PARTS OF A SPEECH
Continued
II. Body
A. Purpose
B. Organizational Patterns
C. Transitions
D. Types of Support
III. Conclusion
A. Goals
B. Format Techniques
II. BODY
A. PURPOSE OF THE BODY OF A SPEECH
1.Contains the main points
2.Provides evidence and proof necessary to
achieve the general purpose of the speech
3.Outlining is the best technique to use in planning and
constructing a speech. Can be transferred to note
cards, or used to generate a manuscript, from which
the speech can be delivered.
ACTIVITY:
Organizational Possibilities
You are to take the following list and
organize the items in ways that make
sense.
 Title/label each category.
 Organize in as many methods as make
sense.

ITEMS










Blender
Typewriter
TV
Pillow
Toaster
Spoon
Laptop
Stapler
Blanket
Blinds










Ladle
Pen
Post-Its
Phone
Chair
Curtains
Couch
Bed
Strainer
Bowl
Recipe Card
Report
Table
Desk
Newspaper
Some Possibilities



Rooms
Size
Characteristics
 Appliances
 Paper
 Furniture





Electric vs. non-electric
Soft vs. hard
Ease of portability vs. difficulty
Food vs. non-food relationship
Container vs. non-container
II. BODY (continued)
B. ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS
1. CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
2. SPATIAL
3. TOPICAL
4. PROBLEM-SOLUTION ORDER
5. ORDER OF IMPORTANCE/CLIMACTIC
ORDER
6. CAUSE-EFFECT ORDER
7. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST ORDER
B. ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS
1. CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
Develops in the same order that the events happen. A speech which
discusses the history of women’s rights could be put into this
organizational pattern.
2. SPATIAL ORDER
Uses space arrangements to tie the parts of a speech together. If your
speech deals with a specific place, such as a vacation spot, this pattern
would prove useful.
3. TOPICAL ORDER
The subject is broken down into parts. All of the smaller parts fit
together to form the whole topic. For example types of fishing, or
events at a gymnastics meet.
B. ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS
(continued)
4. PROBLEM-SOLUTION ORDER
This presents a problem that exists and develops a solution to the problem. A
topic which could fit into this type of pattern would be identifying a particular
pollution problem and illustrating ways to solve it.
5. ORDER OF IMPORTANCE/CLIMACTIC ORDER
Begin with the most important detail first and work down to the least important
detail. Or begin with the least important detail and work to the most important
detail.
6. CAUSE-EFFECT ORDER
Explain certain causes or conditions first. Then you discuss the effects or
results that they bring about.
7. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST ORDER
Information is arranged to show similarities and differences between items.
PRACTICE:
ORGANIZATIONAL
PATTERNS
BROAD TOPIC: CARS
Depending upon your narrowed topic and
your general purpose you should be able
to select the best organizational pattern for
your speech.
Topic: Cars
General Purpose: To inform
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience
about the history of the automobile
Best choice for organizational pattern:
Chronological
Topic: Cars
General Purpose: to inform
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about
the basic parts of an automobile.
Best organizational pattern choice:
Spatial (interior to exterior/front to back/back to
front/top to bottom)
Topic: Cars
General Purpose: To persuade
Specific Purpose: To persuade my
audience why car A is a better automobile
than car B.
Best organizational pattern choice:
Compare & Contrast
Topic: Cars
General Purpose: To persuade
Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that
cars are a major cause of pollution.
Best organizational pattern choices:
Causal (cause and effect) or
Problem-Solution
Topic: Cars
General Purpose: To inform
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of
the safety issues related to most
automobiles.
Best Organizational choice:
Order of Importance/Climactic order
ACTIVITY:
Identifying Organizational
Patterns
Many citizens are victimized every year by
incompetent lawyers.
II.
A bill requiring lawyers to stand for
recertification every 10 years will do much to
help solve the problem.
Problem-solution
I.
Identifying Organizational
Patterns
I.
II.
III.
IV.
The outermost section of the Egyptian burial tomb
was the entrance passage.
The next section of the Egyptian burial tomb was the
antechamber.
The third section of the Egyptian burial tomb was the
treasury.
The innermost section of the Egyptian burial tomb
was the burial chamber.
spatial
Identifying Organizational
Patterns
I.
II.
Sickle-sell anemia is a hereditary blood
disease caused by abnormal blood cells.
The effects of sickle-cell anemia include liver
damage, blindness, paralysis, and early
death.
Causal (cause/effect)
Identifying Organizational
Patterns
I.
II.
III.
IV.
As a social worker, Jane Addams founded the
settlement house movement in Chicago.
As a reformer, Jane Addams campaigned for childlabor laws, unemployment compensation, and better
public sanitation.
As a suffragist, Jane Addams fought to give women
the vote.
As a writer, Jane Addams is best known for her
autobiographical Twenty Years at Hull House.
topical
Identifying Organizational
Patterns
I.
II.
III.
IV.
The head was protected by a helmet.
The torso was protected by shoulder pieces, palates,
a breastplate, a skirt of tasses and a tuille.
The arms and hands were protected by brassards,
elbow pieces, and gauntlets.
The legs and feet were protected by cuisses, knee
pieces, jambeaux, and sollerets.
spatial
Identifying Organizational
Patterns
I.
II.
Disposable batteries have become one of
America’s most serious environmental
problems.
The problem can be solved by a combination
of business, government, and individual
action.
Problem-solution
NOTECARD/CD-ROM
ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITY
II. BODY (continued)
C. TRANSITIONS
 Transitions are words or word phrases that
bridge or link ideas together. They help the
speech to flow.
 Make sure you select a transition that suits
the connection.
 Refer to class handout.
II. BODY (continued)
D. TYPES OF SUPPORT USED IN THE BODY OF A SPEECH
1.FACT
2. OPINION
3. EXPERT OPINION
4.EXAMPLE
5. ILLUSTRATION
6. ANECDOTE
7. STATISTICS
8. DEFINITION
9. DESCRIPTION
10. QUOTATION
11. COMPARISONS:
a. Figurative comparison
b. Literal comparison
c. Contrast
D. TYPES OF SUPPORT USED IN
THE BODY OF A SPEECH
1. FACT: Information that can be proven or
verified.(in-text cite)
2. OPINION: personal belief or attitude,
cannot be proven.
3. EXPERT OPINION: Statement of belief
from an authority on the subject. (in-text
cite)
D. TYPES OF SUPPORT USED IN
THE BODY OF A SPEECH
4. EXAMPLE: Single instance that supports or
develops a statement.
(quote/paraphrase/your own creation)
5. ILLUSTRATION: A detailed example.
6. ANECDOTE: brief story, often humorous
used to give information, in a memorable,
enjoyable way.
D. TYPES OF SUPPORT USED IN
THE BODY OF A SPEECH
7. STATISTICS: numerical facts. Use them carefully
and accurately. Do not overuse or misrepresent
statistics. Make a comparison we understand.
(In-text cite)
8. DEFINITION: Explains the meaning of a word or
concept.(in-text cite)
9. DESCRIPTION: Creating a picture or image of
something in your audience’s mind through
effective word choices.
10. QUOTATION: Expresses someone’s exact
words. Must give credit to the source/cite.
D. TYPES OF SUPPORT USED IN
THE BODY OF A SPEECH
11. COMPARISONS:
a. Figurative comparison: shows similarities
between unlike things in an imaginative or
creative way
b. Literal comparison: real similarities between
things that are basically alike
c. Contrast: highlights the differences between
two things.
III. THE CONCLUSION
A. GOALS OF A CONCLUSION:
1. Re-emphasize key ideas
2. Intensify the emotions/feelings of the
audience
3. HAVE STRONG, EFFECTIVE LAST WORDS
HEARD! The last words are the ones the
audience is the most likely to remember!
4. NEVER introduce new information in the
conclusion.
III. THE CONCLUSION
B. CONCLUDING TECHNIQUES
1. SUMMARY TECHNIQUE:
Briefly emphasize the main points again
2. RECOMMENDATION TECHNIQUE
Statements that tell an audience the specific behavior the speaker
wants them to follow
3. STIRRING ENDING/DRAMATIC STATEMENT
Helps intensify the emotion/feelings that the speaker wants the
audience to experience. Might use a final story, quote, personal
experience, etc.
4. REFER BACK TO THE INTRODUCTION: Helps create a
psychological full circle for the audience.
5. MIXED METHODS: Any combination of the above.