PROJECT PRESENTATION ON
CELL PHONE OPERATED
LAND ROVER
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
CONTENTS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Basic block diagram of project
Circuit diagram
Technology used
Components used
Software used
Algorithm
Advantages and disadvantages
Applications
Future scope
Conclusion
References
INTRODUCTION
• Aim of the project is to use a mobile phone to
control a robotic arm mounted on a land rover
• Provides robust control, large working range
and 16 controls.
• Control of robot involves 4 different phases:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Perception
Processing
Action
Detection
BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
PROJECT
MT
1.PERCEPTION
• First part is to make a call to the mobile phone
which is attached to the robot.
• Next part is the decoding of DTMF tone
generated by pressing a key in calling phone.
• Audio signal output from receiving phone is fed
to DTMF decoder chip.
• Decoder chip converts DTMF tone into binary
codes to be fed to microcontroller.
• MT8870 IC used as DTMF decoder in our
project.
2. PROCESSING
• After perception stage, microcontroller
processes the binary codes it receives.
• Microcontroller is pre-programmed in “C” to
perform specific task according to input bits.
• Atmel’s ATmega16 is used for processing.
3. ACTION
• Final stage is rotation of motors based on input
given by the microcontroller.
• Two DC motors of 30 rpm are used for the
land rover and driven by motor driver IC
L293D.
4. DETECTION
• For obstacle detection, a pair of IR transmitter
and receiver is used along with buzzer.
• When the obstacle come near the robot, the IR
transmitter will transmit the IR rays on the
object and the object will reflect the IR rays to
the IR receiver.
• The IR receiver will receive the IR rays and it
will activate the buzzer.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF MAIN
PROJECT
OBSTACLE DETECTION
CIRCUIT
DTMF SIGNALS AND DTMF
DECODING CIRCUIT
•
•
•
•
•
DTMF “Dual Tone Multiple-Frequency”.
Used in a telecommuncating signaling
The 16-keys touch tone pad.
DTMF assigns a unique ‘sound’ to each key.
Keys are arranged in a matrix of 4 columns
and 4 rows.
GROUPING OF FREQUENCY
• Signals generated by the superposition of two pure
sinusoidal tones.
•The DTMF signal generated is the sum of two
sinusoidal tones.
DTMF DECODER IC
TRUTH TABLE FOR DTMF
DECODER
ATMEGA16
MICROCONTROLLER
• Advanced-RISC architecture.
• 16K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash
Program memory.
• Internal and external interrupts.
• 32 general-purpose registers.
• High-performance, Low-power AVR 8-bit
Microcontroller.
FEATURES OF ATMEGA16
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Widely used.
Easily available.
Cost effective.
Speed of execution of instructions.
Flexible instruction set.
Vast documentation.
Easily available support and development
tools.
DIAGRAM OF ATMEGA16
DC MOTOR CONTROLLER
L293D
• Microcontroller output is not sufficient to drive
DC motors, so L293D is used.
• L293D comes in 16-pin DIP. It can provide
current upto 600mA at voltages from 4.5V to
36V.
• It can be used to drive inductive loads such as
relays, solenoids etc
• In the project it is used for simultaneous bidirectional control of two DC motors.
DC MOTOR CONTROL
ACTION PERFORMED
CORRESPONDING TO THE KEY
PRESS
SOFTWARE USED
• The software is written in ‘C’ language
• Hex code for Atmega 16 is generated by using
Code Vision AVR ‘C’ compiler.
• The next software we used is ‘EAGLE’ for
circuit schematic design and layout design.
ALGORITHM
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
STEP 1: START
STEP 2: DECLARE VARIABLES
STEP 3: SET PORT A AS I/P PORT
STEP 4: SET PORT D AS O/P PORT
STEP 5: ACCEPT INPUT
IF I/P IS 0X02 THEN MOVE MOTOR IN FORWARD
DIRECTION
IF I/P IS 0X08 THEN MOVE MOTOR IN BACKWARD
DIRECTION
IF I/P IS 0X04 THEN MOVE MOTOR TO LEFT
IF I/P IS 0X06 THEN MOVE MOTOR TO RIGHT
IF I/P IS 0X05 THEN STOP MOVING MOTOR
STEP 6: STOP
ADVANTAGES
• Wireless control
• Surveillance System.
• Takes in use of the mobile technology which is
almost available everywhere.
• This wireless device has no boundation of
range and can be controlled as far as network
of cell phone
DISADVANTAGES
• Cell phone bill.
• Mobile batteries drain out early so charging
problem.
• Not flexible with all cell phones as only a
particular cell phone whose earpiece is
attached can only be used.
APPLICATIONS
• Scientific
• Military and Law Enforcement
• Search and Rescue
• Recreation and Hobby
FUTURE SCOPE
• Password Protection
• Alarm-Phone Dialer
• Adding a Camera
CONCLUSION
• We have successfully implemented the entire
circuit on the PCB with obstacle detection feature.
• Since all we need is a mobile call establishment to
instruct the robot due to the cell phone’s unending
and cheap availability, this is highly feasible.
• The level of sophistication is quite low and hence
its working is user friendly.
• Project can also be subjected to standardization
and hence has a good future scope.
REFERENCES
[1] Schenker, L, "Pushbutton Calling with a Two-Group Voice- Frequency Code” The
Bell system technical journal, vol 14,no. 2, Jan 2006.
[2] M. Ali Yousuf, R. Montúfar Chaveznava, and V. de la Cueva Cueva Hernández,
"Robotic projects to enhance student participation, motivation and learning",
Hernández Current Developments in Technology-Assisted Education ,pp 922-952,
July 2008.
[3] Robert Siwy, "Generation and Recognition of DTMF Signals with the
Microcontroller MSP430", Texas Instruments Deutschland, October 2005.
[4] “Cell phone based land rover” Liu, Simon & Silverman, Mark. November 2009
[online] Available: http://www.instructables.com/id/Cellphone-operated-Robot/
[accessed:Jan 2013].
[5]http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheets_pdf/M/T/8/8/MT8870.shtml
[6]http://www.alldatasheet.com/datasheetpdf/pdf/STMICROELECTRONICS/L298.ht
ml
[8]http://robosapiensindia.com/robomart/index.php?product_id=218&page=shop