COSMOS ONE: THE FIRST SOLAR SAIL
a project of
The Planetary Society
with Cosmos Studios
Babakin Space Center, Space Research Insitute, Makeev Rocket Design Bureau
Cosmos 1 – Major Players
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The Planetary Society: Louis Friedman -- Project Director
Cosmos Studios: Ann Druyan -- Project Sponsor
The Arts & Entertainment Network – Project Co-sponsor
Babakin Space Center: K. Pichkhadze, V. Kudyrashov – System
Space Research Institute, RAS: V. Linkin, V. Gotlib - Electronics
James Cantrell -- Contract Manager
Greg Delory, UCB -- Data System Manager
Bud Schurmeier -- Review Chair
Malin Space Science Systems – Imaging
Ecliptic Enterprises – Project Operations Support
Launch vehicle: Volna, from the Makeev Rocket Design Bureau
UCB Space Sciences Laboratory – additional ground station
Web Site, Public Relations – Zoomwerks, Warren Betts; and The
Planetary Society staff
The Stories of Cosmos 1
Russian – American
friendships
Swords into plowshares
Non-governmental “we make it
happen” organization
Cosmos 1 - Goal
• To achieve the first solar sail flight
• All other goals are secondary
– Pictures of Sail and Earth from orbit
– Technological data
– Duration of flight
“We have lingered for too long on the shores of the
cosmic ocean; it’s time to set sail for the stars.”
Carl Sagan
Solar Sailing
Why?
• Pathway to the Stars
• Interplanetary travel without fuel
• Gossamer technology
COSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECT
THE PLANETARY SOCIETY
BABAKIN SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTER
COSMOS STUDIOS
SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS
VOLNA LAUNCH VEHICLE
Makeev Rocket Design Bureau and Russian Navy
LV VOLNA is being developed on the base of SLBM SS-N-18. For providing the orbital
launches the LV is equipped with solid kick-motor. Payload of the LV VOLNA is
accommodated in a protected capsule mounted in the warhead section of the SLBM.
Basic characteristics
Number of stages ………… 3
Launch weight, t …….…… 35.3
Overall dimensions of LV, m:
– length …………………… 14.1
– diameter ………………… 1.8
Launch pad…….………….. submarine
Performance
Launch place
Barents
Sea
Ocean
Orbital type
Circular
Orbital altitude, km
600
Inclination, deg
70 – 80
Payload mass, kg
50
MIRV bus
(3-rd stage)
Payload area
2-nd stage
fuel tank
Pacific
Circular
900
52
50
2-nd stage
oxidizer tank
2-nd stage
engine
1-st stage
oxidizer tank
1-st stage
fuel tank
1-st stage
engine
Loading the Volna
on to the Submarine
Borisoglebsk
The Launch
Sub-orbital Flight Result
20 July 2001
• Partial success:
– New launch team developed
– Payload integration and testing,
accommodation
– Sail payload development
– Babakin adds: “launch from the submarine”
• Partial failure
– No deployment test
COSMOS 1: THE FIRST SOLAR SAIL
2002-3 Orbital Mission
Orbital Mission Parameters
• Approximate initial orbit: 800 km circular
• Inclination approximately 78 degrees
• Ground tracking stations
– Bear’s Lake (S-band), Tarusa (UHF) near Moscow
– University of California, Berkeley: S-band
– Possibly NOAA in Fairbanks, Alaska
• Mission duration: sufficient to measure orbital
energy increase in controlled flight from solar
pressure (days); 1 month is design goal
COSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECT
THE PLANETARY SOCIETY
BABAKIN SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTER
COSMOS STUDIOS
SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS
2-ND LAUNCH – SOLAR SAIL DEMONSTRATION FLIGHT
LAUNCH AND INJECTION PROFILE
Spacecraft spin-up.
 = 10 rad/s
Pressure reducing
inside payload
compartment
3-rd stage overturn.
Spacecraft separation.
T = 378 s
Apogee kick
impulse
T = 1153 s
Orientation
to the Sun
Spacecraft
spin-off
Kick motor and
protective cover
separation
TPS motor
Sail deployment
VOLNA 2-nd
stage separation
3-rd stage ignition
VOLNA 2-nd
stage ignition
VOLNA 1-st stage
separation
VOLNA launch from
the KALMAR (DELTA III)
type submarine
Solar sail operational orbit:
• inclination……………………………. 78.6°
• perigee altitude……………………. 832 km
• apogee altitude…………………….. 840 km
• orbital period……………………….. 104 min
Time of existence in the shadow…… 35 min
Insertion duration……………………..  1168 s
Duration of the in-orbit operation…… 3 months
COSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECT
THE PLANETARY SOCIETY
BABAKIN SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTER
COSMOS STUDIOS
SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS
SOLAR SAIL SPACECRAFT GENERAL VIEWS
Solar sail blades
Antennas
Cameras
Protective cover
Sun sensor
Solar array
Orbital platform
(sail is not shown)
Sail deployed configuration
Solar sail blades
(stowed position)
Attitude control
thrusters
Apogee solid
rocket kick motor
Launch configuration
Equipment bay
Flight configuration
COSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECT
THE PLANETARY SOCIETY
BABAKIN SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTER
COSMOS STUDIOS
SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS
SOLAR SAIL SPACECRAFT IN DEVELOPMENT (1)
COSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECT
THE PLANETARY SOCIETY
BABAKIN SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTER
COSMOS STUDIOS
SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS
SOLAR SAIL BLADE IN DEVELOPMENT
Publicity