AP World History Review
1750-1914
• In what century did the Atlantic slave trade
reach its zenith in terms of numbers of Africans
exported?
• A) fifteenth
• B) sixteenth
• C) seventeenth
• D) eighteenth
• E) fourteenth
And the answer is
• D) eighteenth
• In what way did the trans-Saharan slave trade differ
from that of the Atlantic slave trade?
• A) The Atlantic slave trade was carried out almost
exclusively by Muslims.
• B) The trans-Saharan slave trade was carried out in
much greater volume than the Atlantic slave trade.
• C) The trans-Saharan slave trade concentrated on
women, but the Atlantic slave trade concentrated on
young men.
• D) The African preference for retaining young male
slaves to extend kinship lines implied that primarily
women were available to the Atlantic trade, while men
converted to Islam were more likely trade objects for the
trans-Saharan trade.
• E) The trans-Saharan slave trade was much more
arduous and cruel than the trans-Atlantic trade.
And the answer is
• C) The trans-Saharan slave trade concentrated
on women, but the Atlantic slave trade
concentrated on young men.
• What was the demographic impact of the slave trade on
Africa?
• A) The slave trade exported millions, but the loss was
made up as a result of the natural prolificacy of the
Africans.
• B) Population in Africa seems to actually have grown,
despite the number of men, women, and children
exported to the Americas.
• C) The slave trade had the impact of skewing the
population of central Africa in favor of a disproportional
number of women.
• D) As a result of the slave trade, the population of Africa
was only one-third of what it would have been without
the export of men and women.
• E) The African population grew as kingdoms had more
slaves.
And the answer is
• C) The slave trade had the impact of skewing the
population of central Africa in favor of a
disproportional number of women.
• How did the British organize the shipment of slaves to
the Americas?
• A) In Britain, unlike elsewhere, the slave trade was
carried out by uncontrolled private venture.
• B) In Britain, the chartered Royal African Company was
granted a monopoly over the shipment of slaves to
colonies in the Americas.
• C) The British refused to participate in the slave trade
and attempted to intercept shipments of slaves to the
Americas beginning in the 1660s.
• D) The British government directly participated in the
slave trade through use of the Royal Navy.
• E) All merchant marine ships were used for this purpose.
And the answer is
• B) In Britain, the chartered Royal African
Company was granted a monopoly over the
shipment of slaves to colonies in the Americas
• What was the political impact of the presence of
Europeans on the African coast?
• A) States were more likely to form in the savanna
regions of Africa.
• B) Strong centralized states began to form on the
coastline in close proximity to the European trade
forts.
• C) West and central African kingdoms just inland
from the forts began to redirect their trade and
expand their influence.
• D) State formation in Africa took place on the Indian
Ocean coast away from the trade routes established by
the Europeans.
• E) Europeans immediately divided up the entire
continent.
And the answer is
• C) West and central African kingdoms just
inland from the forts began to redirect their
trade and expand their influence.
• In what way did the European slave trade enable centralizing
states to expand more rapidly?
• A) Slaves were traded for firearms that allowed expanding
states to overpower their neighbors, resulting in more slaves.
• B) The Europeans rapidly created military alliances and
added their armies to those of their slave-trading allies.
• C) The European slave trade weakened the states of central
and western Africa, allowing the centralizing states of eastern
Africa to expand without competition.
• D) The slave trade was restricted to the coasts, leaving the
political units of interior Africa free of European interference.
• E) All slaves were shipped from a central location.
And the answer is
• A) Slaves were traded for firearms that allowed
expanding states to overpower their neighbors,
resulting in more slaves.
• What area of Africa was least affected by the
slave trade?
• A) the savanna and the Sudan
• B) southern Africa
• C) central and west Africa
• D) east Africa
• E) West Africa
And the answer is
• B) southern Africa
• What was the average mortality for slaves
shipped to the Americas in the Atlantic slave
trade?
• A) 10–15 percent
• B) 18–20 percent
• C) 25–40 percent
• D) 55–65 percent
• E) less than 10 percent
And the answer is
• B) 18–20 percent
• The slave voyage to the Americas was referred to
as the:
• A) “Atlantic Mistral.”
• B) Ocean Express.
• C) “American Tragedy.”
• D) “Middle Passage.”
• E) “Rite of Passage.”
And the answer is
• D) “Middle Passage.”
• Which of the following statements concerning the political
philosophy of the Enlightenment is most accurate?
• A) Enlightenment philosophers were creatures of the
monarchs who were their patrons and supported the
powers of the kings.
• B) Although the Enlightenment philosophers were
generally opposed to the authority of the Church, they
argued that only monarchy could insure stability for the
masses.
• C) Enlightenment thinkers challenged regimes that did not
grant full religious freedom or that insisted on aristocratic
privilege.
• D) Enlightenment intellectuals were the firmest
supporters of the Church left in European culture.
• E) Enlightenment figures supported the national regimes
unconditionally.
And the answer is
• C) Enlightenment thinkers challenged regimes
that did not grant full religious freedom or that
insisted on aristocratic privilege.
• In what year did the American colonies set up a
new constitutional structure based on
Enlightenment principles?
• A) 1776
• B) 1781
• C) 1783
• D) 1789
• E) 1785
And the answer is
• D) 1789
• Which of the following was NOT a cause of the
French Revolution?
• A) Enlightenment thinkers urging the need to
limit the powers of the Catholic Church and the
aristocracy
• B) the Church seeking greater power over the
royal government
• C) the middle class demand for greater political
representation
• D) the peasant desire for freedom from
manorialism
• E) the rising power of the peasants
And the answer is
• B) the Church seeking greater power over the
royal government
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In what year did the French Revolution begin?
A) 1789
B) 1791
C) 1795
D) 1798
E) 1792
And the answer is
• A) 1789
• Which of the following was a lasting reform
passed during the initial, moderate phase of the
French Revolution?
• A) universal male suffrage
• B) the introduction of Protestantism
• C) peasants were freed from all traces of
manorialism
• D) universal military conscription
• E) private education
And the answer is
• C) peasants were freed from all traces of
manorialism
• On July 14 in the first year of the French
Revolution, the storming of what political prison
provided a revolutionary symbol?
• A) Tuileries
• B) Place des Vosges
• C) Montpamasse
• D) Bastille
• E) Orangerie
And the answer is
• D) Bastille
• The final phase of the French Revolution was
ushered in by the victory of:
• A) Maximilien Robespierre.
• B) Napoleon Bonaparte.
• C) Auguste Comte.
• D) Partie Girondin.
• E) Marquis de Lafayette.
And the answer is
• B) Napoleon Bonaparte.
• In what year did a European alliance finally
crush the French empire?
• A) 1809
• B) 1811
• C) 1815
• D) 1822
• E) 1848
And the answer is
• C) 1815
• Which of the following statements concerning the peace
conference at Vienna following the fall of France is most
accurate?
• A) The allies intended to punish France severely in order
to make certain that no further revolution was possible.
• B) Territorial adjustments reached at Vienna kept
Europe fairly stable for almost half a century.
• C) Successful restoration of conservative monarchies and
promotion of internal peace was achieved for a century.
• D) Poland emerged as one of the winners in the
territorial realignments that followed the wars.
• E) The old Holy Roman Empire was virtually untouched.
And the answer is
• B) Territorial adjustments reached at Vienna
kept Europe fairly stable for almost half a
century.
• Which political group listed below would
espouse the following statement? “The political
goals of greatest significance are the
establishment of constitutional rule and the
extension of the parliamentary franchise to
propertied men of the middle class.”
• A) radicals
• B) socialists
• C) liberals
• D) conservatives
• E) royalists
And the answer is
• C) liberals
• Which political group listed below would
espouse the following statement? “As long as
property is controlled by private individuals,
inequality will exist. It is the role of the state to
manage property for the benefit of all citizens.”
• A) radicals
• B) socialists
• C) liberals
• D) conservatives
• E) royalists
And the answer is
• B) socialists
• In 1820, Greece fought for its independence
from:
• A) Austria-Hungary.
• B) Poland.
• C) Italy.
• D) the Ottoman Empire.
• E) Russia.
And the answer is
• D) the Ottoman Empire.
• Which of the following was NOT a cause of the
beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Great
Britain?
• A) natural resources
• B) strong capital reserves from previous trade
• C) faith in human progress and in human ability
to dominate nature
• D) the absence of population pressure capable of
siphoning off profits
• E) the existence of a large peasant class
And the answer is
• D) the absence of population pressure capable of
siphoning off profits
• What was the contribution of American
inventors to the Industrial Revolution?
• A) the invention of the steam engine used in the
factory system
• B) the creation of the first railway system
• C) the construction of the first steel factory using
the “puddling” system
• D) the creation of a production system of
interchangeable parts
• E) the inventor of the water wheel
And the answer is
• D) the creation of a production system of
interchangeable parts
• Middle class women, traditionally active
partners to merchants,:
• A) continued to provide substantial expertise
in the direction of business.
• B) gained new roles in accounting and
banking.
• C) withdrew from formal jobs to new roles in
caring for children and the home.
• D) entered the work force in increasing
numbers.
• E) became merchants themselves.
And the answer is
• C) withdrew from formal jobs to new roles in
caring for children and the home.
• After industrialization a demographic transition
occurred to a new system that promoted stable
population levels through:
• A) government-sponsored family planning.
• B) legal sanctions against illegitimate births.
• C) low birth and death rates.
• D) increased mortality due to industrial
accidents and environmental pollution.
• E) better nutrition.
And the answer is
• C) low birth and death rates.
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Louis Pasteur was responsible for the:
A) development of the telegraph.
B) discovery of germs.
C) creation of the first French department store.
D) invention of the birth control pill.
E) invention of automobiles.
And the answer is
• B) discovery of germs.
• As industrialization spread peasants in Europe
improved their conditions by all of the following
means EXCEPT:
• A) forming unions.
• B) organizing cooperatives.
• C) specializing in new cash crops.
• D) seeking more education.
• E) acquiring new technical skills.
And the answer is
• A) forming unions.
• Which of the following statements concerning conservative political
strategies after 1850 is most accurate?
• A) With the destruction of the liberal movement, conservatives felt
free to restore the aristocratic bias of absolute monarchy.
• B) Conservatives began to ally more closely with socialists in order
to offset the political advantages gained by liberals during the
revolutions of 1848.
• C) Conservatives ceased to play any role in the political framework
of Europe after 1850.
• D) Conservatives strove to develop a new political consensus with
liberals that would grant the appearance of constitutional reform
but retain aristocratic privilege.
• E) Conservatives allied themselves with the middle class to stop the
rise of workers.
And the answer is
• D) Conservatives strove to develop a new
political consensus with liberals that would
grant the appearance of constitutional reform
but retain aristocratic privilege.
• Who was responsible for managing the
unification of Italy?
• A) Benito Mussolini
• B) Count Camillo di Cavour
• C) Georgio Gaspari
• D) Giovanni Villani
• E) Antonio Gramsci
And the answer is
• B) Count Camillo di Cavour
• What German conservative was responsible for
the unification of Germany in 1871?
• A) Otto von Bismarck
• B) the Elector of Hanover
• C) King Joseph II
• D) Klemens von Metternich
• E) Helmuth von Moltke
And the answer is
• A) Otto von Bismarck
• Which of the following statements could NOT be
attributed to the political philosophy of Karl Marx?
• A) Earlier socialist theories based on utopian
schemes were silly and unrealistic.
• B) In the aftermath of the victory of the proletariat,
the state would emerge permanently as a powerful
dictatorship.
• C) History was shaped by the available means of
production and who controlled them.
• D) Revolution of the proletariat against the
bourgeoisie was inevitable.
• E) History is a struggle between owners and
laborers.
And the answer is
• B) In the aftermath of the victory of the
proletariat, the state would emerge permanently
as a powerful dictatorship.
• In what nation did socialism produce the
strongest political party?
• A) Britain
• B) the United States
• C) France
• D) Germany
• E) Austria
And the answer is
• D) Germany
• Who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of
biological development?
• A) Charles Darwin
• B) Karl le Blanc
• C) Louis Pasteur
• D) Nils Bormann
• E) Friedrich Nietzsche
And the answer is
• A) Charles Darwin
• Britain’s Australian colonies originated in 1788
as:
• A) mining expeditions.
• B) plantation and ranching settlements.
• C) penal settlements.
• D) fortified trading ports.
• E) silver depots.
And the answer is
• C) penal settlements.
• Which of the following countries was NOT a
member of the Triple Entente?
• A) Italy
• B) France
• C) Germany
• D) the United States
• E) Austria-Hungary
And the answer is
• D) the United States
• Balkan nationalism initially exacerbated
deteriorating relationships between what two
powers with interests in the region?
• A) Britain and France
• B) Germany and Italy
• C) Russia and Austria-Hungary
• D) France and Russia
• E) Turkey and Greece
And the answer is
• C) Russia and Austria-Hungary
• Which of the following was NOT an aspect of
imperialism in the period following European
industrialization?
• A) the search for markets for European
manufactured products
• B) the absence of Christian missions
• C) the establishment of European colonies in the
interior of Africa and Asia
• D) the search for raw materials to feed the
machines of Europe
• E) the need to find profitable investments for
excess capital
And the answer is
• B) the absence of Christian missions
• By what time did the shift from pre-industrial to
industrial imperialism clearly take place?
• A) the beginning of the eighteenth century
• B) the middle of the eighteenth century
• C) the beginning of the nineteenth century
• D) the middle of the nineteenth century
• E) the beginning of the twentieth century
And the answer is
• D) the middle of the nineteenth century
• Which of the following statements concerning the
management of colonial enterprises by the Dutch and
British East India Companies is most accurate?
• A) The directors of the companies were little interested in
the acquisition of colonial territories.
• B) The directors of the companies made precise plans for
the expansion of company administrative control over the
governments of indigenous peoples.
• C) The companies were granted monopolies by
governments with the clear expectation that they would
conquer new territories for their respective nations.
• D) The companies were mere figureheads for the active
and direct intervention of European nations in the affairs
of Asian peoples.
• E) The companies worked in partnership with indigenous
industries.
And the answer is
• A) The directors of the companies were little
interested in the acquisition of colonial
territories.
• Which of the following was the earliest example
of a European empire built as a result of
independent initiative of company agents?
• A) Java
• B) Siam
• C) India
• D) Libya
• E) Macao
And the answer is
• A) Java
• In what way was the British East India
Company’s intrusion into India similar to the
Dutch entry into Java?
• A) the conversion of the Indian elite to
Christianity
• B) the use of mercenaries recruited from among
indigenous peoples
• C) the British removal of all local rulers in the
eighteenth century
• D) the direct intervention of the British
government
• E) effective naval operations
And the answer is
• B) the use of mercenaries recruited from among
indigenous peoples
• In which of the following ways was the British
experience in India different than that of the Dutch
in Java?
• A) the lack of involvement of the British East India
Company
• B) the absence of intervention in local squabbles and
succession disputes in India
• C) the failure to use indigenous peoples in recruited
armies
• D) the existence of a global imperial rivalry with the
French
• E) the support of the British government
And the answer is
• D) the existence of a global imperial rivalry with
the French
• The territories controlled by the British East
India Company expanded concurrently with the
collapse of the:
• A) Safavid dominions.
• B) Mughal Empire.
• C) Mauryan territories.
• D) Raj.
• E) Maghreb.
And the answer is
• B) Mughal Empire.
• Which of the following was NOT a handicap
faced by the Indian princes in defending their
kingdoms from the British?
• A) the lack of a sense of national identity in
India
• B) the willingness of Indians to serve in the
British armies
• C) the continued warfare among the Indian
princes
• D) the success of the British in winning many
converts to Christianity
• E) strength of the British military
And the answer is
• D) the success of the British in winning many
converts to Christianity
• Which of the following statements concerning
European interaction with indigenous peoples prior to
1850 is most accurate?
• A) Social taboos effectively prevented any social
interaction between Europeans and indigenous
peoples.
• B) As most of the Europeans were male, social
interaction was limited to sexual exploitation of
females in brothels or as slaves.
• C) Mixed marriages between European males and
indigenous females became widely accepted,
particularly in Java.
• D) Both European males and females intermarried
with indigenous peoples on a common basis.
• E) In all cases few interactions took place.
And the answer is
• C) Mixed marriages between European males
and indigenous females became widely accepted,
particularly in Java.
• Jeremy Bentham and James Mill were leaders of
what philosophical movement that supported
social reform in the colonies?
• A) Sophism
• B) Scientific Positivism
• C) Social Darwinism
• D) Utilitarianism
• E) Pragmatism
And the answer is
• D) Utilitarianism
• Which of the following countries granted
citizenship to educated inhabitants of their
colonies?
• A) Britain
• B) Germany
• C) Holland
• D) France
• E) Spain
And the answer is
• D) France
• By 1914 all of Africa had fallen to European
colonialists EXCEPT:
• A) Libya.
• B) Algeria.
• C) Egypt.
• D) Ethiopia.
• E) South Africa.
And the answer is
• D) Ethiopia.
• Which of the following statements most accurately
describes the European strategy with respect to the
government of tropical dependencies?
• A) The Europeans exploited longstanding ethnic and
cultural divisions between indigenous peoples.
• B) European colonialism depended on wholesale
conversions to Christianity.
• C) In many cases, the Europeans utilized their
military superiority to carry out genocide against
African and Asian peoples.
• D) Colonial rulers tended to favor Muslims at the
expense of other minorities in African and Asian
colonies because of the level of education of Muslim
peoples.
• E) They were de facto independent nations.
And the answer is
• A) The Europeans exploited longstanding ethnic
and cultural divisions between indigenous
peoples.
• Hawaii was effectively opened to the West
through the voyages of:
• A) Magellan.
• B) Captain James Cook.
• C) Henry Hudson.
• D) Admiral Farragut.
• E) Francis Drake.
And the answer is
• B) Captain James Cook.
• Why were the Portuguese unwilling to exchange bullion
for products within the Asian commercial system?
• A) The doctrine of mercantilism equated possession of
bullion with power and argued against negative trade
balances.
• B) They had none.
• C) There was little merchandise that the Portuguese
considered of value in the Asian trade network.
• D) All of Portuguese bullion was exchanged for slaves in
the African commercial system.
• E) They were sending bullion to England to pay for
weapons.
And the answer is
• A) The doctrine of mercantilism equated
possession of bullion with power and argued
against negative trade balances.
• Why did the Portuguese believe they could
successfully enter the Asian sea trading by force?
• A) The Asian empires lacked navies.
• B) There was little military force in any of the
Muslim or Asian empires.
• C) The Portuguese realized that their armies were
more numerous than those of the Asian opponents.
• D) The Portuguese had fewer ships, but they were
more maneuverable and better armed than those of
their Asian opponents.
• E) The European trade zones were easily dominated
by force.
And the answer is
• D) The Portuguese had fewer ships, but they
were more maneuverable and better armed than
those of their Asian opponents.
• The Portuguese won a major sea battle over a
combined fleet of Egyptian and Indian vessels in
1509 at:
• A) Malacca.
• B) Diu.
• C) Samarkand.
• D) Batavia.
• E) Jidda.
And the answer is
• B) Diu.
• Which of the following was NOT a fortified
trading port established by the Portuguese in the
early sixteenth century?
• A) Batavia
• B) Ormuz
• C) Malacca
• D) Goa
• E) Pegu
And the answer is
• A) Batavia
• What trade did the Portuguese intend to
monopolize within the Asian trading network?
• A) slaves
• B) ivory
• C) spices
• D) cotton textiles
• E) lumber
And the answer is
• C) spices
• How successful was the Portuguese monopoly on Asian
products?
• A) For some decades they were able to maintain a complete
monopoly over Asian products shipped to Europe.
• B) Though they managed to monopolize some spices grown in
limited locales, the Portuguese lacked the manpower and
ships to sustain a monopoly.
• C) The Portuguese were unable to achieve control over any
Asian products due to competition from the Chinese
commercial navy.
• D) The Portuguese monopoly was rigidly enforced over Asian
products for almost two centuries.
• E) Other European trade powers were frozen out of the
market.
And the answer is
• B) Though they managed to monopolize some
spices grown in limited locales, the Portuguese
lacked the manpower and ships to sustain a
monopoly.
• Who succeeded the Portuguese as the most
successful European entrant into the Asian sea
trading network?
• A) England
• B) Italy
• C) Spain
• D) Holland
• E) Germany
And the answer is
• D) Holland
• Where was the chief Dutch trading fortress and
port in Southeast Asia?
• A) Ormuz
• B) Goa
• C) Batavia
• D) Darsan
• E) Manila
And the answer is
• C) Batavia
• How did the Dutch commercial strategy within the Asian
trade network differ from that of the Portuguese?
• A) The Dutch lacked a substantial navy, and could not
use warships to maintain their commercial advantage.
• B) The Dutch did not make use of fortified towns and
factories.
• C) The Dutch were more systematic in their monopoly
control of a limited number of specific spices.
• D) The Dutch were more humane in their treatment of
island peoples who cultivated the spices.
• E) The Dutch were more interested in establishing
permanent settlements.
And the answer is
• C) The Dutch were more systematic in their
monopoly control of a limited number of specific
spices.
• In what way did the Dutch and English participation within
the Asian sea trading network change by the middle decades
of the seventeenth century?
• A) For both the Dutch and the English, peaceful commerce
came to be more profitable than forcible control and
monopolies were aimed at European rather than Asian rivals.
• B) Both northern European nations abandoned the commerce
in spices in favor of cotton and silk textiles.
• C) Unlike the Portuguese arid Spanish, the northern
European nations undertook wholesale conversion to
Protestantism of the inhabitants of the spice islands.
• D) As allies, the Dutch and English were able to establish a
naval supremacy in Asia sufficient to monopolize all trade
within the Asian sea trading network.
• E) Military expansion enabled greater commercial control.
And the answer is
• A) For both the Dutch and the English, peaceful
commerce came to be more profitable than
forcible control and monopolies were aimed at
European rather than Asian rivals.
• What treaty in 1757 reduced the Javanese
princes to vassals of the Dutch East India
Company?
• A) Treaty of Luzon
• B) Treaty of Suharta
• C) Treaty of Gijanti
• D) Treaty of Suhong
• E) Treaty of Nanking
And the answer is
• C) Treaty of Gijanti
• What area of the Philippines were the Spanish
NOT able to conquer?
• A) Luzon
• B) Suhong
• C) Java
• D) Mindanao
• E) Leyte
And the answer is
• D) Mindanao
• Among which of the following groups did
Roman Catholic missionaries enjoy some
success?
• A) the animists of the southern Philippines
• B) Hindu brahmans
• C) the Chinese
• D) outcaste groups in Indian coastal regions
• E) Buddhists
And the answer is
• D) outcaste groups in Indian coastal regions
• What Jesuit missionary was responsible for
creating the strategy of converting Hindu elites
as a means of achieving mass conversions?
• A) Francis Xavier
• B) Robert di Nobili
• C) Matteo Ricci
• D) Adam Schall
• E) Padre Kino
And the answer is
• B) Robert di Nobili
• In what sense was the Spanish conversion of the
Filipinos similar to their experience in the Americas?
• A) All Christian tenets were taught in the language of the
indigenous peoples.
• B) Filipino conversion to Christianity was predicated on
political equality with the Spanish conquerors.
• C) Like the Amerindians, the Filipinos’ brand of
Christianity represented a creative blend of earlier
beliefs and practices with Christianity.
• D) Few Filipinos were converted to Christianity.
• E) Filipinos were easily converted to Protestant faiths.
And the answer is
• C) Like the Amerindians, the Filipinos’ brand of
Christianity represented a creative blend of
earlier beliefs and practices with Christianity.
• Which of the following was NOT a European
contribution to the Asian sea trading network?
• A) the addition of new routes, including the link to
Europe around the Cape of Good Hope
• B) the introduction of sea warfare into the Asian
trade network
• C) the establishment of new trading centers such as
Goa, Calcutta, and Batavia
• D) the establishment of an exchange of new crops
and diseases similar to the “Columbian Exchange”
with the Americas
• E) A global flow of silver
And the answer is
• D) the establishment of an exchange of new
crops and diseases similar to the “Columbian
Exchange” with the Americas
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The first Ming emperor of China was:
A) Yunglo.
B) Hongwu.
C) Kangxi.
D) Zhenghe.
E) Chong Zhao.
And the answer is
• B) Hongwu.
• Which of the following reforms was NOT
introduced by the first Ming emperor?
• A) The position of the scholar-gentry within the
bureaucracy was restored.
• B) State subsidies for imperial academies and
regional colleges were re-instituted.
• C) Family influence in the selection of men to the
Chinese bureaucracy was eliminated.
• D) The civil service examination system was
reinstated.
• E) The position of chief minister was abolished.
And the answer is
• C) Family influence in the selection of men to
the Chinese bureaucracy was eliminated.
• Which of the following was a reform instituted by the
first Ming emperor to reduce court factionalism and the
power of the scholar-gentry?
• A) A chief minister was appointed from the royal family
to oversee all work of the imperial bureaucracy.
• B) Corrupt or incompetent members of the bureaucracy
were punished by being beaten on the bare buttocks.
• C) Imperial wives could only come from specified noble
families of good repute.
• D) Eunuchs were expelled from the royal household.
• E) Exams were more complex.
And the answer is
• B) Corrupt or incompetent members of the
bureaucracy were punished by being beaten on
the bare buttocks.
• Which of the following statements concerning Ming reforms
in favor of the peasantry is most accurate?
• A) The early Ming emperors were completely uninterested in
the plight of the peasantry.
• B) The first Ming emperor attempted to increase the forced
labor demands on the peasantry in order to restore the
Chinese economy following the expulsion of the Mongols.
• C) Despite some attempts to improve economic conditions for
the peasantry, the growing power of the rural landlords led to
increased tenancy and landless laborers.
• D) The Ming reforms resulted in a reduction in the authority
of the local landlords and the establishment of small farming
operations throughout China.
• E) Peasants were made exempt from all taxation.
And the answer is
• C) Despite some attempts to improve economic
conditions for the peasantry, the growing power
of the rural landlords led to increased tenancy
and landless laborers.
• Which of the following statements concerning Ming social
organization is most accurate?
• A) The adoption of more Buddhist beliefs began to break
down the strict patterns of deference that had been customary
in Han and Song China.
• B) Occupational alternatives for women of all social levels
dramatically expanded during the Ming era.
• C) Among the groups granted almost total freedom from the
bonds of social status were the students seeking entry into the
scholar-gentry.
• D) Under the continued influence of neo-Confucian ideology,
Ming society remained rigidly stratified with emphasis on
deference of youth to elders and women to men.
• E) Social roles were more flexible than before.
And the answer is
• D) Under the continued influence of neoConfucian ideology, Ming society remained
rigidly stratified with emphasis on deference of
youth to elders and women to men.
• Which of the following reasons is at least in part responsible
for the peopling of the Yangtze region in the southern part of
China during the Ming era?
• A) the introduction of crops from the Americas that could be
cultivated on inferior soils that did not require irrigation
• B) the enforced migration of remaining Mongols within the
Chinese population to the region of the Yangtze
• C) the abandonment of rice and millet cultivation in the
region in favor of wheat introduced by Portuguese merchants
• D) the opening of the region to settlement from Siam and
Vietnam
• E) the Song left the area open and neglected
And the answer is
• A) the introduction of crops from the Americas
that could be cultivated on inferior soils that did
not require irrigation
• Where were foreigners permitted to do business
in China during the Ming era?
• A) at any port
• B) only at the Ming capital at Beijing
• C) at Macao and Canton
• D) nowhere
• E) at Hong Kong
And the answer is
• C) at Macao and Canton
• Which of the following statements concerning the
Ming economy is most accurate?
• A) Merchants failed to realize profits from the Ming
commercial boom.
• B) Almost all commercial profits were reinvested in
trade.
• C) The Chinese government did not tax trade, thus
did not profit from commercial growth.
• D) Much merchant wealth was invested in land as a
means of social advancement.
• E) European markets became increasingly
important.
And the answer is
• D) Much merchant wealth was invested in land
as a means of social advancement.
• In terms of literature, what was the chief
accomplishment of the Ming era?
• A) poetry
• B) narrative history
• C) the novel
• D) haiku
• E) Journalism
And the answer is
• C) the novel
• During the reign of what Ming emperor did the
Chinese launch commercial expeditions to
Southeast Asia, Persia, and Africa?
• A) Hongwu
• B) Yunglo
• C) Chongzhen
• D) Kangxi
• E) Zheng He
And the answer is
• B) Yunglo
• Why did the Chinese abandon the commercial voyages of
the Zhenghe expeditions?
• A) Many of the ships were lost as a result of poor ship
design and inadequate sailing technology.
• B) The size of the fleets was so limited that they could
not compete with the greater capacity of the European
voyages.
• C) There was little of value for the Chinese to import in
trade, and the voyages were expensive to carry out.
• D) The trade with foreign regions produced a negative
balance of trade for China that drained bullion from
imperial coffers.
• E) Chinese commerce was not competitive enough.
And the answer is
• C) There was little of value for the Chinese to
import in trade, and the voyages were expensive
to carry out.
• In what way did the Jesuit missionaries
maintain their positions at the court of the Ming
emperors?
• A) by converting Yunglo to Christianity
• B) by maintaining a small but powerful
European army in the Chinese capital
• C) by accepting the support of the scholar-gentry
• D) by demonstrating knowledge of scientific and
technological skills
• E) by becoming eunuchs
And the answer is
• D) by demonstrating knowledge of scientific and
technological skills
• What group successfully asserted its control over
China following the collapse of the Ming
dynasty?
• A) the Mongols
• B) the Hsiung-nu
• C) the Jurchens or Manchus
• D) the Portuguese
• E) the Uighurs
And the answer is
• C) the Jurchens or Manchus
•
•
•
•
•
•
What dynasty succeeded the Ming in China?
A) Han
B) Song
C) Qing
D) Chou
E) Manchu
And the answer is
• C) Qing
• Which of the following was NOT one of the
three military centralizers of Japan?
• A) Nobunaga
• B) Hiata Ashikaga
• C) Hirohito
• D) Murasaki
• E) Tojo
And the answer is
• B) Hiata Ashikaga
• In what year was the Tokugawa Shogunate
founded, marking the re-establishment of
central government in Japan?
• A) 1593
• B) 1603
• C) 1633
• D) 1653
• E) 1854
And the answer is
• B) 1603
• Why did the earliest of the Japanese military centralizers
accept Christian missionaries?
• A) His wife was a Christian who was able to exert her
influence throughout his household.
• B) The Portuguese supplied a large army to rulers who
offered to accept Christianity.
• C) Christianity was seen as a counterforce to the
Buddhist orders that opposed the imposition of central
rule.
• D) Prior to his first military victory, Nobunaga saw a
cross in the sky.
• E) He was intimidated by the military might of the
Portuguese.
And the answer is
• C) Christianity was seen as a counterforce to the
Buddhist orders that opposed the imposition of
central rule.
• Which of the following was NOT a policy imposed as a
result of Japanese isolation in the seventeenth century?
• A) Christianity was banned and Christians were
persecuted.
• B) Foreign traders were confined to the island of
Deshima in Nagasaki Bay.
• C) Neo-Confucian philosophy gave way to the influence
of thinkers who championed the school of “National
Learning”.
• D) The Japanese elite abandoned all contact with
Western learning and technological advance.
• E) Western books were banned.
And the answer is
• D) The Japanese elite abandoned all contact
with Western learning and technological
advance.
• Which of the following statements concerning the political
philosophy of the Enlightenment is most accurate?
• A) Enlightenment philosophers were creatures of the
monarchs who were their patrons and supported the powers
of the kings.
• B) Although the Enlightenment philosophers were generally
opposed to the authority of the Church, they argued that only
monarchy could insure stability for the masses.
• C) Enlightenment thinkers challenged regimes that did not
grant full religious freedom or that insisted on aristocratic
privilege.
• D) Enlightenment intellectuals were the firmest supporters of
the Church left in European culture.
• E) Enlightenment figures supported the national regimes
unconditionally.
And the answer is
• C) Enlightenment thinkers challenged regimes
that did not grant full religious freedom or that
insisted on aristocratic privilege.
• Which of the following statements is most accurate?
• A) Western Europe experienced a huge population jump after
about 1730.
• B) Western Europe’s population was devastated by a series of
wars and epidemics at the beginning of the eighteenth
century.
• C) Poverty and poor nutrition led to a stagnation of the
European population until 1840.
• D) The most significant factor in the movement of population
in the eighteenth century was the increased mortality among
children leading to fewer survivors.
• E) Women’s labor became more important to the economy.
And the answer is
• A) Western Europe experienced a huge
population jump after about 1730.
• Above all, population pressure in the eighteenth century
• A) led to wholesale replacement of officeholders among
the elite.
• B) drove many people into the working-class proletariat.
• C) led the business classes to reduce the number of
children in their families.
• D) caused the middle classes to reduce risk-taking.
• E) eased from the fourteenth century forward.
And the answer is
• B) drove many people into the working-class
proletariat.
• Proto-industrialization refers to:
• A) the strictly agricultural economy that preceded the
Industrial Revolution.
• B) the development of the rural factory system.
• C) the employment of laborers who worked at home but
in a capitalist system dependent on urban merchants.
• D) the development of systems of transportation and
communication necessary for full industrialization.
• E) early industries which were partly mechanized
And the answer is
• C) the employment of laborers who worked at
home but in a capitalist system dependent on
urban merchants.
• ) Population upheaval and the spread of a propertyless
working class working for money led to which of the
following developments?
• A) an increase in the authority of the male heads of
households
• B) a general acceptance of authority, whether domestic
or political
• C) a decline in the percentage of illegitimate births
• D) the adoption of more urban styles of dress
• E) lower levels of education
And the answer is
• D) the adoption of more urban styles of dress
• Which of the following was NOT a cause of the American
Revolution?
• A) Britain’s attempts to impose new taxes and trade
controls after 1763
• B) a desire to overthrow the older colonial leadership
• C) the British invasion of the Mississippi River Valley
• D) restriction on free movement into the frontier areas
• E) trade restrictions on colonial industries.
And the answer is
• C) the British invasion of the Mississippi River
Valley
• In what year did the American colonies set up a
new constitutional structure based on
Enlightenment principles?
• A) 1776
• B) 1781
• C) 1783
• D) 1789
• E) 1785
And the answer is
• D) 1789