Air Quality and Climate
Change Challenges in
California and the Bay
Area
Jack P. Broadbent
Executive Officer/Air Pollution Control Officer
Presentation to the
Power Association of Northern California (PANC)
City Club of San Francisco
March 17, 2015
1
Bay Area Air Quality
Management District (BAAQMD)
 Established in 1955
 100+ cities
 7 million people
 5 million vehicles
 Mission: To protect and
improve public health, air
quality, and the global climate
Mission Statement
Vision
A healthy breathing environment for every Bay
Area resident.
Mission
To protect and improve public health, air quality,
and the global climate.
Summary of Ozone Seasons
(April through October)
Year
National
8-Hour
State
1-Hour
State
8-Hour
2011
4
5
10
2012
4
3
8
2013
3
3
3
2014
5
3
10
Spare the Air Alerts: 5/12, 5/13, 5/14, 6/8, 6/9, 7/25, 8/1, 9/11, 9/12, 10/3
Days > 0.075 ppm 8-hour NAAQS: 4/30, 5/1, 5/14, 10/4, 10/5
Ozone Exceedance Trends 1968 to
Present
100
Days Exceeding the Ozone Standard
90
80
Number of Days Exceeding the National 8-hour Standard (0.075ppm)
3-Yr Running 8-Hour Average
Number of Days
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Year
Winter PM2.5 Seasons
(November through February)
Year
Days > 35
µg/m3
Winter Spare
the Air Alerts
2011/2012
11
15
2012/2013
1
10
2013/2014
15
30
2014/2015
6
23
•
Spare the Air Alert Called for: 11/9, 11/25, 11/26, 11/27, 12/28, 12/29, 1/2, 1/3,
1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/7, 1/8, 1/9, 1/10, 1/11, 1/12, 1/15, 1/16, 1/17, 1/24, 1/25, 2/3
•
Days > 35 µg/m3 24-hr NAAQS: 1/3, 1/6, 1/8, 1/14, 1/15, 1/16
PM2.5 Exceedance Trends 2000 to
Present
30
Days Exceeding the PM 2.5 Standard
25
Number of Days Exceeding the National 24-Hour Standard (35 ug/m3)
3-Yr Running 24-Hour
Number of Days
20
15
10
5
0
Year
Disproportionately Impacted
Communities
Air Quality in the Bay Area
Current Perspective
 Much progress has been made
 Still need to drive down emission to achieve
State / Federal standards
 Strong public support for reducing emissions
from major sources
 Strong support for GHG reductions
Tools
Regulations
Incentives
Education and Outreach
Recent Key Efforts
 Commuter Benefits Program
 Implementation of AB 32 Programs
 Cement, Metal Melting Operations
Current Rulemaking Efforts
 Refinery Emissions Tracking and Mitigation
 Refinery Emissions Reduction Strategy
 20% reduction in emissions by 2020
 Additional 20% reduction in health risk by 2020
Multiple Amendments for Refinery
Operations
Date
Reg.-Rule
Description
Pollutant
3/92, 1/98,
11/02, 1/04
8-18
Equipment leaks at refineries
ROG
3/92
8-22, 8-25
Leaks from valves and flanges
ROG
1/93, 12/99,
10/06
8-5
Storage tanks
ROG
1/94, 12/10,
10/13
9-10
Boilers, steam generators, process heaters
NOX
12/97, 3/98,
12/05
8-28
Leaks from pressure relief valves
ROG
6/03
12-11
Refinery flare monitoring
1/04
8-10
Process vessel depressurization
ROG
9/04
8-8
Refinery wastewater separators
ROG
7/05, 4/06
12-12
Refinery flares
12/05
8-44
Marine loading operations
7/07
9-8
Stationary internal combustion engines
4/09
8-33, 8-39
4/12
8-53
All
All
ROG
NOx, PM
Gasoline bulk terminals
ROG
Vacuum trucks
ROG
Regulation 12-15 and 12-16
 Regulation 12, Rule 15: Petroleum Refining Emissions
Tracking
 Upgraded reporting of air pollutants, including GHG
 Report crude oil characteristics
 Updated refinery-wide Health Risk Assessments
 Enhanced fence line and community air monitoring
 Regulation 12, Rule 16, Petroleum Refining Emissions
Analysis, Thresholds and Mitigation
 Causal analysis if emissions increase significantly above
baseline
 Mitigation plan to reduce emissions to levels consistent
with baseline within two years
Back-Up Generator Rule (BUG)
 6,700 back-up generators permitted in the Air
District
 40% of these predate EPA emissions standards
 A subset of these older, dirtier engines pose
potential health risks due to nearby sensitive
receptors
 Upcoming rule will impose PM emissions controls on
older engines near sensitive receptors
 Expected reduction of black carbon will help protect
climate
Current Rules Directed at Power
Generation
Regulation 9, Rule 9: Nitrogen Oxides and Carbon
Monoxide from Stationary Gas Turbines
GHG Emission Reduction Efforts
Two region-wide GHG reduction planning efforts:
1. Air District’s Regional Climate Protection Strategy
• Air District’s regional goal - reduce Bay Area GHG emissions 80%
below 1990 levels by 2050
• Framework for how the Air District will lead the region in making
progress toward this goal
• Included in Air District’s 2015
Clean Air Plan
GHG Reduction Efforts
2. Plan Bay Area – prepared by
regional partners MTC & ABAG
• Collaborative effort to reduce GHG
emissions from light duty vehicles
• Required by state legislation (SB
375), integrates land use/housing
and transportation planning
All other sources
69%
59 MMT CO2e
Passenger
Cars/Light Trucks
31%
26.6 MMT CO2e
Total Bay Area GHG Emissions 2011: 86 MMT/year
• GHG reduction targets: 7% per capita by 2020; 15% per capita by
2035
• Adopted in 2013; next update underway for 2016-217
Getting to 2050
• Requires
transformational change
that must occur at the
national, state, regional
and local levels
• How will the Bay Area Air
District complement the
State of California’s
actions in meeting this
target?
California’s Path to 2050
Regional Climate Protection
Strategy
Key elements of the Strategy:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Background on climate action planning
Climate change impacts to the Bay Area
Regional GHG inventory & projections
Economic sector GHG analyses
Strategies & actions moving forward
Integration with strategies to reduce air pollution
What is the best role for the Air
District?
Economic GHG Sector Analysis
The heart of the Strategy will assess GHG emissions in nine
economic sectors:
• Agriculture
• Natural & Working
Lands
• Energy
• Transportation
• Stationary Sources
• Short-lived Climate
Pollutants
• Green Buildings
• Water
• Waste
Through a sector-by-sector analysis of:
• Major GHG sources & trends
• Analysis of federal, state, regional, and local GHG reduction policies
• GHG reduction priorities and strategic opportunities for the Air
District
• Best role and value added by the Air District
Incentives for Electric Vehicles and
Charging Stations
 Vehicles For Public Agencies (Available Now):
o $2,500 for light-duty electric and hydrogen fuel cell
(H2) vehicles, and zero emissions motorcycles;
o $1,000 for light-duty plug-in hybrids and $500 for
neighborhood electric vehicles
 Charging Stations (scheduled to open mid-May 2015)
o Level 2, Level 1, and DC Fast chargers at key
destination sites, workplaces, multi-unit dwellings,
and along major transportation corridors
 Electric and H2 light-duty fleets and heavy-duty vehicles
(scheduled to open by July 2015)
PG&E Application
 PG&E has applied to the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC)
for permission to build in its Northern and Central California service
territory:
o ~25,000 Level 2 electric vehicle chargers (at multi-family dwellings,
retail centers, and workplaces)
o ~ 100 DC Fast Chargers (in metropolitan areas)
 Cost would be “shared” by all electric customers (PG&E estimates that a
typical residential customer would pay about 70 cents more per month
over the period 2018 to 2022.)
 CPUC is currently reviewing 2 similar proposals(from SDGE and SCE)
and is expected to make a determination on those in late 2015. CPUC is
NOT expected to begin rulemaking on PG&E’s application until 2016.
Spare the Air
Winter Spare the Air Results
 30% of Bay Area households reduced their wood burning
 Support for the Wood Burning Rule remains strong and
consistent over the past three seasons at 75%.
Summer Spare the Air Results
 DECREASE in the number of motorists driving alone in their car
o 2012 = 55.1%
o 2013 = 52.7%
o 2014 = 49.7%
 INCREASE in the number of motorists who carpool
o 2012 = 20.7%
o 2013 = 20.8%
o 2014 = 25.9%
Summary Perspective
• Air District’s Spare the Air programs continue to
demonstrate results – key component of clean air
strategy
• Continue multi-faceted approach toward achieving
clean air goals through a combination of regulations,
outreach, incentives, guidance & tools, and collaborations
• Climate change continues to be a significant and
growing focus of our clean air strategy in the Bay Area
Climate Rulemaking
Rules that address various GHG emissions:
 Regulation 3, Schedule T: Greenhouse Gas Fee
 Regulation 9, Rule 7: Nitrogen Oxides & Carbon Monoxide
from Industrial, Institutional & Commercial Boilers, Steam
Generators & Process Heaters
 Regulation 12, Rule 7: Motor Vehicle Air Conditioner
Refrigerants
 Regulation 12, Rule 11: Flare Monitoring
Climate Rulemaking
Regulation 8 Rules that reduce Methane:
 Rule 10: Process Vessel Depressurization
 Rule 18: Equipment Leaks
 Rule 28: Episodic Releases from Pressure Relief Devices at
Petroleum Refineries & Chemical Plants
 Rule 34: Solid Waste Disposal Sites
 Rule 37: Natural Gas & Crude Oil facilities
 Rule 44: Marine Vessel Loading Terminals
 Rule 53: Vacuum Truck Operations
Questions?
Contact information
Jack P. Broadbent
jbroadbent@baaqmd.gov
415-749-5052