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所 公共衛生學系
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498926129
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研
究
陳孟瑜
生
(中
)
研
究
Chen Meng-Yu
生
(英
)
論
文 手套中鄰苯二甲酸酯類之分析及其溶出試驗
名
稱
(中
)
論
文
名 Investigate the Phthalate esters in Chemical protective gloves
稱
(英
)
其
他
題
名
指
導
教 林瑜雯
授
(中
)
指
導
教 Lin Yu-Wen
授
(英
)
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內
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文 2016.7.25
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案 封面(書面頁) 摘要 Abstract Table of contents Chpater One Chpater Two Chpater
說 Three Chpater Four Chpater Five Chpater Six References
明
電
子 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
全
文
學
位 碩士
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畢
業
99
學
年
度
出
版 100
年
語
文 英文 英文
別
關
鍵 塑化劑 鄰苯二甲酸酯類 拋棄式手套 高效率液相層析儀 天然乳膠手套 PVC
字
手套
(中
)
關
鍵 plasticizer disposable glove HPLC-UV iquid-liquid phase extraction Dimethyl
字
phthalate (DMP) Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)
(英
)
背景：鄰苯二甲酸酯類為廣泛添加於塑膠產品中的塑化劑，用以提升其延
展性。過去的研究已證明鄰苯二甲酸酯類具生殖毒性及發育毒性。也因鄰
苯二甲酸酯類被廣泛的使用，造成人類可經由不同的途徑暴露，如飲食、
呼吸、皮膚吸收或醫療接觸等接觸鄰苯二甲酸酯類。醫療人員頻繁的使用
拋棄式手套如天然乳膠手套(natural rubber latex gloves, NRL)，手套內的鄰苯
二甲酸酯類可能因接觸各類消毒藥劑而被溶出，成為醫護人員接觸鄰苯二
甲酸的可能途徑。本研究目的為研究拋棄式手套中六種鄰苯二甲酸酯類–
鄰苯二甲酸甲酯(Dimethyl phthalate, DMP)、鄰苯二甲酸乙酯(Diethyl phthalate,
DEP)、鄰苯二甲酸二-(2-乙基己基) ( Di(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate, DEHP)、鄰苯
二甲酸丁酯(Dibutyl Phtalate, DBP)、鄰苯二甲酸二異丁酯(Di-iso-butyl
Phthalate, DIBP)及鄰苯二甲酸甲苯基丁酯(Benzyl Butyl Phthalat, BBP)的含量，
摘
並探討手套接觸醫療用消毒劑時，此六種鄰苯二甲酸酯類化合物被溶出的
情形。 方法：本研究選用四種拋棄式手套–聚乙烯手套(Polyethylene gloves,
PE)、聚氯乙烯手套(polyvinylchloride gloves, PVC)、天然乳膠手套(natural
要 rubber latex gloves, NRL)及醫療用 nitrile 手套。將直徑為 25.4 mm 之圓形手套
(中 樣本浸泡於 10 mL 萃取溶液正己烷(n-hexane)中，以 60nC 水浴震盪 3 小
) 時。萃取樣本先以氮氣濃縮至 0.2 mL，再加入 0.8 mL 乙腈，進行後續定性
定量分析。溶出試驗是將手套樣本浸泡於 5 mL 消毒劑(75%乙醇、2.5%戊二
醛及 1000 ppm 含氯消毒水)中，於 25nC 室溫環境下，每 30 分鐘取出所有
消毒劑溶液，再加入 5 mL 消毒劑於樣本中，重複此過程至 120 分鐘。每次
所取出之 5 mL 樣本以前述之液液萃取方式進行萃取。所有過程皆進行三重
複。樣本以 HPLC-UV 分析，移動相設定為乙腈/水之梯度沖提，UV 偵測波
長為 210 nm。 結果：HPLC-UV 對 DMP、DEP、BBP、DBP、DIBP 及 DEHP
之定量線性範圍為 2–20 ng/μL，且線性迴歸係數(R2)皆大於 0.995。當溫
度為 60℃，萃取溶液為正己烷時，可得到六種鄰苯二甲酸酯類最佳的回收
率(%)，分別為 DMP 89.33±2.11、DEP 61.75±1.48、BBP 95.52±2.32、DBP:
92.16±1.74、DIBP 93.15±0.99 及 DEHP 97.05±4.28。PVC、PE 及 NRL 手套中
皆可萃取出 DEHP，其濃度分別為 100.24–114.53 (mg/g PVC glove)、0.87–
1.11 (mg/g PE glove)及 ND–4.64×10-3 (mg/g NRL glove)。NRL 樣本手套可測
到六種鄰苯二甲酸，濃度範圍為 0.79×10-3–2.91×10-3 (mg/g NRL glove)。
PVC、NRL 及 Nitrile 手套中皆可被 75%酒精溶出 DEHP。PVC 可被溶出
2.45±0.09 μg，NRL 手套可被溶出 0.028±0.002 μg，而 Nitrile 手套則可被溶
出 0.061±0.005 μg 的 DEHP。 結論：本研究結果顯示，拋棄式手套中確實
含有研究中所探討的鄰苯二甲酸酯類，且可被 75%酒精溶出，醫護人員因
穿戴手套使用消毒劑而暴露於鄰苯二甲酸酯類之情形應被重視並進一步探
討。
Background: Phthalate esters (PAEs) are used in commercial plastic products as
plasticizers to improve its stretchability. Reproductive effect and developmental effect
of phthalate were reported in peers’ studies. The widespread uses of PAEs result in
multiple routes of human exposures, such as ingestion, inhalation, skin absorption or
medical contact. The aims of the study were to quantify the extractable masses of six
phthalates, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), benzyl butyl phthalat
(BBP), dibutyl phtalate (DBP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate (DEHP) in different disposable glove materials and the leached out amounts
if the glove materials contacted disinfectants. Method: The disposable gloves,
polyvinylchloride gloves (PVC), disposable natural rubber latex gloves (NRL),
disposable polyethylene gloves (PE), nitrile medical examination gloves, were
investigated. The round shape glove sample with a diameter of 25.4 mm was
immersed into 10 mL n-hexane and ultrasoniced at 60nC for 3 hours. The removed
extracted solutions was concentrated to 0.2 mL under a nitrogen stream and the
摘
amount of 0.8 mL acetonitrile was added into the concentrated solution for HPLC
analyses. The leaching test was performed by immersing the glove sample into 5-mL
disinfectant (75% ethanol aqueous solution, 2.5% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution, or
1,000 ppm NaDCC aqueous solution) at 25nC, the room temperature. The
要 immersion solution was transferred to a flask and replenished another fresh 5-mL
(英 disinfectant solution every 30 min. This procedure was repeated for 120 min. The
) removed 5-mL disinfectant solutions were extracted followed the liquid-liquid phase
extraction procedure as mentioned previously. Each experiment condition was
proceeded triplicate. All samples were analyzed by HPLC-UV with the gradient
elution system (acetonitrile/water) and UV detection wavelength 225 nm. Results:
The HPLC-UV linear dynamic range was 2–20 ng/μL for DMP, DEP, BBP, DBP,
DIBP, and DEHP with a coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.995. The nhexane at 60nC resulted in the best recovery rates and highest amounts of
phthalates. The recovery rates (%) were 89.33±2.11 for DMP, 61.75±1.48 for DEP,
95.52±2.32 for BBP, 92.16±1.74 for DBP, 93.15±0.99 for DIBP, and 97.05±4.28 for
DEHP. DEHP was extracted in PVC, PE, and nitrile gloves at concentrations of
100.24–114.53 (mg/g PVC glove), 0.87–1.11 (mg/g PE glove) and ND–4.64×103 (mg/g NRL glove), respectively. Six phthalate were detected in NRL glove in a
range from 0.79×10-3 to 2.91×10-3 (mg/g NRL glove). DEHP in PVC, NRL and
nitrile gloves were able to be leached by 75% ethanol aqueous solution. The
dissolved masses were 2.45±0.09 μg for PVC glove, 0.028±0.002 μg for NRL
glove and 0.061±0.005 μg for Nitrile glove at 30 min. Conclusions: The result
demonstrated gloves did contain the investigated phthalates. More attention should be
paid to the medical care personnel to avoid exposure of phthalates through the glove
materials.
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摘要 Ⅰ Abstract Ⅳ Table of contents Ⅶ List of Tables Ⅸ List of Figures Ⅹ
Chapter one Introduction 1 Chapter two Literature Reviews 4 2.1 Physicochemical
properties of phthalates 4 2.2 PAEs in environment 6 2.3 Routes of exposure to PAEs
8 2.3.1 Ingestion 8 2.3.2 Inhalation 10 2.3.3 Medical contact 10 2.3.4 Skin absorption
12 2.4 Health hazards of PAEs 14 2.4.1 Animal Studies 14 2.4.2 Human health risk
of PAEs 17 2.4.3 Risk levels of human health 19 Chapter Three Materials and
Methods 21 3.1 Materials 21 3.1.1Chemicals and reagents 21 3.1.2 Apparatus 22
3.1.3 Gloves 23 3.2 Optimization the HPLC-UV condition 24 3.2.1 Selection of
eluents 24 3.2.2 UV wavelength selection 24 3.3 Liquid-liquid phase extraction 25
3.4 Leaching test by medical disinfectant 27 3.5 The quality control of sample
analysis 29 3.5.1 Blank 29 3.5.2 Standard solutions 29 3.5.3 Calibration curves 29
3.5.4 Recovery rates 29 3.5.5 Procedures for clean up 30 3.5.6 Statistics 30 Chapter
Four Results 31 4.1 HPLC conditions 31 4.1.1 Composition of eluents 31 4.1.2
Detector wavelength 32 4.1.3 Calibration Curves 34 4.2 Extraction trial 36 4.2.1
Extraction temperature 36 4.2.2 Extraction solution 36 4.2.3 Recovery rate 37 4.2.4
Extraction trial of three different gloves 39 4.3 Leaching test by medical disinfectant
42 4.4 Glove physical change 46 Chapter Five Discussion 48 5.1 Liquid-liquid phase
extraction trial 48 5.2 PAEs content in plastic products 52 5.3 Investigation of
leaching test 55 5.4 Limitation 57 Chapter Six Recommendations and Conclusions 58
Chapter Six Recommendations and Conclusions 58 References 60
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錄
498926129 2011.7.26 4:08 140.136.192.12 new 01 498926129 2011.7.26 4:17
140.136.192.12 new 02 498926129 2011.7.26 4:18 140.136.192.12 new 03
498926129 2011.7.26 4:20 140.136.192.12 new 04 498926129 2011.7.26 4:22
140.136.192.12 new 05 498926129 2011.7.26 4:25 140.136.192.12 new 06
498926129 2011.7.26 4:34 140.136.192.12 new 07 498926129 2011.7.26 4:34
140.136.192.12 new 08 498926129 2011.7.26 4:42 140.136.192.12 new 09
498926129 2011.7.26 4:43 140.136.192.12 new 10 498926129 2011.7.26 4:43
140.136.192.12 new 11 498926129 2011.7.26 4:44 140.136.192.12 del 07 498926129
2011.7.26 4:44 140.136.192.12 del 08 498926129 2011.7.26 4:44 140.136.192.12 del
09 498926129 2011.7.26 4:44 140.136.192.12 del 10 498926129 2011.7.26 4:44
140.136.192.12 del 11 498926129 2011.7.26 4:44 140.136.192.12 new 07 498926129
2011.7.26 4:44 140.136.192.12 new 08 498926129 2011.7.26 4:44 140.136.192.12
new 09 498926129 2011.7.26 4:45 140.136.192.12 new 10 498926129 2011.7.26
4:45 140.136.192.12 new 11 030540 2011.7.27 14:13 140.136.208.244 new 01
030540 2011.7.27 14:13 140.136.208.244 new 08
異
動
記
錄
C 498926129 Y2011.M7.D25 16:52 140.136.192.12 M 498926129 Y2011.M7.D25
17:05 140.136.192.12 M 498926129 Y2011.M7.D26 3:53 140.136.192.12 M
498926129 Y2011.M7.D26 3:56 140.136.192.12 M 498926129 Y2011.M7.D26 4:14
140.136.192.12 M 498926129 Y2011.M7.D26 4:26 140.136.192.12 M puhe3430
Y2011.M7.D26 4:45 140.136.192.12 M 498926129 Y2011.M7.D26 12:44
140.136.192.3 M puhe3430 Y2011.M7.D27 13:52 140.136.192.3 M puhe3430
Y2011.M7.D27 13:56 140.136.192.3 M puhe3430 Y2011.M7.D27 13:56
140.136.192.3 M puhe3430 Y2011.M7.D27 13:56 140.136.192.3 M puhe3430
Y2011.M7.D27 13:56 140.136.192.3 M puhe3430 Y2011.M7.D27 13:56
140.136.192.3 M 030540 Y2011.M7.D27 14:14 140.136.208.244 M 030540
Y2011.M7.D27 14:14 140.136.208.244 I 030540 Y2011.M7.D27 14:15
140.136.208.244