FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY
U3MEA03
Prepared by
Mr. Kannan,
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Department
VelTech Dr.RR & Dr.SR Technical University
Fluid – definition, distinction between solid
and fluid - Units and dimensions - Properties
of fluids - density, specific weight, specific
volume, specific gravity, temperature,
viscosity, compressibility, vapour pressure,
capillary and surface tension - Fluid statics:
concept of fluid static pressure, absolute and
gauge pressures - pressure measurements by
manometers and pressure gauges.
Fluid mechanics is that branch of science which
deals with the behaviour of fluids (liquids or
gases) at rest as well as in motion. Thus this
branch of science deals with the static,
kinematics and dynamic aspects of fluids. The
study of fluids at rest is called fluid statics. The
study of fluids in motion, where pressure forces
are not considered, is called fluid kinematics and
if the pressure forces are also considered for the
fluids in motion, that branch of science is called
fluid dynamics.
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Fluid Statics: mechanics of fluids at rest
Kinematics: deals with velocities and
streamlines w/o considering forces or energy
Fluid Dynamics: deals with the relations
between velocities and accelerations and
forces exerted by or upon fluids in motion
Mechanics of fluids is extremely important in
many areas of engineering and science.
Examples are:
 Biomechanics
◦ Blood flow through arteries
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Meteorology and Ocean Engineering
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Chemical Engineering
◦ Movements of air currents and water currents
◦ Design of chemical processing equipment
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Mechanical Engineering
◦ Design of pumps, turbines, air-conditioning
equipment, pollution-control equipment, etc.
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Civil Engineering
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Transport of river sediments
Pollution of air and water
Design of piping systems
Flood control systems
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Before going into details of fluid mechanics,
we stress importance of units
In U.S, two primary sets of units are used:
◦ 1. SI (Systeme International) units
◦ 2. English units
Quantity
SI Unit
English Unit
Length (L)
Meter (m)
Foot (ft)
Mass (m)
Kilogram (kg)
Time (T)
Second (s)
Slug (slug) =
lb*sec2/ft
Second (sec)
Temperature (  ) Celcius (oC)
Farenheit (oF)
Force
Pound (lb)
Newton
(N)=kg*m/s2
Fluid Kinematics - Flow visualization - lines of
flow - types of flow - continuity equation (one
dimensional differential forms)- fluid dynamics equations of motion - Euler's equation along a
streamline - Bernoulli's equation – applications Venturi meter, Orifice meter, Pitot tube Boundary layer flows, boundary layer thickness,
boundary layer separation - drag and lift
coefficients.
Viscous flow - Navier - Stoke's equation
(Statement only) - Shear stress, pressure gradient
relationship - laminar flow between parallel plates
- Laminar flow through circular tubes (Hagen
poiseulle's) - Hydraulic and energy gradient - flow
through pipes - Darcy -weisback's equation pipe roughness -friction factor-minor losses flow through pipes in series and in parallel power transmission
Dimensional analysis - Buckingham's  theoremapplications - similarity laws and models.
Hydro turbines: definition and classifications Pelton turbine - Francis turbine - Kaplan turbine working principles - velocity triangles - work done
- specific speed - efficiencies -performance curve
for turbines.
Pumps: definition and classifications - Centrifugal
pump: classifications, working principles, velocity
triangles, specific speed, efficiency and
performance curves - Reciprocating pump:
classification, working principles, indicator
diagram, work saved by air vessels and
performance curves - cavitations in pumps priming- slip- rotary pumps: working principles of
gear, jet and vane pumps.
THANK YOU