• Academic
– speaking skill
– Critical thinking
– Writing
– Campus involvement
• Career
– Interview
– On the job
• Personal
– Community engagement
– Confidence in social situations

• Sender
• Receiver
• Frame of Reference
• Message
• Channel
• Noise (internal, external, social, org., physio.)
• Context

• Public Speaking has been taught for thousands of years
• Greece & Rome
– Pub. Speaking played central role in education & civic life
– Aristotle’s Rhetoric still considered most important work on the subject to date!
– What is boxing Plato’s shadow??

•
Strategy
– Adopt a listener-centered mindset
– Abide by the topic choice assigned by instructor
– Meet minimum time
•
Structure
– Use a simple thesis
– Have two main points in the body
•
Support
– Incorporate one simple visual aid
– Use a brief narrative
– Cite research sources
•
Style
– Practice
– Use a conversational tone
– Aim for eye contact with at least half the audience (all of the audience if you want an A!)

• Avoid a performance orientation (adopt a communication orientation)
– Focus on the needs of the audience
– Communicate
– Impart ideas on the audience
• Keep your audience in communicate mode, not performance evaluate mode

• Turn nerves into energy
• Be prepared
• Sleep and eat well
• Avoid caffeine
• Breathe deeply prior to speaking
• Take a walk

• Take note of the Table on the second page of the book…
• Also take note of Table 6.3
– Evaluate your Strategy, Structure, Support &
Style
• Your manual also has self evaluation sheets
• Update your fears and solutions notes!