Lesson ten
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Definitions
Connectives
Vocabulary
Text discussion
Definitions
1. Virtual goods
2. Social network
3. Sustainable product
4. A brick and mortar company
Virtual goods
Virtual goods are items that exist and can be
bought solely online. (Axel, Jonas, Gustaf,
Andreas)
Virutal goods are objects that only exist in
games and applications (Martin, Jonas, Gustaf)
Virtual goods are non-physical possessions that
exist within a community based software (Sofie,
Magnus, Vilhelm)
Social network
A social network is a place where you can interact
with other people, both new and old
acquaintances. (Malin, Johanna, David, Erik)
A social network is a meeting spot where you can
talk to people. (Fanny, Anton, Chia, Irina)
A social network is a an online platform with the
main purpose of connecting people. (Andrea, Anna)
Sustainable product
A sustainable product is a product which will have a
positive impact on the environment, society or the
economy, and at the same time protect the
environment and public health. (Fanny, Anton, Chia,
Irina)
A sustainable product is goods that during their
lifetime does not negatively affect the environment
and public health. (Sofie, Magnus, Vilhelm)
Brick and mortar company
A brick and mortar company is someone who has as their
profession to build walls and buildings out of rectangular
shaped dried mud. (Fanny, Anton, Chia, Irina)
A brick and mortar company is a business that produces
material goods. (Axel, Jonas, Gustaf, Andreas)
A brick and mortar company is an enterprise with a
physical business for consumer relations, often used in
contrast with internet-based companies. (Andrea, Anna)
Brick and mortar examples
Can classes over the Internet be as effective as
classes in a brick and mortar school?
Well, again, while everyone's going to the real
malls, the brick and mortar malls, you can go
here and you can click and order at
Reallybigmall.com. Seventeen hundred stores,
lots of fun.
Connectives
There was no longer any abdominal pain. However, the
patient experienced low back pain and cramps in the legs.
Both the doctor and the patient agreed on the treatment. The
patient, however, wanted to start the treatment earlier.
Before you decide to be a soldier, you have to read these
books.
*Before becoming deputy chairman of the Defence Council
under Gorbachev. Baklanov had been in the CPSU secretariat.
Connectives
He previously worked in the Ministry of Finance. He comes, therefore,
with a great deal of experience and expertise.
They even had food for a day or two. Nevertheless, he was not
relaxed.
The organization has both limited powers and limited funds.
Furthermore, it has not right of access to countries outside the treaty.
Other constancies may turn out to have similarly straightforward
explanations. Indeed, perceptual constancies are only a puzzle if it is
assumed that the visual system acts like a camera
Because she was my mother, I expected her to know the right choice.
Connectives
In general, short acting drugs are better for this
condition than those with a prolonged action.
He seemed unaware of some basic details about
you. For example, what you look like.
Pedometers are not too expensive and are available
from most sports shops. In conclusion, walking is a
cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of
exercise.
Connectives
Studying how light (or other electromagnetic
radiation) interacts with matter is an important
and versatile tool of the chemist. _______ ,
much of our knowledge of chemical substances
comes form their specific absorption of
transmission of light.
Connectives - exercise
Studying how light (or other electromagnetic
radiation) interacts with matter is an important
and versatile tool of the chemist. Indeed, much
of our knowledge of chemical substances comes
form their specific absorption of transmission of
light.
Connectives - exercise
Suppose you look at two solutions of the same
substance, one a deeper color than the other.
Your common sense tells you that the darker
colored solution is the more concentrated one.
____________, as the color of the solution
deepens, you infer that its concentration also
increases. This is an underlying principle of
spectrophotometry: the intensity of color is a
measure of the amount of a material in solution.
Connectives - exercise
Suppose you look at two solutions of the same
substance, one a deeper color than the other.
Your common sense tells you that the darker
colored solution is the more concentrated one.
In other words, as the color of the solution
deepens, you infer that its concentration also
increases. This is an underlying principle of
spectrophotometry: the intensity of color is a
measure of the amount of a material in solution.
Connectives - exercise
A second principle of spectrophotometry is that
every substance absorbs or transmits certain
wavelengths of radiant energy but not other
wave lengths.__________, chlorophyll always
absorbs red and violet light while transmitting
the yellow, green and blue wavelengths.
Connectives - exercise
A second principle of spectrophotometry is that
every substance absorbs or transmits certain
wavelengths of radiant energy but not other
wave lengths. For example, chlorophyll always
absorbs red and violet light while transmitting
the yellow, green and blue wavelengths.
Connectives - exercise
The transmitted and reflected wavelengths appear
green – the color our eye “sees.” The light energy
absorbed or transmitted must match exactly the
energy required to cause an electronic transition in
the substance under consideration. Only certain
wavelength photons satisfy this energy condition.
____________, the absorption or transmission of
specific wavelengths is characteristic for a
substance, and a spectral analysis serves as a
“fingerprint” of the compound.
Connectives - exercise
The transmitted and reflected wavelengths appear
green – the color our eye “sees.” The light energy
absorbed or transmitted must match exactly the
energy required to cause an electronic transition in
the substance under consideration. Only certain
wavelength photons satisfy this energy condition.
Thus, the absorption or transmission of specific
wavelengths is characteristic for a substance, and a
spectral analysis serves as a “fingerprint” of the
compound.
Connectives – exercise 2
A.
Nuclear power plants do not produce chemical pollutants such as
sulfur dioxide or PCBs. However, they
_________________________
B.
Synthetic fuels are difficult to manufacture. In fact,
__________________________________
C.
White light appears to be devoid of any color. In actuality, though,
________________________
D. More and more automobile engines are being built today that use
fuel injection instead of carburetors. Nevertheless,
______________________________________________
Vocabulary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
It was the least convivial scientific field trip of all time.
He could not be induced to return.
Planets were inclined to orbit in an ellipse.
He declined to share his solution.
He was capable of the most riveting strangeness.
He was a secret adherent of a dangerously heretical
sect.
7. His attachment to alchemy was no less ardent.
8. It was a beacon to those who could follow it.
Vocabulary
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
The first law stated very baldly that a thing moves in the direction
in which it is pushed.
Halley boldly called on the university’s Professor of Mathematics,
Isaac Newton.
It was an almost ludicrously ambitious undertaking.
They were nothing if not tenacious.
Listlessly they completed their survey.
The notion lay dormant for another thirty years.
The idea simmered.
Mason and Dixon were now evidently more seasoned.
Nothing was more ingenious than a machine he had designed.
We must begin with a brilliant and genial man.
Study questions
1.
Was the French expedition to South American trouble-free?
Justify your answer with examples.
2.
What is Bryson’s own answer to the question of why they were in
the Andes? What was the real reason?
3.
What did Halley do? What did he not do?
4.
What Halley’s greatest contribution to human knowledge
according to Bryson?
5.
What resulted from Halley’s meeting with Newton?
6.
What phenomena do Newton’s laws explain?
Study questions
7.
What was central to the problem of weighing the Earth?
8.
Who successfully charted the transit of Venus? What is he
perhaps better know for?
9.
Who was John Michell and what contributions did he make to
science?
10. Who was Cavendish and that sort of a person was he?
11. What did he discover and what did he anticipate?
12. How many pounds are there in a metric ton, a tonne?
Discussion points
On page 72 in Bryson’s A short history of nearly everything, he writes:
“Once in a great while a few times in history, a human mind produces
an observation so acute and unexpected that people can’t quite decide
which is the more amazing – the fact or the thinking of it”
In relation to the “what if...”-text you discussed whether discoveries
are completely dependent on chance and particular individuals, or if
discoveries become inevitable when knowledge progress to a certain
point. Based on what you have read in the Bryson book, would you say
that the historical facts described by Bryson strengthen one or the
other side of that discussion?
Discussion points
In the introduction Bryson writes that the idea of the
book was to “...see if it isn’t possible to understand and
appreciate [...] the wonder and accomplishment of
science at a level that isn’t too technical or demanding,
but isn’t entirely superficial either”.
Based on what you have read so far, do you thing he has
managed to do what he set out to do. What are the main
strengths and weaknesses of describing science in the
way Bryson does?
Discussion points
Several times in the book, Bryson writes about
scientists throughout history that have made
significant discoveries without anyone being aware
of this. He also writes in the introduction that his
main motivation for writing the book was that he
felt he had little knowledge about many basic
natural phenomena. In this context what would you
say are the biggest problems of spreading scientific
information today, both among the scientific
community and among the general public?
Bryson book review
• Critical evaluation of the book
• Put the book in a wider context
• Point of departure for a more general
discussion on a topic that is relevant to the
book’s content
Possible topics
• The views on science and scientists,
historically and today.
• Do we need to popularize science? If we do,
what is the best way to do it?
Review
• original title
• introduce the book
• people who have not read the book should understand the
review
• give the reader a general understanding of the book’s
content and style
• critically evaluate the book
• serve as an illustration or example of the theme that you
are discussing
• avoid any references to yourself
• between 600 and 900 words
• Deadline: beginning of December