Program Planning: Goals,
Purpose Statements,
Objectives and Logic Models
2005
Goals
Goals:
• Identify & clarify what you want to do or
achieve
• Define what needs to be accomplished
without getting bogged down in issues
of measurement and timing
• Are described with an action verb & a
noun phrase
Healthy People 2010
• Department of Health and Human
Services
• Designed to serve as a road map for
improving the health of all people in the
United States during the first decade of
the 21st century
• Comprehensive, nationwide health
promotion and disease prevention
agenda
HP 2010 Contents
• 28 focus areas - nutrition appears in
several
• 467 objectives
• Key Indicators
Focus Areas at a Glance (28)
1. Access to Quality Health Services
2. Arthritis, Osteoporosis and Chronic Back Conditions
3. Cancer
4. Chronic Kidney Disease
5. Diabetes
6. Disability and Secondary Conditions
7. Educational and Community-Based Programs
8. Environmental Health
9. Family Planning and Sexual Health
10. Food Safety
11. Health Communication
12. Heart Disease and Stroke
13. HIV
14. Immunizations and Infectious Diseases
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Injury and Violence Prevention
Maternal, Infant, and Child Health
Medical Product Safety
Mental Health and Mental Disorders
Nutrition
Occupational Safety and Health
Oral Health
Physical Activity and Fitness
Public Health Infrastructure
Respiratory Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Substance Abuse
Tobacco Use
Vision and Hearing
Leading Health Indicators
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Physical Activity
Overweight and Obesity
Tobacco Use
Substance Abuse
Responsible Sexual Behavior
Mental Health
Injury and Violence
Environmental Quality
Immunization
Access to Health Care
HP 2010 Goals
• Increase quality and years of healthy life
• Eliminate health disparities
Purpose Statements
Can be used for:
 Mission statements
 Program Description
 As a first step in the development of
Performance Measures
Purpose Statement Template
The purpose of the ________________________
(name of service, program or line of business)
is to provide (or produce)______________________
(service or product -what)
for _______________________________________
(customer - who )
so that____________________________________
(RESULT / benefit - why)
Program Purpose Statement
The purpose of the Nutrition Public Health Practice
Program is to provide planning, coordination,
demonstration and policy development assistance
to communities. So that they can develop, implement,
and evaluate programs and policies to promote
nutrition and physical fitness behavior change.
Objectives
Many Kinds of Objectives
•
•
•
•
Learning
Process
Outcome
Others
RUMBA - Objective Checklist
Relevant
Relates to identified needs, mission, and goals
Understandable
Can anyone reading the objective relate to what is to be
accomplished?
Measurable
Are the indicators measurable? Are systems in place to
measure them?
Behavioral
For learning objectives are there action words to
describe the desired behavioral outcomes?
Achievable
Is it realistic? Can it be successfully
accomplished?
Program Planning Objectives
• Outcome Objective: a statement of the
amount of change expected for a specified
population within a given time frame.
• Process Objective: a statement that
measures the amount of change expected in
the performance and utilization of
interventions that impact on the outcome.
Outcome Objectives Are…...
• Long term
• Realistic
• Measurable:
– levels of mortality, morbidity, disability
– levels of health conditions
– behavioral measures
Examples of Outcome
Measures from Healthy
People 2010
Weight Status and Growth
• Healthy weight in adults
• Obesity in adults
• Overweight or obesity in children and
adolescents
• Growth retardation in children
Food and Nutrient
Consumption
• Fruit intake
• Vegetable intake
• Grain product intake
• Saturated fat intake
• Total fat intake
• Sodium intake
• Calcium intake
Iron Deficiency and Anemia
• Iron deficiency in young children and in
females of childbearing age
• Anemia in low-income pregnant females
• Iron deficiency in pregnant females
Schools, Worksites, and
Nutrition Counseling
• Meals and snacks at school
• Worksite promotion of nutrition
education and weight management
• Nutrition counseling for medical
conditions
Food Security
• Food Security
Increase the proportion of adults
who are at a healthy weight.
• Target: 60 percent.
• Baseline: 42 percent of adults aged 20 years and
older were at a healthy weight (defined as a body
mass index [BMI] equal to or greater than 18.5 and
less than 25) in 1988–94 (age adjusted to the year
2000 standard population).
• Target setting method: Better than the best.
• Data source: National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS.
Process Objectives Are……..
•
•
•
•
Short-term
Realistic
Measurable
Related to outcome measures
– there may be several process measures
for one outcome measure
Example of Process
Objectives
• By December 2002, 40 female students
who seek services at the teen health
center will receive brief counseling
interventions from the clinic nurse about
use of folic acid supplements to prevent
NTD.
When
The time (month, year) by or during which the intervention
should be accomplished or health status should change
What
The targeted health problem/behavior to be changed or the
targeted intervention to be accomplished.
Whom
The target population who will benefit
Where
The area in which the target population is located
Who
Staff or agency responsible
How much
The amount of the intervention to be utilized, performed, or
accomplished or the quantity of change in a health
problem.
Logic Models
Overview of the Logic Model Framework for the CDC Nutrition and Physical Activity Programs to Prevent Obesity and Chronic Diseases
STATE PILOT
INTERVENTIONS
STATE
PROJECTS
CDC
INPUTS
CDC Resources and
Investments
Money
Professional Staff
Time Commitment
Consultants
State Project
Resources and
Investments
Money
Professional Staff
Time Commitment
Partners
State Pilot Intervention
Resources and
Investments
Money
Professional Staff
Time Commitment
Partners
THEN
IF
CDC Funds Statebased Obesity
Prevention Projects
CDC Provides Training
and TA to States
Social Marketing
Logic Evaluation
Other Topics
State Builds
Infrastructure and
Capacity
State Develops
Population-focused
Nutrition, Physical
Activity & Obesity
Prevention Planning
Project Identifies
Population-specific
Nutrition, Physical
Activity & Obesity
Prevention Planning
Needs
States Conduct
Population-focused
Nutrition, Physical
Activity & Obesity
Prevention Planning
States Develop and
Test Populationspecific Pilot
Interventions
Public Health
Increases Knowledge
of About Successful
Planning and
Intervention
Increased Resources
are Mobilized and
Targeted on
Nutrition, Physical
Activity & Obesity
Prevention Planning
Develop Effective
State Policies
Long-term
Nutrition, Physical
Activity & Obesity
Prevention
Interventions
Established
Behavior
Change:
 Increased
physical
activity
 Better
dietary
habits
Establish
Environmental
Supports
Design & Test
Population-based
Pilot Intervention
Increase Knowledge
of effective
Interventions
Reduce
Prevalence
of Obesity
Reduce
Prevalence
of Chronic
Diseases
Design Populationspecific Intervention
Implement
Intervention
Program
What is a Logic Model?
•
•
•
•
Tool for program planning and evaluation
Picture of a program
graphic representation of “theory of action”
Relationship between what we put in (inputs),
what we do (outputs), and what results
(outcomes)
• Logical chain of if-then relationships
Why Develop Logic Models?
• Visual displays are effective learning
instruments for all involved
• Shows why planned actions are likely to
lead to desired results
• Assures that process is not overlooked
in evaluation
• Enhances ability to use on-going
evaluation for mid-course corrections
Logic Models Promote a Shared
Vision
• Provide common language and
reference point for all involved
• Fundamental purpose is clear
• Role of actions are clear
• Desired results at each step are clear
Step 1: Determine Scope
• Can be good overview of whole
program
• Smaller pieces of program can be
shown in more detail
Step 2: Identify Components
• Inputs: what you do to make the
program possible, resources applied
• Outputs: what happens during the
implementation
• Outcomes: the direct result of your
program activities
Step 3: Draft Model
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Should be single page
“Landscape” layout
write left to right, not top to bottom
use thin lines, don’t alter thickness
avoid abbreviations
use simple font, avoid italics
show “if - then” visually
If
Then
Step 4: Develop Evaluation
Indicators
• Process: measure activities
– ex: numbers of trainings, meetings,
technical assistance provided
• Outcome: measure short, medium,
and long term outcomes
– ex: increased understandings, behavior
change, health outcomes
Good Indicators Are…..
•
•
•
•
Relevant
Measurable
Available or collectable
Acceptable to participants, planners,
funders and other stakeholders
Step 5: Revisit the Model
Frequently
• Lay indicator data directly onto model
• Determine what’s working and what isn’t
• Modify model if change theory isn’t
working
• Modify activities if unable to complete
as planned