Big Idea 9: Changes in Matter
Grade 5 Topic VI
Physical and Chemical Changes in Matter
Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support Specialist – Science
Keisha Kidd, Curriculum Support Specialist – Science
Dr. Millard Lightburn, Instructional Supervisor
Department of Mathematics and Science
Department of Mathematics and Science
Topic VI: Physical and Chemical Changes in Matter
Benchmarks
• SC.5.P.9.1 Investigate and describe that many physical and chemical changes
are affected by temperature.
• SC.5.N.1.1 Define a problem, use appropriate reference materials to support
scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigations of
various types such as: systematic observations, experiments requiring the
identification of variables, collecting and organizing data, interpreting data in
charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and
defend conclusions.
• SC.5.N.2.1 Recognize and explain that science is grounded in empirical
observations that are testable; explanation must always be linked with
evidence.
• LACC.5.SL.1.1 Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (oneon-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 5 topics
and texts, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.
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All Matter has Properties, but Matter
also undergoes Changes
Look at a cube of sugar. What are its physical properties?
It’s white. It’s shape is a cube. It smells sweet. It’s made of sugar
crystals.
If you crush it, it will still be sugar. What was changed?
Only it’s shape. It is still made up of sweet, sugar crystals.
Matter has physical properties that can be observed
without changing the type of matter.
Matter can also change in ways that do not affect the
type of matter.
These changes are called physical changes.
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Take a piece of paper and change it in some way
How did you change it?
• Folding
Bending
• Tearing
Cutting
• Crumpling
Why are the changes that you all made to the paper
just physical changes?
The paper is still paper. You can unfold it.
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Matter has other properties that cannot be
observed without changing its identity
What will happen if I hold a lit match to a piece of paper?
Yes, the paper will burn. Observe as I demonstrate
lighting a piece of paper with a match.
What happened to the paper?
The paper changes into ash and smoke.
(The smoke is carbon dioxide gas, and water vapor.)
What kind of change is burning paper?
During a chemical change, substances react
and form new substances. Did this happen?
Yes, burning is a chemical change.
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Compare and Contrast
Property Changes
Physical Change
 A physical change is a change
in the physical properties of
matter. The matter changed in
how it looks, but what it is
made out of does not change.
 A change that takes place
when a substance changes in
size, shape or form. The
particles of matter do not
change.
Chemical Changes
 A chemical change is a change
in the chemical properties of
matter. A chemical change
occurs when two or more kinds
of matter combine to form a
new substance with different
properties.
 A change that takes place when
a substance is completely
altered. The particles of matter
do change.
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More on Physical Changes
What is happening to the ice cubes?
• They’re melting.
• If you add enough heat energy to ice, it turns into
liquid water, then it turns into a gas called water vapor.
• If you cool the substance, by taking away heat energy,
you can reverse these changes.
• You can change a gas into a liquid and
a liquid into a solid.
What type of change is this?
• Changing from one state to another state is an example
of a physical change.
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Physical change is often due
to a change in temperature
How does heat affect physical changes?
Some types of matter change state when
enough heat is added to it (melting)
or taken away from it (freezing*).
What are some examples of each?
*Water freezes at 0 ̊ Celsius or 32 ̊ Fahrenheit
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States of Water
Water changes to steam, a gas, when it is
heated to its boiling point*, as water vapor
cools it condenses back to form a liquid
Click on the pan of water to
watch an interactive simulation.
*Water boils at 100 ̊ Celsius or 212 ̊ Fahrenheit
Department of Mathematics and Science
What are some Different Ways
that Matter Changes Physically?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Crushing
Folding
Bending
Tearing
Cutting
Crumbling
Sanding
Smashing
Peeling
• Melting *
• Freezing *
*A process in which a
type of matter changes
state when enough heat
is added to it (melting)
or taken away from it
(freezing).
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Making Cookies
Imagine that you and your mom are making
cookies. You mix all the ingredients together in a
bowl. Next you spoon out cookie dough onto a
baking sheet. Then you place the sheet in a hot
oven to bake. The change that turns the dough
into a cookie is called a _____________.
Yes, a chemical change
Chemical changes are also called reactions. Why?
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Chemical Changes
Chemical changes produce new substances
that have different properties than the original
substances.
What are some examples of chemical changes?
• Burning
• Rusting
• Cooking and baking
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Change: Physical or Chemical?
Demonstration Lab
– Essential question What type of change was observed?
– Materials: vinegar, baking soda, empty water bottle, balloon,
graduated cylinder, funnel, 5 mL spoon
– Procedures:
1. Place a funnel into the opening of a balloon.
2. Measure 5 mL of baking soda and pour it into the funnel that is
attached to the balloon.
3. Measure 30 mL of vinegar and pour it into the bottle.
4. Attach the balloon keeping the bottom of the balloon with the
baking soda to the side.
5. Lift up the balloon slowly and carefully and allow the baking soda
to move down the bottle mixing with the vinegar.
6. Observe with your 4 senses (see, hear, smell and feel).
Write an observation summary in your science notebooks of what you
have just observed, what type of reaction
occurred, and why.
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What are some signs of a chemical change
that can be seen?
Signs or clues can include:
• Change in odor
• Change in color
• Change in taste
• Change in mass
• Forming bubbles (giving off a gas)
• Giving off smoke
• Giving off light
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Physical & Chemical Changes of Matter
Essential Lab 2 Physical and Chemical Changes-Martian Fuel (Student)
Essential Lab 2 Physical and Chemical Changes-Martian Fuel (Teacher)
Physical and Chemical Changes: Martian Fuel
Introduction:
Imagine that we are the first group of astronauts to land on Mars. Our
space ship’s fuel tanks were lost during landing. Some friendly
Martians have offered to help us make fuel. However, Mars doesn’t
have the ingredients to make the type of fuel that is used on Earth.
The Martians have told us that none of the substances that we have
on our ship right now can be used as rocket fuel, but we might be
able to fuel the rocket by creating an entirely new substance from
supplies we already have. All that we have to work with are some
supplies from our ship’s first-aid kit and food stores, including
antacid, baking soda, lemon juice, vinegar, milk, Kool-Aid
powder, ice, and Play-doh.
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Chemical changes change the chemical nature and
properties of substances to form new substances
What are some examples of chemical properties?
• Corrosion of metal—when iron combines with
oxygen in the air, rust forms
• Gas bubbles— Baking soda combines with
vinegar, carbon dioxide forms
• A change in color (browning of fruit - decay) – an
apple is peeled and reaction with oxygen in the
air
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More on Chemical Changes
•
Chemical changes can happen quickly or slowly.
•
Chemical changes to matter can be produced by
heating.
•
Light energy can produce a chemical change in
some materials.
•
Sometimes when two substances combine, energy
is released.
•
Chemical changes are often difficult to reverse.
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Review
1. What is a chemical change?
Answer: A chemical change produces substances that have new
properties.
2. How is a chemical change different than a physical change?
Answer: A physical change does not produce new substances like a
chemical change does. It only changes physical properties.
3. How is heat involved in chemical changes?
Answer: Sometimes heating can cause chemical changes. Sometimes
chemical changes give off heat.
4. How is heat involved in physical changes?
Answer: Sometimes adding heat to matter can change its state when enough heat is added to it can cause melting or if heat is
taken away it can cause freezing of the matter.
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Quiz: Decide if each example is a
physical or chemical change
Example of Change
1. Water boiling into steam
2. An ice cream melting
3. A bicycle rusting in the
rain
4. A banana turning brown
5. Tearing paper into pieces
6. A candle wick burning
7. Water freezing into ice
8. A carton of milk going
sour
9. A loaf of bread cut into
slices
10.Burning toast in the
toaster
Physical or Chemical
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8
9.
10.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Physical and Chemical Change Resources:
Free Brain POP:
Matter Changing
Property Changes
Scholastic Study Jams:
Physical & Chemical Changes of Matter
CHEM4KIDS:
Changing States of Matter
Chemical Reactions
PBS Learning Media:
http://wlrn.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/idptv11.sci.phys.matter.d4ksow/states-of-water/
Discovery Education Science Content:
• Exploration: Chemical Changes
• Reading Passage: Keep it in the Dark
• Video: Chemical Changes
• Video: Chemical Reactions
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Teacher Resource
Teaching Channel: 5E’s grade 5 science lesson
video on teaching chemical and physical
changes:
https://www.teachingchannel.org/videos/teaching-physical-and-chemical-changes
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