why was Brazil’s independence
a unique period of Latin
American history?
No Bloodshed!!!!
 2. why did the royal
family escape to Brazil?
French troops were coming!
 3. what was the effect of Dom
Pedro, the King’s son, staying
behind in Brazil?
Ruled Brazil independently
September 18, 2014- the result of vote for Scotland independence
from Britain was cast
 people of Scotland spoke:
~44.7%YES
~55.3% NO
 Even though they didn’t win Independence, the voting was very
civilized, and there was no bloodshed
 Two slogans:
~”Yes Scotland”
~”Better Together”
 Some arguments:
 Which currency an independent Scotland would use?
 Concern about public expenditure
 EU (European Union) membership
 North sea oil $$$$$$$$!!!!!!(Britain loves Scotland’s North  )
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