Engineering 176
(Space) Machine Design
First Meeting January 23, 2003
Dr. Rick Fleeter
rfleeter@mindspring.com
cell 703 599.5885
http://www.rickfleeter.com
Meeting #1: 1
Engin 176 Introduction
Why Space Vehicles?
• Big
– Mil Spec Batteries
– Large Deployable,
articulated solar arrays
– Large Volume ÷ Area:
=> Heat matters
=> heaters / radiators
• Small
– Commercial NiCads
(but relatively larger
fraction of total mass)
– Fixed, Body mounted
cells (small V÷A =>
volume, not W, limit)
=> passive thermal
Meeting #1: 2
Engin 176 Introduction
New Technologies:
specs, and sometimes they even work
1880 Light Bulb
17th century car
Wireless comms 1927
First flight 1903
Engin 176 Introduction
Meeting #1: 3
The Logic of Macrospace
• Humans as most compact
computer
• Entertainment
• Historical Precedent
• Geosynchronous:
– big rockets
– big antennas
– high power
• Threatening Opponents
Meeting #1: 4
Engin 176 Introduction
(Putative*)
*vs. why Engin
companies
176 Introduction really make things smaller
Meeting #1: 5
Defining the Television
• Functionality
– Video rate imagery
• Preferably in color
• Integral display
– N x M pixel
resolution
– FM Audio
• Integral speaker
– VHF / UHF tuner
• Applications
– Fixed:
• Couch
• Office
• Store Window
• Classroom
• Sale Point
– Portable
• Car / bus / aircraft
• Stadium / waiting
room
• Beach, park, pool
Meeting #1: 6
Engin 176 Introduction
Re-Defining the Television
•
•
•
•
•
Control Panels
Pilot / Driver
Voting booths
ATM
Electronic books,
newspapers
• Computer Monitors
Meeting #1: 7
Engin 176 Introduction
<1000 kg = small
< 100 kg = micro
< 10 kg = nano
<
1 kg = pico
< 100 g = femto
Engin 176 Introduction
6 Amsats mounted on Ariane
ASAP structure below SPOT-1.
Meeting #1: 8
Ariane IV fairing is visible right.
µSpace Inhabitants
HETE: High Energy Transient Experiment
Mission: Gamma Ray Burst Detection
X-ray, Gamma-ray, UV detectors
Client: MIT / NASA OSSA
Budget: $12M, fixed price, excluding launch
Schedule: ‘92 Start; Launch Nov. ‘96 (Pegasus) relaunch 2000
Specs:
Engin 176 Introduction
1 year lifetime - 3 year goal
Mass 120 kg; bus mass 55 kg
65 W continuous to payload
80M ips@ 32 bits; 60 Mbyte memory
S-band 250 kbaud down, 19.2kbaud up
UHF @ 1200 baud down
3 Master GSs; 20+ receive only GSs
2.5 axis stabilization - single mo. Wheel
sun point with slew capabilityMeeting #1:
9
Evolution of Space Stuff
?
Time ->
Bitsy Concept
•
Designed for 1-20 kg Missi ons
•
Low Data Rat e Comms Syst em
(9600 bps)
•
•
High D ata Rate Comms System
(100 kbps)
Integrated Bus A rchitecture
•
Low Cost (< U S$1M)
•
Li -Ion Rechargeable Bat teries
•
Low Thrust P ropulsi on System
Option
Enabling Technol ogy
•
Meeting #1: 10
Engin 176 Introduction
Electronics and satellite mass have evolved
counter trend since the first satellites
Meeting #1: 11
Engin 176 Introduction
A goal of µSpace design
Do for space
what Kodak did for photography
“you push the button, we do the rest”
Spontaneous Space
Democratization of space:
– Reduced cost means bigger market
– Reduced complexity means higher accessibility
- Reduced performance means broader applicability
- Rapid schedule means prompt response to new needs
– Simplicity means high reliability
– Combination enables new missions
• swarms and distributed apertures
• single purpose and in situ remote sensing
Meeting #1: 12
• entertainment, education, recreation
Engin 176 Introduction
Anatomy of the Satellite
Ground Support:
Ground Station
Test Gear
GSE
Radio Rx. Tx.
Antennas
Payload (x-ray detector,
camera, astronaut, radios)
Computer,
Software, I/O
ACS:
Sensors (star, earth, sun, magnetic, gyros)
Actuators (rockets, magnetics, wheels)
Power:
Photovoltaics
Batteries
Charger
Structure:
Endo v. Exo
Launch interface
Deployables
Meeting #1: 13
Engin 176 Introduction
Micro v. Macro satellite h
Thermal
0%
Guidance
9%
Power
22%
Payload
21%
TT&C
4%
Structure
19%
Mass budget for 85 kg Oscar 13
Mass budget for 530 kg Palapa-B
Thermal
4%
Guidance
5%
Propulsion
25%
•
•
Oscar 13, at 85kg dry mass, is 16% the size of
Power
Palapa B (530kg dry). But payload is only 21% of
35%
Oscar 13, vs. 35% of Palapa B.
Oscar 13 has a simpler ±1° spin stabilization
system, compared with the Palapa 3 axis system.
But G&C is 9% of Oscar 13, vs. only 5% of Palapa B.
Propulsion
3%
Engin 176 Introduction
Payload
35%
TT&C
5%
Structure
Meeting #1:
13%
14
Efficiency: Who’s buying it?
High h
Low h
Stolichnya: 1.5 litre
Stolichnya: 30 ml
Bus
Car
747
737
Laser Printer
Inkjet Printer
Saturn V
Shuttle, Pegasus
Low Pressure Na Lamp
Candle
Apartment
Single Family House
Meeting #1: 15
Engin 176 Introduction
Course Goals
• The Design Process: Augenblick of a higher level of
complexity
• Aerospace Engineering: An application of engineering
sciences
• Using Analysis and Design Tools
• Working on something too big to even think about
doing yourself - Teams
• Systems Engineering: Optimize around solutions
• Design and build something, and present it
• See yourself 5, 10, 15, 20 years from now
Engin 176 Introduction
Meeting #1: 16
Putative Syllabus
• 1 - Introduction
Why Space Vehicle Design?
Scaling & Efficiency
About the Course
Considering the source
About Design
Mechanics of the course
Space Systems Engineering
• 2 - Propulsion & ∆V
The Space Environment
• 5 - Navigation & Control
Design Tools
• 4 - Orbits & Orbit Determination
GPS
• 3 - Launch Vehicles
• 6 - Power & Mechanisms
• 7 - Radio & Comms
• 8 - Thermal / Mechanical
Design. FEA
• 9 - Reliability
• 10 - Digital & Software
• 11 - Project Management
Cost / Schedule
• 12 - Getting Designs Done
• 13 - Design Presentations
Sporadic Events:
•Mixers
•Guest Speakers
•Working on Designs
•Teleconferencing
Rick Fleeter
• 1988 - Present:
President, AeroAstro Inc.
• 1997 - 1999:
Member USAF Science Advisory Board
• 1986 - 1988:
Director Space Technology: DSI
• 1982 - 1986:
Member Technical Staff / Program Manager,
TRW Space and Technology Group
• 1983 - 1986:
Adjunct Professor of Engineering; UCLA, CSU
• 1980 - 1982:
Senior Scientist, Jet Propulsion Lab, Caltech
• 1981: PhD,
Thermodynamics, Brown University
• 1978: MSc,
Aeronautics / Astronautics, Stanford University
• 1976; BSc,
Engineering + Economics, Brown University
• 1978 - 1986:
VP Engineering, AMSAT
• 1963 - present:
Licensed Radio Amateur (K8VK)
Meeting #1: 18
Engin 176 Introduction
Rick’s Verbose Biography
Dr. Rick Fleeter is founder and President of the small satellite and space transportation company AeroAstro, co-founded Encounter
2001, and created the International Small Satellite Organization (ISSO) and Space Horizons. He has been responsible for
development of over 20 miniature satellites ranging from 2.5 to 250 pounds. At AeroAstro, Rick originated programs totaling over
$20M. Rick has created the only two books dedicated to small satellite technology and management, Micro Space Craft and The
Logic of Microspace. He writes regularly on microspace for Launch Space and SpaceDaily.com. He authored the the small satellite
chapters of the two most recent major textbooks on spacecraft engineering, Space Mission Analysis and Design and Reducing
Space Mission Cost.
Rick was previously the Director of Space Technology at Defense Systems Inc., where he was the program manager and/or a lead
engineer for programs totaling 15 satellites. He originated two major programs totaling eight new satellites and creating over $4M in
sales. From 1983 through 1986, Rick was a Project Engineer at TRW Space and Technology Group where he originated, marketed
and performed research and development programs on aerospace propulsion systems and laser applications in combustion. Rick
received a commendation for his contributions to the successful rescue of the $150M TDRS-1 communications satellite and was
awarded a patent for propellant additives which resulted in a major government funded program. Prior to joining TRW, Rick was
Senior Scientist at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, where he participated in Mars mission and space station advanced designs
and pursued research in spacecraft and aircraft propulsion. Since 1979, Rick has contributed to AMSAT, the world's most
experienced small satellite organization. He was AMSAT's program manager for propulsion on the PACSAT communications satellite
program.
Rick has authored numerous papers on thermodynamics, propulsion and small satellite design and program management. As
Adjunct Professor of Engineering at UCLA and Cal State Long Beach he taught undergraduate and graduate courses in
thermodynamics theory and application.
Rick served two years as a member of the US Air Force Science Advisory Board. He is a member of AIAA, Sigma Xi, AIP, APS,
ARRL, AMSAT and USMS. He swims, bike commutes plays piano, cello and synthesizer, but mostly sits in front of computers, in
Reston, Virginia where he lives with his wife, Nancy, who is General Manager of American Ballet Theater in Manhattan.
Meeting #1: 19
Engin 176 Introduction
Spacecraft Projects
•
TDRS Rescue Mission:
Propulsion Lead - Successful
•
PACSAT (EoSAT):
Propulsion Lead - Flown Successfully
•
GLOMR:
•
CRO (Chemical Release Observation)
(3 satellites):
Originated Concept, Project & Engineer Lead
- Flown Successfully
•
Stacksat (3 satellites):
Lead GN&C Engineer - Flown Successfully
•
MACSAT (2 satellites):
Lead GN&C Engineer - Flown Successfully
•
Microsat (7 satellites):
•
ALEXIS:
•
HETE:
Co-Originated Concept, Program Lead
- Launch Failure (re-launch 2000)
•
TERRIERS:
Program Exec: (launch May ‘99)
•
Bitsy
Originated Concept: (launch 2000)
•
Encounter:
Originated Concept: (Launch 2001)
Consulting Engineer
- 2 Flown Successfully
Originated Concept, Lead GN&C through CDR,
- Flown Successfully
Co-Originated Concept, Program Lead
- Flown Successfully
Meeting #1: 20
Engin 176 Introduction
Meeting #1: 21
Engin 176 Introduction
MSFC
SPASE
Using
KitCore
kernel
AeroAstro Components
X-Band Radio
Spacecraft Processor
Ground Station
Battery Packs
Sun Sensors
MOXE & EUVITA Mas s Memory
Telemetry System
MOXE & EUVITA
Mass Memory
Modular Multifunction
Structures
Power, Control &
Telemetry Board
On-Board
Computer
Magnetic
Torque Coils
Meeting #1: 23
Engin 176 Introduction
Some housekeeping
• Schedule
• Books: SMAD & TLOM
• Grading:
– Homework questions
– Design Incremental Steps
– Design outcome
• Design • Analysis • Tools • Fab
• Presentation (oral / written)
• Mission effectiveness
• Finding
– me:
Fleeter’s Course
Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano,
Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro,
Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico,
Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano,
Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro,
Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico,
Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano,
Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro,
Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico,
Micro, Nano, Pico, Micro, Nano, Pico…..
Doodle, doodle, doodle, doodle...
• rick@aeroastro.com
• 703 599.5885
– PowerPoints, TA, more refs…
Engin 176 Introduction
Meeting #1: 24