Evidences
of the Bible
And
Frequently Asked Questions
Fred Williams
B.S. Electrical Engineering
1 Peter 3:14-15
Defending the Bible
Frequently Asked Questions
"And do not be afraid of their threats,
nor be troubled." But sanctify the
Lord God in your hearts, and always
be ready to give a defense to everyone
who asks you a reason for the hope that
is in you, with meekness and fear.
1 Peter 3:14-15
Evidences of the Bible
 Accuracy of Prophecy
 Advanced Medical Knowledge
 Advanced Scientific Knowledge
 Textual Integrity
 Historical Accuracy
 Archeology
Accuracy Of Prophecy
Isaiah 41:23 – Tell us what the future holds, so we
may know that you are gods.
Isaiah 48:5 – “Therefore I told you these things long
ago; before they happened I announced them to you
so that you could not say, 'My idols did them; my
wooden image and metal god ordained them”
 2000 fulfilled prophecies in the Old Testament
 333 prophecies concerning Messiah
Other Religious Prophesies
Joseph Smith (Mormonism) - “My
unborn child shall be called David, and will
be Church President and King over Israel.”
Prophecy of the Fifth Karmapa, Deshin
Shekpa (Buddhist scripture): “At that time
happiness, like beholding the sun, in this
Tibet will occur, I think”
Fred’s prophecy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Many nations will fight against New York City
Iran will attack the mainland portion of New York
City
The debris from the buildings in New York City will
be thrown in the water
New York City will be made flat like the top of a rock
Fishermen will spread their nets over the heap that
was once New York City
New York City will never be re-built
New York City's glory will never be restored
I will be considered a lunatic
Ezekiel’s prophecy
1.
Many nations will fight against Tyre
Ezekiel 26:3 - thus says the Lord
GOD,' Behold, I am against you, O Tyre,
and I will bring up many nations against
you, as the sea brings up its waves.
Attackers/conquerors, from Encyclopedia Britannica
–
Nebuchadnezzar (573BC), Alexander the Great
(332BC), Seleucids (200BC), Romans (64BC),
Crusaders (1124AD), Muslim Arabs (1291AD)
Ezekiel’s prophecy
2.
Nebuchadnezzar will attack the mainland
portion of Tyre
Ezekiel 26:7-8 I will bring against Tyre from
the north Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon…
He will slay your daughters on the mainland
with the sword;
Encyclopedia Britannica –
After a 13 year siege (585-573 BC) by
Nebuchadrezzar II, Tyre made terms and
acknowledged Babylonian suzerainty.
Ezekiel’s prophecy
3.
The debris from the buildings will be
thrown in the water
Ezekiel 26:12 They will…throw your stones
and your timbers and your debris into the
water.
Encyclopedia Britanicca –
Alexander the Great… completely destroyed the
mainland portion of the town and used its rubble to
build an immense causeway (some 2,600 feet long and
600–900 feet wide) to gain access to the island section.
Ezekiel’s prophecy
4.
5.
Tyre will be made a bare rock
Fishermen will spread their nets over the site
Ezekiel 26:14 And I will make you a bare rock;
you will be a place for the spreading of nets.
...[Tyre] never regained the place she had previously
held in the world. The larger part of the site of the
once great city is now bare as the top of a rock - a
place where the fishermen that still frequent the spot
spread their nets to dry. - Philip Myers, General History for Colleges and
High Schools, 1889, pg 55
Ezekiel’s prophecy
6.
7.
Tyre will not be re-built
Tyre will never retain its former glory
Ezekiel 26:14 - you shall never be rebuilt, for I
the LORD have spoken,' says the Lord GOD.
Ezekiel 26:20-21 "I shall bring terrors on you,
and you will be no more; though you will be
sought, you will never be found again”
Encyclopedia Britannica – Captured and destroyed by
the Muslim Mamluks in 1291, the town never recovered
its former importance.
The Port of Tyre
VirtualTourist
Hard to believe, but it is
from this tranquil fishing
port that Phoenician Tyre
ruled the Mediterranean
Sea around 950 BC. At the
time, Tyre was still an
island, but since Alexander
the Great's conquest in 332
BC, the island has been a
peninsula connected to the
mainland. Nowadays, the
port hosts nothing but
small wooden fishing
boats, and the area around
it is a pleasant place for a
stroll and a meal.
The Jewish Nation
Deut 28:64 - "Then the LORD will scatter you
among
all Christian
peoples, from
one
end Hunt:
of the earth
Noted
author
David
to the
other”
“The
fulfillment of hundreds of
specific prophecies in the ancient
Ezekiel
“Although
have
them far off
and11:16-18
modern
history Iof
thecast
Jewish
among the Gentiles, and although I have scattered
people is God's great sign to
them among the countries, yet I shall be a little
mankind--a
that
no onewhere
can they have
sanctuary
for themsign
in the
countries
mistake
or deny...Jewish
history
gone."
' "Therefore
say, 'Thus says
the Lord GOD: "I
will gather
the peoples,
assemble you from
standsyou
asfrom
a universal
visible
the countries
where
you have
been scattered, and I
monument
to God's
existence”
will give you the land of Israel." '
Messianic Prophecies







All who see me mock me; they hurl insults, shaking their heads: 'He trusts
in the LORD; let the LORD rescue him. Let him deliver him, since he
delights in him (Psalms 22:7-8)
But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our
iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his
wounds we are healed (Isaiah 53:5)
Even my close friend, whom I trusted, he who shared my bread, has lifted
up his heel against me. (Psalms 41:9)
They have pierced my hands and my feet. (Psalms 22:16)
Therefore I will give him a portion among the great, and he will divide the
spoils with the strong, because he poured out his life unto death, and was
numbered with the transgressors. For he bore the sin of many, and made
intercession for the transgressors. (Isaiah 53:12)
They will look on me, the one they have pierced, and they will mourn for
him as one mourns for an only child, and grieve bitterly for him as one
grieves for a firstborn son. (Zechariah 12:10)
For the Gentiles shall seek him. (Isaiah 11:10)
Advanced Medical Knowledge

Sanitary practices:
– Wash in running water (Numbers 19, 31, Leviticus
–
–
–
–
15)
Purify items through fire (Numbers 31)
Bury human waste outside of camp (Deut 23:12)
Burn animal waste (Leviticus 4:11-12)
Don’t eat animals that died of natural causes
(Leviticus 7:24)

Laws of quarantine
(Leviticus 13, 14, 22, Numbers 19:20)
Medic-Planet.com encyclopedia notes that “It was
not until 1873 that leprosy could be shown to be
infectious rather than hereditary.”

Bacteria
Leviticus 13:51-52
If the plague has spread in the
garment, either in the warp or in the
Medic-Planet.com encyclopedia “[leprosy] can
woof, in the leather or in anything
survive three weeks or longer outside the human
plague is an
body, made
such asof
in leather,
dust or onthe
clothing”
active leprosy. It is unclean. He
shall therefore burn that garment in
which is the plague.

Circumcision and blood-clotting
(Gen 17:12, Gen 21:14, Lev 12:3, Luke 2:21)

The First Antiseptic - Hyssop oil
(Numbers 19:18, Psalm 51:7)

Dietary Guidelines
(Genesis 1:29; Daniel 1:12-15)
Advanced Scientific Knowledge
“When the Bible touches on scientific
subjects, it is entirely accurate.” - Dr. Donald
DeYoung, Ph.D. (Physics)

The earth and space
"It is He who sits above the circle of the
earth...(Isaiah 40:22)".
“He stretches out the north over empty space; he
hangs the earth on nothing (Job 26:7)".
Vast number of stars in the universe
‘As the host of heaven (stars) cannot be numbered,
nor the sand of the sea measured, so will I multiply
the descendants of David My servant’ (Jeremiah
33:22)
"Therefore from one man, ...were born as many as
the stars of the sky in multitude-- innumerable as
the sand which is by the seashore. (Hebrews
11:12)"
Job 38:31 “Can
you bind the
cluster of the
Pleiades,
Job 38:31 “Can
you bind the
cluster of the
Pleiades, Or
loose the belt of
Orion?”

The Laws of Thermodynamics
“For the heavens will vanish away like smoke, the
earth will grow old like a garment... (Isaiah 51:6)”
“You, Lord, in the beginning laid the foundation of
the earth, and the heavens are the work of Your
hands. They will perish, but You remain; and they
will all grow old like a garment; (Hebrews 1:10-11)”

The Hydrologic Cycle
Wikipedia - Rain plays a
role in the hydrologic
cycle in which moisture
from the oceans
evaporates, condenses
into drops, precipitates
(falls) from the sky, and
eventually returns to the
ocean via rivers and
streams to repeat the
cycle again.

The Hydrologic Cycle
"All the rivers run into the sea,
yet the sea is not full; to the
place from which the rivers
come, there they return again
(Ecclesiastes 1:7)".
"For He draws up drops of
water, which distill as rain from
the mist, which the clouds drop
down and pour abundantly on
man. (Job 36:27-28)”
Migrating Sea Turtles Have Magnetic Sense for
Longitude
US News & World Report, Feb 2011
"The most difficult part of open-sea navigation is
determining longitude or east-west position. It took
human navigators centuries to figure out how to
determine longitude on their long-distance voyages"

Ocean Currents
“Have you entered the springs of the sea? Or
have you walked in search of the depths?” (Job
38:16)
You have put all things under his feet…the fish of
the sea That pass through the paths of the seas.
(Psalms 8:8)

Man from dust
Genesis 3:19 For dust you are, And to dust
you shall return.
Researchers at NASA's Ames Research Center
confirmed that every element in man can be found
in the soil, prompting one of the scientists to say
“...the biblical scenario for the creation of life turns
out to be not far off the mark” - Readers Digest,
November 1982
“Never make up your mind
about any significant matter
without first considering the
evidence.” – Simon Greenleaf
Textual Integrity
Work
When Written
Earliest Copy
Time Span
No. of copies
Caesar (Gallic Wars)
100-44 B.C.
A.D. 900
1000 yrs
10
Aristotle
384-322 B.C.
A.D. 1100
1,400 yrs
49
Sophocles
496-406 B.C.
A.D. 1000
1,400 yrs
193
Homer (Iliad)
900 B.C.
400 B.C.
500 yrs
643
New Testament
A.D. 40-100
A.D. 125
25 yrs
24,000
“There is no body of ancient literature in the world
which enjoys such a wealth of good textual
attestation as the New Testament” - Scholar F.F. Bruce
Bible vs Historians
Comparison of 29 kings with archeological
corroboration revealed the following:
 The Bible precisely matched
archeological artifacts in both the names
and chronological order of the kings
 Secular historian records seldom
matched names precisely
Bible vs Historians
“That the Hebrew writers should have
transliterated these names with such
accuracy and conformity to philological
principles is a wonderful proof of their
thorough care and scholarship and of their
access to the original sources. That the
names should have been transmitted to us
through so many copyings and so many
centuries in so complete a state of
preservation is a phenomenon unequaled in
the history of literature.” - Dr. R.D. Wilson
Luke, FIRST RANK
HISTORIAN

Governors mentioned by Luke that many
historians never believe existed were
confirmed by the evidence excavated by Sir
William Ramsay’s archeological team.

Without a single error, Luke was accurate in
naming 32 countries, 54 cities, and 9
islands.
Luke, FIRST RANK
HISTORIAN
I began with a mind unfavorable to it...but more
recently I found myself brought into contact with the
Book of Acts as an authority for the topography,
antiquities, and society of Asia Minor. It was gradually
borne upon me that in various details the narrative
showed marvelous truth…Luke is a historian of the
first rank; not merely are his statements of fact
trustworthy...this author should be placed along with
the very greatest historians. – Sir William Ramsey
Archeology
“It may be clearly stated categorically
that no archeological discovery has ever
controverted a single biblical reference.
Scores of archeological findings have
been made which confirm in clear outline
or exact detail historical statements in
the Bible.” – Nelson Glueck
The Battle of Jericho
Joshua 6:20-21 - So the people shouted
when the priests blew the trumpets. And it
happened when the people heard the sound
of the trumpet, and the people shouted with
a great shout, that the wall fell down flat.
Then the people went up into the city,
every man straight before him, and they
took the city.
Important Facts of History

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Jesus lived
Jesus died by Crucifixion
Jesus was buried
The tomb was empty
The disciples believed in a literal risen Jesus
The disciples transformed from frightened
doubters to bold proclaimers of the Gospel
The Resurrection
Now if Christ is preached that He has been
raised from the dead, how do some among
you say that there is no resurrection of the
dead? But if there is no resurrection of the
dead, then Christ is not risen. And if Christ
is not risen, then our preaching is empty
and your faith is also empty.
1 Corinthians 15:12-14
Frequently Asked Questions
And
Answering Objections
1 Peter 3:14-15
Slavery and the Bible
Facebook, March 13, 2012: “Consult the Bible, and
you will discover that the creator of the universe
clearly expects us to keep slaves.
…The only real restraint God counsels on the subject
of slavery is that we not beat our slaves so severely
that we injure their eyes or their teeth (Exodus 21).
…while the abolitionists of the nineteenth century
were morally right, they were on the losing side of a
theological argument.”
Slavery and the Bible
There are different types of “slavery”
 Basic Servitude
 Indentured Servitude
 Vassalage
 Chattel Slavery
 Basic Servitude, ANE
"Freedom in the ancient Near East was a relative, not an
absolute state, as the ambiguity of the term for "slave" in
all the region's languages illustrates. "Slave" could be
used to refer to a subordinate in the social ladder. Thus
the subjects of a king were called his "slaves," even
though they were free citizens. The king himself, if a
vassal, was the "slave" of his emperor; kings, emperors,
and commoners alike were "slaves" of the gods. Even a
social inferior, when addressing a social superior, referred
to himself out of politeness as "your slave.“ ”
‘A History of Ancient Near Eastern Law', vol 1 pg 40.
A collaborative work of twenty-two scholars
 Basic Servitude, Bible
Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, David, Solomon and other kings
are regularly called slaves of Yahweh (Exod 32:13; Lev
25:55; 1 Sam 3:9; Ezra 9:11, etc.).
All the subjects of Israel and Judah are called slaves of
their kings, including even wives, sons, and brothers of
the latter (1 Sam 17:8; 29:3; 2 Sam 19:5, etc.; cf. also
Gen 27:37; 32:4).
Ruth refers to herself as a slave girl of her relative Boaz
(Ruth 3:9).
 Indentured Servitude, ANE
A History of Ancient Near Eastern Law, vol 1 pg 585 "Sales of wives, children, relatives, or oneself, due to
financial duress, are a recurrent feature of the Nuzi socioeconomic scene…Poverty was the cause of these
agreements".
(also see "Life in the Ancient Near East”, 3100-332 BCE,
Daniel C. Snell, Yale:1997)
 Indentured Servitude, the Bible
Lev: 25:39-41: ‘And if one of your brethren who dwells by
you becomes poor, and sells himself to you, you shall not
compel him to serve as a slave. As a hired servant and a
sojourner he shall be with you, and shall serve you until
the Year of Jubilee. And then he shall depart from you—
he and his children with him—and shall return to his own
family.
1 Cor 7:21: Were you a slave when you were called?
Don’t let it trouble you—although if you can gain your
freedom, do so.
 Vassalage, ANE
The purpose of suzerainty treaties… was to guarantee
that a smaller state remained the faithful ally of the
empire and did not pursue an independent foreign
policy.
DG Myers, ‘Glossary Of Biblical Interpretation’,
Department of English, Texas A&M University, 1999
 Vassalage, the Bible
Deut 20:10-11 “When you go near a city to fight against it,
then proclaim an offer of peace to it. And it shall be that if
they accept your offer of peace, and open to you, then all
the people who are found in it shall be placed under
tribute to you, and serve you.”
servants (mas), not "slaves" (ebed, amah)
 Chattel Slavery
ANE ONLY
“… The ANE, however, did NOT have the same ‘respect’
for the face of slaves–besides eye-gouging, they resorted
to branding, cutting of the ears, mutilating the nose, etc–
IN THE LAW CODES! These practices are NOT in
Israel’s law codes’
Glenn Miller, ‘Does God condone slavery in the Bible?’, 2005
 Chattel Slavery,
NOT in the Bible
Chattel slavery did not exist under the Law of Moses!
 Kinship rights (Exodus 21:3, 9, Leviticus 25:41, 47-49,
54)
 Marriage rights (Exodus 21:4, 10-11)
 Personal legal rights relating to physical protection
(Exodus 21:20-21, 26-27, Leviticus 25:39-41)
 Freedom of movement and access to liberty (Deut 15:1,
12; 23:15).
South Carolina Slave Code
legal-dictionary.com
XVII. Any slave who shall be guilty of homicide of any sort,
upon any white person, except by misadventure or in
defence of his master or other person under whose care and
government such slave shall be, shall upon conviction
thereof as aforesaid, suffer death
XXXVII. …Be it enacted, That if any person or persons
whosoever, shall willfully murder his own slave, or the slave
of another person, every such person shall upon conviction
thereof, forfeit and pay the sum of £700 current money …
And if any person shall on a sudden heat of passion… kill his
own slave or the slave of any person, he shall forfeit the sum
of £350 current money.
South Carolina Slave Code
legal-dictionary.com
XXXVII. … And in case any person or persons shall willfully
cut out the tongue, put out the eye, castrate or cruelly scald,
burn, or deprive any slave of any limb or member, or shall
inflict any other cruel punishment, other than by whipping or
beating with a horsewhip, cow-skin, switch or small stick, or
by putting irons on, or confining or imprisoning such slave;
every such person shall for every such offence, forfeit the
sum of £100 current money.
Second fugitive slave law of 1850
 Chattel
Slavery
vs the Bible
The Code of Hammurabi, 16. If any one receive into his
house a runaway male or female slave of the court, or of a
freedman, and does not bring it out at the public
proclamation of the major domus, the master of the house
shall be put to death.
Deut 23:15-16: You shall not give back to his master the
slave who has escaped from his master to you. He may
dwell with you in your midst, in the place which he chooses
within one of your gates, where it seems best to him; you
shall not oppress him.
 Chattel
Slavery
vs the Bible
The Code of Hammurabi, 116. If the prisoner die in prison
from blows or maltreatment, the master of the prisoner shall
convict the merchant before the judge. If he was a free-born
man, the son of the merchant shall be put to death; if it was
a slave, he shall pay one-third of a mina of gold, and all
that the master of the prisoner gave he shall forfeit.
Exodus 21:16 Whoever kidnaps someone and sells him,
or is caught still holding him, must surely be put to death.
Deuteronomy 24:7 If a man is found kidnapping a person
from among his fellow Israelites, and regards him as mere
property and sells him, that kidnapper must die.
Facebook, March 13, 2012:
Me: “…everyone agrees the type of slavery
that occurred in America was wrong, and as I
have showed in both posts, was squarely
against Biblical principles. ”
Skeptic: “Rubbish -- you have not showed any
such thing”.
Where did Cain get his wife ?
Gen 5:4-5 After Seth was born,
Adam lived 800 years and had
other sons and daughters.
Are Genesis 1 & 2 contradictory ?
Gen 2:18-20, NKJV
And the LORD God said, "It is
not good that man should be
alone; I will make him a helper
comparable to him." Out of
the ground the LORD God
formed every beast of the
field and every bird of the air,
and brought them to Adam to
see what he would call them.
NIV: ‘Had formed’ (pluperfect, or past perfect tense)
What about God killing innocent
children?
1 Sam 15:1-3 Now go and attack Amalek, and
utterly destroy all that they have, and do not
spare them. But kill both man and woman,
infant and nursing child, ox and sheep, camel
and donkey.’
God foretold that He would wipe out the Amalekites:
Ex 17:14 Then the LORD said to Moses, "Write this
for a memorial in the book and recount it in the
hearing of Joshua, that I will utterly blot out the
remembrance of Amalek from under heaven."
Saul was to be his instrument of judgment:
1 Sam 15:1-3 Now therefore, heed the voice of the
words of the LORD. Thus says the LORD of hosts: ‘I
will punish Amalek for what he did to Israel, how he
ambushed him on the way when he came up from
Egypt. Now go and attack Amalek, and utterly destroy
all that they have, and do not spare them. But kill both
man and woman, infant and nursing child, ox and
sheep, camel and donkey.’
Saul fails to completely follow God’s
command:
1 Sam 15:9 But Saul and the people spared Agag [the
king] and the best of the sheep, the oxen, the fatlings, the
lambs, and all that was good, and were unwilling to utterly
destroy them. But everything despised and worthless, that
they utterly destroyed.
1 Sam 28:18 Because you did not obey the voice of
the LORD nor execute His fierce wrath upon Amalek,
therefore the LORD has done this thing to you this
day.
From noted apologist Norman Geisler:
“The destruction of their nation was necessitated by
the gravity of their sin. Had some hardcore remnant
survived, they might have resumed their aggression
against the Israelites and God’s plan…they wanted to
wipe out every last one of the Israelites off the face of
the earth” - as quoted in Lee Strobel’s The Case for Faith
But there was a surviving remnant!
2 Sam 1:13-14 Then David said to the young man who
told him, "Where are you from?" And he answered, "I
am the son of an alien, an Amalekite." So David said
to him, "How was it you were not afraid to put forth
your hand to destroy the LORD's anointed?"
The plot thickens…
1 Sam 15:8-9 He also took Agag king of the
Amalekites alive, and utterly destroyed all the
people with the edge of the sword. But Saul
and the people spared Agag and the best of
the sheep, the oxen, the fatlings, the lambs,
and all that was good, and were unwilling to
utterly destroy them. But everything despised
and worthless, that they utterly destroyed.
From the Book of Esther:
Esther 9:24 Because Haman, the son of
Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of
all the Jews, had plotted against the
Jews to annihilate them, …
Do rabbits chew their cud ?
Lev 11:6-7 …the hare, because it chews the cud but
does not have cloven hooves, is unclean to you;
‘raising up what has been swallowed’
Hares practice reflection, which
is essentially the same principle
of ruminant digestion
What about Pi in the Bible ?
qaveh
1 Kings 7:23 And he made the Sea of cast bronze, ten
cubits from one brim to the other; it was completely
round. Its height was five cubits, and a line of thirty
cubits measured its circumference.
Normal variation ‘qav’ was written in the margin.
This was considered a ‘remez’, or hint of something
deeper.
qav numerical value = 106
qaveh numerical value = 111
Adjusting by ratio 111/106 gives circumference within
15 thousandths of an inch!
How did Kangaroos get to Australia ?
Why is There Evil in the
World?
And God saw every thing that he
had made, and, behold, it was very
good. And the evening and the
morning were the sixth day.
Genesis 1:31
And the LORD God commanded the
man, saying, "Of every tree of the garden
you may freely eat; but of the tree of the
knowledge of good and evil you shall not
eat, for in the day that you eat of it you
shall surely die.
Genesis 2:16-17
Just as through one man sin entered
the world, and death through sin, and
thus death spread to all men,
because all sinned
Romans 5:12
1 Cor 15:26 The last enemy that
will be destroyed is death.
“And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes;
there shall be no more death, nor sorrow, nor crying.
There shall be no more pain, for the former things
have passed away.“ - Revelation 21:4-5
What about the different
races, and where did they
come from?
ABC News, ‘We’re All the Same’ 1998
‘More and more scientists find that the
differences that set us apart are cultural, not
racial. Some even say that the word race
should be abandoned because it's
meaningless… What the facts show is that
there are differences among us, but they
stem from culture, not race.’
What does the Bible say about “race”?
Acts 17:26: And He has made from one
blood every nation of men to dwell on all
the face of the earth…
Gal 3:28-29: There is neither Jew nor Greek,
there is neither slave nor free, there is neither
male nor female; for you are all one in Christ
Jesus.
You Can Trust the Bible!
Defending the Bible
Frequently Asked Questions
"And do not be afraid of their threats,
nor be troubled." But sanctify the
Lord God in your hearts, and always
be ready to give a defense to everyone
who asks you a reason for the hope that
is in you, with meekness and fear.
1 Peter 3:14-15
Eph 6:11-18 Put on the whole armor of God, that you
may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. For
we do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against
principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the
darkness of this age, against spiritual hosts of
wickedness in the heavenly places… Stand therefore,
having girded your waist with truth, having put on the
breastplate of righteousness, and having shod your
feet with the preparation of the gospel of peace; above
all, taking the shield of faith with which you will be able
to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked one. And take
the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit,
which is the word of God; praying always with all prayer
and supplication in the Spirit
Ephesians 6:11-18
www.bibleEvidences.com
www.tektonics.org
The End!
 Chattel Slavery,
ANE ONLY
‘A [chattel] slave was property. The slaveowner’s rights
over his slave-property were total, covering the person as
well as the labor of the slave. The slave was kinless,
stripped of his or her old social identity in the process of
capture, sale and deracination, and denied to capacity to
forge new bonds of kinship through marriage alliance.
These are the three basic components of [chattel]
slavery.’
Peter Garnsey, ‘Ideas of Slavery from Aristotle to
Augustine’, 1996
 Indentured Servitude,
Bible vs ANE
‘Pentateuchal prescriptions are meant to mitigate the
causes of and need for such bondservice. Resident
aliens, orphans and widows are not to be abused,
oppressed or deprived of justice. When money is lent to
the poor, they are not to be charged interest. (Elsewhere
in the ancient Near East exorbitant interest rates on
loans were the chief cause of people being sold into
slavery).’ Article ‘Slavery’, in ‘Dictionary of the Old
Testament Pentateuch’.
Deut 23:19: You shall not charge interest to your brother interest on money or food or anything that is lent out at
interest. To a foreigner you may charge interest…
Answer: 1
There is only
one Human
“Race”!
Acts 17:26: And He has made from one blood
every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the
earth…
Different shades of one color: melanin
On the Origin of
Species by Means of
Natural Selection or
the Preservation of
Favoured Races in the
Struggle for Life –
Charles Darwin, 1859 1st
Edition, 1860 2nd Edition
‘Biological arguments for racism may have been
common before 1859, but they increased by
orders of magnitude following the acceptance of
evolutionary theory.’ Steven Jay Gould,
Ontogeny and Phylogeny, 1977.
“Rushton ranks the
races along an evolutionary
scale with blacks at the
bottom and Asians at the
top.”
Excerpt from "In Genes We
Trust: When Science Bows to
Racism," by Barry Mehler