Personal Safety
Glencoe Teen Health (2) Chapter 15
Lesson 1 - Preventing Injury (pp. 472-474)
Lesson 3 - Staying Safe Outdoors (pp. 480-485)
Lesson 5 - Giving First Aid (p. 493-502)
Personal Safety
Description
 This unit will cover safety and emergency
procedures for home and outdoors. Topics will
include the accident chain, weather emergencies,
cyber safety, emergency procedures for home
fires, treatment of burns, heat related illnesses,
first aid for choking, bleeding, and poisoning.
DO NOW:
• On a scratch piece of paper, write your name
at the top and answer the following question.
Turn into Ms. McCreary when finished.
– Do you own a cell phone, ipod, ipad, etc. that your
parents will allow you to bring to school and is
able to download aps and has a camera?
– Yes or No
Personal Safety
Essential Questions
• How might most injuries and accidents be
prevented?
• How can weather be dangerous to my safety
and how should I respond appropriately?
• Why should safety come first in sports and
play?
• How can you remain safe while riding as a
passenger?
Personal Safety
Enduring Understanding
1. Corrective actions can resolve unsafe situations at home
and away.
2. Many accidents can be avoided by being safety
conscious and paying attention to your surroundings.
3. There are appropriate safety precautions that there are
unique to each weather and natural disaster
emergencies that can help prevent unnecessary injuries.
4. Following safety rules can reduce the risk of injuries
during exercise sports and other activities.
Personal Safety
Vocabulary







Accidental injuries
Concussions
Hazards
Hypothermia
Safety conscious
Water safety guidelines
Weather emergencies
 safety
conscious
Being aware that safety is important and being
careful to act in a safe manner
 hazards
Potential sources of danger
 accidental
injuries
Injuries caused by unexpected events
Safety First
Accidents do happen, but you can prevent many
of them. When you stay safe and avoid accidents, you
help yourself and those around you stay healthy.
85,000 people die from
accidental injuries
every year.*
*According to the National Safety Council
The highest number
of teen deaths occur
in auto accidents.
Safety First
The first step in staying safe is to be safety
conscious.
safety conscious Being aware that safety is important
and being careful to act in a safe manner
It’s easier to prevent injuries than to treat them.
Safety First
Pay attention to your surroundings and look for
hazards around you.
hazards Potential sources of danger
Avoid or fix possible hazards.
Safety First
Keep your environment safe to help prevent
accidental injuries.
accidental injuries Injuries caused by unexpected events
Avoid or fix possible hazards.
Responsibility
When you put your belongings in their proper place,
they’re not in the way, so they’re less likely to cause
accidents. Putting away clothes and equipment also
helps cut down on clutter.
Fire Safety
Fires often involve materials that are flammable.
flammable Able to catch fire easily
Flammable materials may catch fire due to a spark,
an open flame, or a burning object such as a lighted
cigarette.
Fire Safety
Some fires start from electrical overload.
electrical overload A dangerous situation in which too much
electrical current flows along a single circuit
Shredded wires or torn cords can also start fires.
Fire Safety
Causes of Fires in the Home
Careless cooking
Careless smoking
Damaged electrical
systems or
electrical overload
Incorrect storage of
flammable materials
Gas leaks
Preventing Fires
Keep stoves and ovens clean.
Keep flammable materials away from burners.
Never let a smoker toss a cigarette into a trashcan
before making sure it is completely extinguished.
Remind people not to smoke in bed.
Store matches and lighters out of the reach of
children.
Preventing Fires
Never play with matches or lighters.
Check appliances regularly for loose or damaged
cords.
Never pull on the cord to unplug an appliance.
Never run cords under rugs or carpets.
If you see a worn or shredded cord, tell an adult.
Being Prepared in Case of Fire
A smoke alarm can save your life.
smoke alarm A device that sounds an alarm when it senses smoke
Every level of
the house should
have smoke
alarms.
Install smoke
alarms close to
sleeping areas
and bedrooms.
Test smoke
alarms every
month.
Put in fresh
batteries once
a year.
Being Prepared in Case of Fire
Do not use water to put out fires that involve grease,
oil, or electricity. Use a fire extinguisher.
fire extinguisher A device that sprays chemicals that put out fires
Read the fire extinguisher’s directions, and make
sure that you know how to use it properly.
Being Prepared in Case of Fire
Create a Fire Escape Plan With Your Family
Know escape routes
from each bedroom.
Choose a meeting
point outside.
Practice the
escape plan.
Fire Escape Plan Homework
You are a volunteer fire fighter. You need to make a diagram of
your home, a fire escape plan and two ways to exit safely from
two specific rooms. In your diagram, you need to label where
your smoke alarm, carbon monoxide alarm, fire extinguisher,
and first aid kit are located. Also, have a family discussion and
determine your central meeting place located some where
outside the home. After your escape route and meeting place
is established meet with your family to practice the two escape
routes.
 Constructed response
1.
2.
How can knowledge of first aid procedures be the difference in
life or death?
Why is it important to understand the procedures for weather
emergencies?
Fire Escape Plan Rubric
• The student has drawn the diagram of the house
•
•
•
•
•
____/10
The student has drawn in details the fire escape plan
____/10
The student has shown two ways to exit safely
from two specific rooms
____/10
The student has identified a central meeting place
outside the home
____/10
The student has shown, explained and have parents
signed the fire escape plan.
____/20
The student has answered the constructed response questions.
____/20
• Total Points
____/80
How Accidental Injuries Happen
If you think about the last accident you had, you can
probably see the accident chain that led up to it.
The
Situation
The
Unsafe
Habit
The
Unsafe
Action
The
Accident
The
Result
Breaking the Accident Chain
Change the
situation.
Change the
unsafe habit.
Change the
unsafe action.
=
Accident
prevented.
In this lesson, you will learn to
 describe how to stay safe on the roads.
 describe how to stay safe in your neighborhood.
 identify ways to stay safe in hot and cold weather.
 access valid information about drowning prevention.
 describe how to be safe in and around water.
 explain safety measures for hiking and camping.
Safety on Foot
Ever since you learned to walk, you have been a
pedestrian.
pedestrian A person who travels on foot
Safety on Foot
Walk on sidewalks
when you can.
Cross in crosswalks
when they are
available.
When walking on the
road, walk on the side
of the road and face
oncoming traffic.
Look both ways
several times before
crossing the street.
Listen for traffic.
When walking at night,
take a well-lit route.
Wear reflective clothing.
Make sure a driver can
see you when you cross
in front of a vehicle.
Make eye contact
Do not talk on a cell
phone or wear
headphones.
Safety on Wheels
Wear a helmet.
Wear wrist guards,
elbow, knee pads,
and light gloves.
Follow your
community’s rules.
When skating,
learn how to stop
and fall safely.
Safety on Wheels
Before You Ride A Bike:
Check the seat
and handle bars
to make sure
they are secure.
Make sure tires
are inflated
correctly and are
not too worn.
Use a light when
riding at night.
Use reflectors
to help drivers
see you.
Make sure your
bike is the right
size for you.
Safety on Wheels
When Riding A Bike:
Stay alert.
Obey all traffic
laws.
Ride with the
flow of traffic.
Ride single file
when riding in a
group.
Learn hand
signals and use
them before you
turn.
Avoid riding in
bad weather and
control your
speed.
Concussion
Signs
– Appears to be dazed or stunned
– Confused
– Clumsy
– Loses consciousness
– Behavior or personality change
– Forgot events prior or after hit
Concussion – a brain injury that may occur when the head hits
an object, or a moving object strikes the head.
Concussion
Symptoms
– Headache
– Nausea
– Balance problems or dizziness
– Sensitivity to light or noise
– Sluggish or slowed down
– Change in sleep pattern
– Feeling fatigued
Concussion Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCCD52Pty4A
Bell Ringer:
1.Put the following in order,
according to the Accident chAin…
•
•
•
•
•
The unsafe habit
The accident
The unsafe action
The result
The situation
2. Why is it important to break the accident chain?
Citizenship
Obeying traffic laws while you are walking or riding a bike
is a sign of citizenship. It is also preparation for the traffic
laws you will need to obey while driving.
Safety in Vehicles
Always wear a seatbelt.
Small children should ride in the backseat.
– Airbags can protect adults, but hurt small children.
Don’t bother the driver of a school bus.
When you get off a bus, make sure all drivers
around the bus can see you clearly.
Cooperate with the bus driver in an emergency.
Seatbelt Use Rate/Occupant Fatalities
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1995
Belt Use Rate
2000
2005
2010
Daytime Percent Unrestrained Occupant Fatalities
Neighborhood Safety
Don’t travel alone at night.
Tell a parent or guardian where you are going and
when you will be home.
Walk in well-lit places.
Leave expensive items at home.
Carry identification.
Carry a cell phone, money, or a calling card.
Neighborhood Safety
Be aware!
Notice the people around you and what they are
doing.
Move away from anyone who makes you feel
uncomfortable.
Neighborhood Safety
Know how to get help!
If someone tries to touch you or hurt you, scream
and get away any way you can.
Run to the nearest public or safe place.
Find someone who can help you.
Call 911.
Explain what happened to anyone who can help.
Safety at Play
Take a buddy or two.
Know your limits.
Stay aware.
Use good judgment.
Warm up and cool down.
Hot Weather Safety Tips
If you feel dizzy, out of breath, or have a
headache, take a break.
Keep cool by drinking lots of water.
Rest in the shade when you can.
Hot Weather Safety Tips
Signs of heat exhaustion include:
– Cold, clammy skin
– Dizziness
– Nausea
Signs of heatstroke include:
– Increase in body temperature
– Difficulty breathing
– Loss of consciousness
Water Safety
Follow all posted safety rules.
Swim only when a lifeguard or trusted adult is present.
Swim with a buddy.
Don’t swim if you are too tired or cold.
Watch for signs of storms.
Never swim in water with strong currents.
Don’t dive in water that is less than 9 feet deep.
Don’t let young children near the water unless you are watching carefully.
Hiking and Camping Safety
Never camp or hike alone.
Know where you are.
Dress properly.
Know the plants and animals.
Check your equipment.
Use fire responsibly.
 weather
emergencies
Dangerous situations brought on by changes in
the atmosphere
 tornado
A whirling, funnel-shaped windstorm that drops
from storm clouds to the ground
 hurricane
A strong windstorm with driving rain that forms
over the sea
 blizzard
A very heavy snowstorm with winds up to 45 miles
per hour
 hypothermia
A sudden and dangerous drop in body
temperature
 earthquake
A shifting of the earth’s plates, resulting in a
shaking of the earth’s surface
 aftershocks
Smaller earthquakes, as the earth readjusts
after the main earthquake
Predicting
Skim the headings, figures,
photos and captions in this
lesson. Then jot down two
questions that you think might
be answered in the lesson.
Headings in this Lesson
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
What Are Weather Emergencies?
Tornadoes
Hurricanes
Blizzards
Thunderstorms and Lightning
What Are Natural Disasters?
Floods
Earthquakes
What Are Weather Emergencies?
People cannot prevent weather emergencies.
weather emergencies Dangerous situations brought on by
changes in the atmosphere
The National Weather Service (NWS) sends out
bulletins in the form of storm watches and storm
warnings.
What Are Weather Emergencies?
Satellites and computers help scientists predict the
paths of storms.
Television and the Internet help warn the public of
danger.
Tornadoes
A tornado is a type of weather emergency.
tornado A whirling, funnel-shaped windstorm that drops from
storm clouds to the ground
Tornados are most common in the Midwest and
states nearest to the Gulf of Mexico. This region is
known as “Tornado Alley.”
Tornadoes
If A Tornado Is Happening
Where to Go
What to Do
Go to a cellar or basement.
Cover yourself with whatever
protection you can find.
If you cannot get underground, go
to a windowless room or hallway.
Get under heavy furniture, in a
bathtub, or under a mattress.
If you are outside, lie in a ditch or
flat on the ground.
Stay where you are. The storm
will pass quickly.
Hurricanes
Each hurricane has a center, or eye, where the
weather conditions are calm.
hurricane A strong windstorm with driving rain that forms
over the sea
The strong winds of a hurricane come from the
swirling cloud mass that surrounds it.
Hurricanes
If A Hurricane Is Happening
Board up windows and doors. Bring inside items that the wind could smash
into houses.
Evacuate, or leave the area, immediately if the NWS tells you to do so.
If no evacuation is called for, stay indoors away from windows and doors.
Hurricanes
This is an image
taken of a hurricane.
The NWS uses
satellite technology
to forecast the
direction of storms.
Blizzards
A blizzard can last anywhere from an hour or two to
several days.
blizzard A very heavy snowstorm with winds up to 45
miles per hour
During a blizzard, always stay inside.
Blizzards
Hypothermia can shut down your body’s systems,
so they stop functioning properly.
hypothermia A sudden and dangerous drop in body
temperature
Hypothermia can lead to death.
Blizzards
If A Blizzard Is Happening
Get inside and stay inside.
When outside, keep your head, face, and body covered and warm.
If you are in a car, pull over to the side of the road, and turn on the flashers.
Do Now:
Did you do anything exciting over the break? If so,
what?
What is one natural disaster we discussed last
class and what are 2 ways to protect yourself from
these disasters?
Thunderstorms and Lightning
Lighting is a dramatic and dangerous side effect of
thunderstorms.
Florida leads the United States in the number of
lightning storms that happen each year.
Thunderstorms and Lightning
If A Thunderstorm Is Happening
Stay inside or seek shelter as soon as possible.
Unplug electrical appliances and computers.
Be prepared for power loss.
Avoid using the telephone.
If you are outside, crouch low to the ground and stay away from electrical
poles and wires, tall trees, water, and metal objects.
What Are Natural Disaster?
A natural disaster is an event caused by nature that
results in widespread damage.
Basic Supplies for Natural Disasters
• Buy several days’ worth of fresh water.
• Have a radio, a flashlight, batteries, blankets, canned goods, a can
opener, and a first-aid kit.
Floods
Flash-flood waters rise very quickly and are very
powerful.
Two feet of moving water has enough force to
sweep away cars.
Floods
Surviving Floods
Head for higher ground.
Never walk, swim, ride a bike, or drive a car through flooding water.
Drink only bottled water.
If you have evacuated the area, return home only after you are told it is safe
to do so.
After returning home, throw away contaminated food and disinfect
everything that has come into contact with the floodwater.
Earthquakes
A large earthquake is usually followed by a series
of aftershocks.
earthquake A shifting of the earth’s plates, resulting in a shaking of
the earth’s surface
aftershocks Smaller earthquakes, as the earth readjusts after the
main earthquake
Earthquakes
Scientists cannot predict earthquakes, but they can
measure how strong earthquakes are using the
Richter scale.
Earthquakes
Very
slight
1
Scientists have never measured an
earthquake larger than a 9.
The most destructive earthquakes
have a magnitude of 7 or more.
2
3
Ten times
stronger
than 1
4
5
Ten times
stronger
than 3
Ten times
stronger
than 2
6
7
Ten times
stronger
than 5
Ten times
stronger
than 4
8
9
Ten times
stronger
than 7
Ten times
stronger
than 6
Ten times
stronger
than 8
Earthquakes
Protecting Yourself During an Earthquake
Stay away from windows, mirrors, and other objects that might shatter.
Get under a sturdy piece of furniture. Cover your head with a pillow.
Stay away from tall or heavy objects that could fall on you.
Stand or crouch in a strongly supported doorway. Cover your head.
If you are outdoors, stay away from trees, buildings, and power lines.
If you are outdoors, crouch on the ground and protect your head.
7th grade Performance Task
Natural Disaster Plan
The local elementary school is teaching the kindergarten classes about natural
disasters. They have asked you to create a presentation that includes a visual aid
explaining two different natural disasters that are common in the Midwest. Your
plan should include research about your chosen natural disasters, as well as safety
precautions and responses you should take for preventing injuries or death if a
disaster should occur. You also have to describe the main procedures to be followed
for each natural disaster.
1.
The student names at least two different natural disasters common in the
Midwest
____/20
2. The student includes research about each natural disaster (total of 2)
____/20
3. The student describes 5 main safety procedures to be followed during each
natural disaster.
____/20
4. The student displays the work by using a power point, flip camera or poster
____/10
TOTAL _____/70
BELL RINGER
EQ: How does knowing
first aid help you to be
prepared?
In this lesson, you will learn to







list steps to take in an emergency.
describe how to perform CPR.
explain ways to help a person who is choking.
explain how to stop severe bleeding.
describe how to treat burns.
describe treatments for fractures, sprains, and bruises.
practice healthful behaviors to avoid burns.
Predicting
Read the main headings, and
look at the figures in this
lesson. Then write down three
pieces of information that you
think might be covered in the
lesson. After the lesson, look
back to see whether your
predictions were correct.
Main headings in this Lesson
• Emergency Situations
• Restoring Breathing and Heartbeat
• How to Help Someone Who Is
Choking
• How to Stop Severe Bleeding
• Burns
• Treating Other Emergencies
Emergency Situations
In an emergency situation:
Call 911.
Give your name, location, and reason for calling.
Explain the condition of the injured person.
Describe what help the injured person has
received.
If you cannot call 911, have someone call.
Emergency Situations
Knowing first aid may help you deal with some
emergency situations.
first aid The immediate care given to someone who becomes
injured or ill until regular medical care can be provided
Restoring Breathing and Heartbeat
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (or CPR) should
only be performed by someone who has been
trained and certified to perform the procedure.
cardiopulmonary resuscitation A first-aid procedure to restore
breathing and circulation
Restoring Breathing and Heartbeat
CPR involves several steps including:
Checking the airway.
Checking breathing.
Checking circulation.
Performing rescue breathing.
Performing chest compressions.
rescue breathing A first aid procedure where someone forces air into
the lungs of a person who cannot breathe on his or
her own
The ABCs of CPR
Performing the CPR Cycles
Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)
An automated external defibrillator (AED) sends a
quick jolt of electricity to the heart through the chest
to make a heart start beating.
More and more public places keep AEDs on hand.
How to Help Someone Who is Choking
Choking results when a person’s airway becomes
blocked by food or accidentally swallowed objects.
Signs of Choking
Grabbing
throat and neck
Gagging
Wheezing
Turning blue
in the face
How to Help Someone Who is Choking
For an adult or older child who is choking, use
abdominal thrusts.
abdominal thrusts Quick, inward and upward pulls into the
diaphragm to force an obstruction out of the
airway
How to Help Someone Who is Choking
If an infant is choking, use chest thrusts.
chest thrusts Quick presses into the middle of the breastbone
to force an obstruction out of the airway
How to Help Someone Who is Choking
If you start to choke and there’s no one around, use
your fist and hand to perform abdominal thrusts.
If this does not work right away, do abdominal
thrusts on a low railing or the back of a chair.
How to Stop Severe Bleeding
Before you help someone who is bleeding, put on
protective gloves.
Never touch anyone else’s blood.
How to Stop Severe Bleeding
Cover the wound with a clean cloth.
Elevate the bleeding area so that it is above the level of the heart.
If the bleeding doesn’t stop, apply pressure to a pressure point or a
main artery between the wound and the heart.
After the bleeding has stopped, stay with the victim until medical help
arrives.
Burns
How to Avoid Burns
Never play with matches or fire.
Handle hot foods carefully.
Avoid making the water too hot in the shower.
Use sunscreen and limit your time in the sun.
Burns
A first-degree burn is also known as a superficial
burn.
first-degree burn A burn in which only the outer layer of
skin has burned and turned red
Treatment
Flush the burned area with cold
water for at least 15 minutes.
Wrap the burn area in a
clean, dry dressing.
Burns
A second-degree burn is also known as a partialthickness burn.
second-degree burn A moderately serious burn in which
the burned area blisters
Treatment
Flush the burned area
with cold water.
Elevate the
burned area.
Loosely wrap the
cooled burn in a clean,
dry dressing.
Burns
A third-degree burn is also known as a fullthickness burn.
third-degree burn A very serious burn in which all the
layers of the skin are damaged
Treatment
Do not remove
burned clothing.
Cover burn with a
clean cloth.
Call 911
immediately.
Treating Other Emergencies
Fractures usually happen along the length of a
bone.
fracture A break in a bone
Treating Other Emergencies
An example of a dislocation is if your upper arm
bone is pulled out of your shoulder socket.
dislocation A major injury that happens when a bone is forced
from its normal position within a joint
Treating Other Emergencies
Moving a broken bone or dislocated joint could
cause further injury.
While you wait for help to arrive, keep the victim
still.
Treating Other Emergencies
Treating Sprains and Burns
P
Protect the injured part.
R
Rest the injured part.
I
Ice the injured part using an ice pack with a towel between the skin
and ice (remove the ice every 15–20 minutes).
C
Compress the part with a bandage.
E
Elevate the part above the level of the heart.
In this lesson, you will learn to
 explain how to protect yourself and others from fires.
 identify ways to prevent accidental injuries.
Sequencing
As you go through this lesson, write down the sequence of
actions that can help you stay safe in a fire.
Staying Safe In a Fire
Preventing Injuries at Home
Other dangers include falls, poisonings, electric
shocks, and gun accidents.
Help prevent these unsafe situations by being safety
conscious.
Preventing Falls
Kitchen
Bathroom
• Clean up spills right
away.
• Put a nonskid mat near
the tub or shower.
• Use a stepstool, not a
chair to get items that
are out of reach.
• Use rugs that have a
rubber backing to
prevent slipping.
• Keep personal products
in plastic bottles.
Stairs
• Keep staircases well lit.
• Apply nonslip treads to
slippery stairs.
• Make sure handrails are
secure and stable.
• If small children live in
the house, put gates at
the top and bottom of
the stairs.
Preventing Poisonings
Never call a child’s
medicines or vitamins
“candy.”
Make sure all medicines
are in bottles with
childproof caps.
Make sure all labels on
household products
are clearly marked.
Lock household
products and medicines
in cabinets.
Keep the phone number for
the local poison control
center and hospital handy.
Preventing Electrical Shocks
Never use an electrical
appliance around water.
Unplug small appliances
when they are not in use.
Pull the plug,
not the cord.
Use plastic outlet
protectors in homes with
small children.
Gun Safety
In many states, it is illegal for most teens to own
a gun.
If you find a gun, do not touch it. Call a parent,
guardian, or other trusted adult.
Gun Safety
Always treat a gun as if it were loaded.
If you hunt, prepare yourself with a gun-training
course.
If you know that someone at school is carrying a
gun or any other weapon, tell a school authority
right away.
Fire Escape Plan Discussion
Day 16
Fire Safety Procedures
Constructed response
1. How can knowledge of first aid procedures be
the difference in life or death?
2. Why is it important to understand the
procedures for weather emergencies?
Personal Safety Review
 Students will know:
 The Accident Chain
 Safety precautions for weather
related emergencies.
 Safety procedures for choking,
bleeding, burns and poisoning.
 Dangers associated with internet
use
 10 Tips for Cyber Safety
 Vocabulary
 Student will be able to
 Create a scenario using the steps in
the accident chain
 Create a plan for fire safety in the
home
 Demonstrate procedures for safety
and weather emergencies.
 Explain and demonstrate for
choking, bleeding, burns and
poisoning.
 Identify the dangers and
precautions when using the
internet.
 Design a booklet of safety and first
aid, symptoms, and definitions
 Tested on Heimlich manuever
 Introduction to CPR and rescue
breathing