OR The Empire strikes back….
“Yes my lord, you may start your landing.”

• Portugal gained control of Brazil….set up plantations to grow “income crops” of sugarcane, tobacco, coffee and cotton
• Spain sends out men called Conquistadors
• “To serve God and his Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and grow rich as men do”
• 1519 Cortes conquerors the entire million person Aztec Empire of Empire with 600 men, 16 horses and a few cannons!
• (ADD: with HUGE help of smallpox disease and some friendly tribes of @ a thousand native warriors who were tired of human sacrificial rites…)
• (Aztec leader Montezuma II thought Cortes MAY be their GOD
Quetzalcoatl returning from the east.) Offered Spanish gold which only made them want more! Treated him as a visiting lord to be safe…
• Cortes than killed the leader and destroyed an Aztec army in their capital
Tenochtitlan. Thus conquering what is now modern day Mexico.

• Conquistador Francisco Pizarro, invaded the Inca
Empire in South America (present day Peru) and massacred thousands of Inca as he too demanded gold.
• Spain had two main goals in these conquests:
Acquire the wealth and convert the Natives to
Christianity.
• Founded settlements called missions and set up plantations
• Spanish priests came in and forcibly converted the Native populations

Although the French did not have many explorers in early times some of the most notables ones were:
Jacques Cartier-he sailed up the St. Lawrence River to the site of the present day city of Montreal.
He claimed much of eastern Canada for France.
Samuel Champlain- founded Quebec, the first permanent French settlement in the Americas.

John Cabot explored the coast of present day
Newfoundland.
During the 1600s, like the French, English also founded settlements in the Americas.
On West Indian Islands, such as Jamaica, they introduced sugarcane
Jamestown was founded in 1607 in present day Virginia in 1620 devout Protestants, calling themselves Pilgrims, sought religious freedom by establishing Plymouth in present day Massachusetts. (This is where the
Mayflower Compact was established)

• Unfortunately, in the 1600s European territories in the Americas based their economies on agricultural products that required intensive labor. Therefore, enslaved
Africans planted and harvested sugar, tobacco, and coffee crops. Some even worked in silver mines. http://www.nmm.ac.uk/freedom/viewTheme.cfm/t heme/triangular

This slave trade became part of what is known as the triangular trade.
Ships sailed the legs of a triangle formed by
Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Typically, European ships left their home ports in
Europe carrying manufactured goods. In West
Africa ship captains traded their goods with local rulers for enslaved people, most of whom were war captives.

An enslaved person’s journey from the west coast of Africa to the Americas was a ghastly ordeal called the Middle Passage.
This middle leg of the triangular trade originated from ports along a 3,000 mile stretch on the west coast of Africa.
Captured by other Africans, enslaved Africans were sold to European slave traders along the coast for transport to American plantations.

Because large cargoes brought large profits, the slave traders packed the captives as tightly as possible.
Below deck, each African occupied a space only
4 or 5 feet long and 2 or 3 feet high.
Chained together, they could neither stand nor lie at full length.
In the darkness and stifling heat, many Africans suffocated or died of disease.

Estimates of the number of enslaved Africans brought to America range from 10 to 24 million.
One in five who began the trip did not survive it.

Africans who survived the long Middle Passage faced another terror when they arrived in American ports: the slave auction.
Examined by plantation owners, most Africans were sold to work as laborers-clearing land, planting, and harvesting.
The work was hard, the hours long, and life expectancy short.
Because Europeans believed that Africans were physically suited to hard labor, especially in hot, humid climates, enslaved people were viewed as nothing more than a unit of labor to exploit for profit

rd
• GOODS LIKE COTTON, coffee, SUGAR AND
TOBACCO which the slaves raised on American plantations was then sent back to Europe
• The ships were unloaded of their crops and then reloaded with manufactured goods which were again traded in Africa for a new round of slaves.

• JOINT STOCK COMPANIES: organization that sold stock (or shares) allowing investors to share in profits and risk in a venture!
• Entrepreneurs: individuals who combine ideas, money and raw materials in order to invest and start a business.
• Mercantilism: countries control the foreign trade of lands they conquer and colonize. A state’s power depends upon it’s wealth.

• Cortes: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MN8FXcuNmco
• Aztec warrior: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7MvBf3mFLI
• Pizzarro:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKeB82retLs
• Triangle Trade: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alfs2-hsoNU

In your table groups OR SOLO: create 10 question
Smack down reviewing Key Topics from sections 1n2 that may come up on quiz…
Also Create an Image that could represent something from this section
Last>>> Survey your group and name the discovery/OR Event from sections 1 &2 that had the most IMPACT on history and in 1-3 sentences explain why you chose that …(give me some “because” reasons…

• In groups appoint a writer and a presenter and create a Mega Web of 15 PLUS details covering key info from Section 2…
• 1 st question to answer as a group is what will call the center of the web???