Order
Symmetry
Balance

Abstract Music
 Symphony
 Concerto
 Chamber Music (String Quartet)
 Sonata

Viennese School Composers
 Mozart
 Haydn
 Beethoven
 Schubert

Patronage system
 Composers were dependent on employers (kings, princes, queens)

Later . . . .
 With the Revolutions . . .
 Social/Political changes began . . .

Review of Beethoven (1770-1827)
 Deaf
 Sketchbook
 Supreme architect
 Classical TRANSITIONAL to Romantic
 Traits
 Strong dynamic contrasts
 Sudden accents
 Developments bigger
 Coda (tail) expanded
 SUBSTITUTED SCHERZO for MINUET
 Longer 4 th movements

His Music
 Symphonies (how many)
 Fifth symphony – most famous
 First movement built on a ___-note motive
 Form of first movement?
 Third movement was what?

The Moonlight Sonata
 Sonata for Piano
 P. 187
 Movement I not in typical form
 Modified Song

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Comes from the word “consort” (partnership)
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Contains 3 movements
Fast
Slow
 Fast
Classical concerto commonly featured solo instrument with orchestra
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Most popular instruments
Violin
Piano

 Cadenza
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Improvisatory “show-off” time for the soloist
 Comes near the end of the movement
 Orchestra falls silent
 Double Exposition
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Orchestra – Introduces themes
Soloist – Restates themes

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Played a crucial role in the development of the piano concerto
Written primarily for his own use
Piano Concerto in G Major,
K. 453
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1784
3 movements
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I. Allegro
II. Andante
 III. Allegretto: Theme and variations

 Wrote 5 piano concertos
 Violin Concerto in D Major (1806)
(p. 288)
 I. Allegro ma non troppo (Concerto form; 7-part
Rondo Form ABACABA
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II. Larghetto (Variation form)
III. Allegro (Rondo form)

The Classical Sonata . . .
An instrumental work written for one or two instruments, consisting of 3 or 4 contrasting movements. The movements followed the basic same multi-movement structure as the symphony, string quartet and concerto.
 Written for either for a solo instrument (piano) or for a duo (violin and piano —equal partners with an equal say)
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Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven wrote music influenced by the Turkish Janissary or military band. (Mozart’s Rondo alla Turca )
Beethoven’s Pathetique

major, K. 331
 1783
 3 movements, but acts like a four-movement work without the first movement
 Third Movement
 Rondo form
 Influence of the Turkish Janissary band (p. 294)

Beethoven’s Pathetique, Op. 13
 One of the most famous
 Pathos
 1798
 Three movements
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I. Grave, Allegro di molto e con brio
 Sonata-allegro form
II. Adagio cantabile (ABACA)
III. Rondo (ABACABA)

 Mass (church music)
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Requiem Mass (church music)
Oratorio – Large-scale dramatic work, of a religious nature, performed by solo voices, chorus and orchestra; no costumes, acting or scenery

 From Genesis and Milton’s Paradise Lost
 Recitatives, solos and ensemble numbers are assigned to three archangels – Gabriel, Uriel, and Raphael, and to Adam and Eve
 (Description on p. 303)