4/20/12-Copy AND answer the
following questions.
Do-Now:
1. How do you think you did on the taxonomy
“quest?”
2. How long did you study for it?
3. What could YOU do to improve your grade?
4. What could I do to help you?
Vocab Flashcards
Chapter 3-1
1. Ecology
2. Biosphere
3. Species
4. Population
5. Community
6. Ecosystem
7. Biome
Chapter 4-2
8. Biotic Factor
9. Abiotic Factor
10. Carrying Capacity
11. Exponential Growth
What is Ecology?
What is Ecology?
Ecology is the study of the
interactions between
organisms and the living
and nonliving components
of their environment.
Why care???
• Learning to improve our effect on the
environment is critical to the survival of our
species
• Scientists believe the 6th mass extinction is
beginning now.
– It is possible that 20% of the world’s species
may die within 100 years
• The human population has (more than)
tripled since 1930 (7 billion people)
– More people=more energy, food, space
Human Influences on the Earth
•
•
•
•
Declining Ozone
Increased Carbon Dioxide
Acid Rain
Polluted Waterways/soil
The living components of
the environment are called
the biotic factors.
Name biotic factors seen in this picture.
The nonliving components
of the environment are
called abiotic factors.
Name abiotic factors seen in this picture.
Reading Assignment
• Read p. 90.
Levels of Organization
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism
Biosphere
• 5-6 miles above Earth’s surface to
the bottom of the oceans, thin layer
of atmosphere that supports life
Ecosystem
• All organisms and nonliving
environment in a particular area
• Examples-lake, beaches of
Georgia, piedmont
• Community-All of the interacting
organisms in an area
– Example-all of the fish, algae,
bacteria, etc. in a lake
• Population-all of the members of a
species that live in one place at one
time
– Example-all of the large mouth
bass in a lake
Reading Assignment
• Read p. 62-65.
4/20/12-Pick up your book.
Do-Now:
1. Contrast biotic & abiotic factors. List 3
examples of each.
2. List the 5 levels of ecological organization
from largest to smallest.
3. How is a community different from a
population?
Population Dynamics
All populations are dynamic-they
change in size and composition
over time.
Factors that affect population dynamics:
1. Birth rate (natality)- the number of
births during a time period
2. Death rate (mortality) –the number of
deaths during a time period
3. Immigration-movement into a
population
4. Emigration-the movement out of the
population.
The Organism Level
a.Any living thing is an
organism
b.No organism is isolated-all
organisms interact with other
organisms in their surroundings
and with the nonliving portion of
their environment.
The Organism Level
c. Organisms change their
environment and are
influenced by those changes.
An organism cannot live in areas
where it is exposed to conditions
that fall outside of its tolerance
limits.
Tolerance curve of species of fish
How do organisms
overcome the challenges
of their environment?
How do organisms overcome the
challenges of their environment?
1. Acclimation-adjust their tolerance to
abiotic factors
How do organisms overcome the
challenges of their environment?
1. Acclimation-adjust their tolerance to
abiotic factors
2. Control of Internal Conditionsconformers vs regulators
How do organisms overcome the
challenges of their environment?
1. Acclimation-adjust their tolerance to
abiotic factors
2. Control of Internal Conditionsconformers vs regulators
3. Escape from unsuitable conditions
Dormancy – state of reduced activity
Migration – seasonal movements
4/23/12-Pick up your book.
Do-Now:
1. List 4 factors that may impact population
dynamics.
2. What happens when a population reaches
its carrying capacity?
3. List 3 ways organisms may overcome the
challenges of their environment.
What is the difference
between habitat and niche?
What is the difference
between habitat and niche?
Habitat- where an organism
lives
Niche – the way an organism
lives
Species Interaction Posters
1. Title (type of species interaction)
2. Group Member Names in bottom right
corner
3. Description of interaction
4. Specific example(s) of interaction
5. Picture(s) to depict interaction
You will have 15 minutes to complete your
poster. Use p. 91-93.
Species Interaction (Symbioses)
• PREDATOR-captures, kills, & consumes
other organisms (PREY)
• Because of a predator’s good ability to find
their prey, the prey must be good at not
getting “caught.”
• So, NATURAL SELECTION is favoring
ways for prey to avoid or escape their
predators.
What do you see here?
Mimicry
• Occurs when a
harmless species
looks like a
dangerous one to
protect itself
Example: The
nonvenomous
scarlet king
snake
resembles a
venomous
coral snake.
Parasitism
• Type of species interaction where one is
harmed while the other benefits
(PARASITE feeds on HOST)
• ENDOPARASITES-internal
– Example-tapeworm
• ECTOPARASITES-external
– Example-tick
• Mutualism -Both species benefit
– Example-Sharks and remoras
(cleaner fish)
• Commensalism-one species benefits
and the other is unaffected
– Example-cattle egrets eating lizards
and insects the Cape buffalo stir up
when walking
Do-Now:
• Pick up and complete the review questions
on the desk.
Energy is constantly being
transferred within the
environment. All organisms need
energy to carry out essential
functions.
Producers
• Autotrophic organisms
that make their own
food
• Most are
photosynthetic, but
bacteria use
CHEMOSYNTHESIS
(produce carbs by
using energy from
inorganic molecules)
Consumers
• Get energy by
eating other
organisms
– HERBIVORESeat plants
– CARNIVORESeat animals
– OMNIVORESfeed on either
– DETRITIVORESfeed on “garbage”
– DECOMPOSERS
-cause decay of
dead organisms
FOOD CHAIN
• Single pathway of feeding relationships
among organisms in an ecosystem that
results in energy transfer
• Example:
SUN grass  mouse  snake  hawk bacteria
(Energy Producer 1o Consumer 2o Consumer3o Consumer Decomposer)
10% Rule-only 10% of the energy is
passed on, 90% is lost for daily
activities or as heat
FOOD WEB
• Interrelated food chains in an ecosystem
TROPHIC LEVELS
Reading Assignment
• Read p. 67-73.
-Pick up your book.
Do-Now:
1. What percentage of organisms have to disappear for it
to be considered a “mass extinction?”
2. Where is the “hole” in the ozone layer?
3. List the 5 levels of ecological organization from
largest to smallest.
4. What is an example of acclimation?
5. List the 5 species interactions discussed in class.
6. Contrast conformers & regulators.
7. What is the 10% rule? Where does the other 90% go?
8. List 2 biotic factors AND 2 abiotic factors.
-Pick up your book.
Do-Now:
• Pick up and complete the ½ sheet warm up
from the desk.
-Pick up your book.
Do-Now:
• Pick up and complete the Ecology Word
Search.
WATER CYCLE
CARBON CYCLE
NITROGEN CYCLE
Succession…
• The gradual, sequential regrowth of
species in an area
– Primary-development of a community that
has not supported life before (ex. pioneer
plants growing on rocks)
– Secondary-replacement of species that
follows disruption of an existing community
(ex. after a forest fire or hurricane)
Reading Assignment
• Read p. 74-80 & 94-97.
-Pick up your book.
Do-Now:
• Pick up and complete the crossword puzzle
titled “ECOLOGY” (NOT Introduction to
Ecology).
• This will be collected in 10 minutes &
graded.
-Pick up your book.
Do-Now:
• Introduction to Ecology Crossword Puzzle
(back of Ecology Crossword Puzzle)
• Take out your EOCT Review (P. 17-18)
BIOMES
• 7 TERRESTRIAL ecosystems
TUNDRA
•
•
•
•
•
Cold
Usually treeless
Largest biome
Moist
Thin topsoil over
permafrost
• Nutrient poor
TAIGA
• South of tundra
• Evergreen trees
• Hibernating or
migrating species
• Low in nutrients
TEMPERATE DECIDIOUS
FOREST
•
•
•
•
Trees lose all leaves
Obvious seasons
Moist
Moderate nutrient
levels
• Broad-leaved shrubs
and trees
TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS
• Too dry for trees
• Rich, deep top soil
• Used for farming
DESERTS
•
•
•
•
•
Dry
Not always HOT
Often sandy
Nutrient poor
Succulent plants
and scattered
grasses
SAVANNAS
• Tropical
• More rain than deserts
• Less rain than tropical
rain forests
• Dry, thin topsoil
• Porous
• Tall grasses
• Scattered trees
TROPICAL RAIN FOREST
•
•
•
•
•
Tall trees
Species rich
Near equator
Moist
Broad-leaved
evergreen trees and
shrubs
-Pick up your book.
Do-Now:
1. What would life on Earth be like without
decomposers?
2. List the 5 levels of ecological organization from
largest to smallest.
3. List the 4 factors that impact a population.
4. Describe how energy is transferred from 1 tropic
level to the next in a food chain.
5. Create a food chain. Label the energy source,
producer, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd consumers, and
decomposer.
Aquatic Ecosystems-OCEAN
– PHOTIC ZONEreceives sunight
– APHOTIC
ZONE-cold, deep,
dark, no sunlight
– INTERTIDAL
ZONE-tides
produce rise and
fall of H2O,
organisms must be
adapted for
survival
– NERITIC ZONEarea above
continental shelf,
very productive,
PLANKTON
– OCEANIC ZONEdeep water beyond
continental shelf
• PELAGIC
ZONE-open
ocean
• BENTHIC
ZONE-ocean
bottom
• ESTUARIES occur where fresh and salt
water meet
• Freshwater zones
– Lakes and ponds
– Rivers and streams
-Pick up your book.
Do-Now:
• Take out your EOCT Review (p. 13-14).
1. What are CFCs and why was the production of
most CFCs stopped in the 1990’s?
2. List 3 ways we impact the carbon cycle.
3. Why is global warming happening?