Some additional words
about cloud computing
Lionel Brunie
National Institute of Applied Science (INSA)
LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team – UMR CNRS 5205
Lyon, France
http://liris.cnrs.fr/lionel.brunie
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
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What’s a Cloud ?
"A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of
a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers that are
dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified
computing resources based on service-level agreements
established through negotiation between the service provider and
consumers” (Buyya et al.)
“A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by
economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized,
dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage,
platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external
customers over the Internet” (Foster et al.)
Start point: October/November 2007 - IBM Blue Cloud
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
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Types of clouds
Public clouds (or external clouds)
 resources are dynamically provisioned on a fine-grained, self-
service basis over the Internet, via Web applications or Web
services.
 the cloud is hosted, operated, and managed by a third-party
vendor from one or more data/computing centers
 organizations/customers lease shared resources from public
clouds, effectively becoming infrastructure tenants rather than
owners
 computing becomes a public utility
Private clouds (or internal clouds) emulate cloud computing
on private networks
Hybrid clouds merge multiple internal and/or external clouds
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
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IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 provides computing environments/infrastructure i.e., hardware, software
 the provisioned infrastructure can dynamically scale up and down depending
on the actual needs
 Amazon EC2 and S3
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 high-level integrated environment to build and deploy applications
 restrictions on the type of applications
 but scalable platform
 Google’s App Engine for deploying Web applications
Software as a Service (SaaS)
 delivers software to consumers through the Internet
 Salesforce: online CRM (Customer Relationship Management) Services ;
Live Mesh from Microsoft: files and folders synchronization
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
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Other XaaS offerings
Storage as a Service
Data(base) as a Service (DaaS)
Process as a Service - Business Process as a Service
Network as a Service (NaaS)
Integration as a Service
Security as a Service - Identity as a Service
Testing as a Service
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
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Visit of a Cloud vendor web site
http://www.ibm.com/ibm/cloud/
« Values to customers include:
Reducing
IT management complexity and skill
requirements
Sharing resources among multiple applications
Accelerating application launches
Supporting both existing and emerging, data-intensive
workloads
»
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
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Characteristics
From the customer point of view:
Scalability
Reliability
Flexibility
Cost
Security and Privacy
Performance
Ubiquitous and fast access
Quality of Service
Service Level Agreement
Pricing system
Simple to use
From the internal point of view
Virtualization
« Grid » management
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
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Comparison of some cloud platforms
From Foster et al.
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Example: Amazon EC2/S3
Compute Cloud EC2 (Elastic Cloud Computing)
 pricing: http://aws.amazon.com/fr/ec2/pricing//185-8840065-1558013/
 « private » virtualized servers (« instances ») of different types
 example: High-CPU Extra Large Instance
 7 GB of memory
 20 EC2 Compute Units
 1690 GB Storage
 Pricing on a per hour basis for each instance type: from $0.085/hour for the small
standard "On-Demand" virtual machine running Linux to 29x more for the largest
one running Windows (Jan. 2011). The data transfer charge ranges from $0.08 to
$0.15 per gigabyte, depending on the volume
Data Cloud S3 (Simple Storage Service)
 pricing: http://aws.amazon.com/fr/s3/pricing/
 from $0.055 to $0.14 per GB-month (standard storage), + bandwidth usage (from $0.05
to 0.12 per GB – EU price) + requests (from $0.001 to $0.01 per 1000 requests)
 556 stored billion objects (Oct. 2011) (Marc 2010: 102 billion objects)
 data transfer is charged by TB / month data transfer, depending on the source and
target of such transfer.
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
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Example : Microsoft Azure Fabric
Type d’instance
Processeur
Mémoire
Stockage
Performance I/O
Petite
1.6 GHz
1.75 Go
225 Go
Moyenne
Moyenne
2 x 1.6 GHz
3.5 Go
490 Go
Élevée
Grande
4 x 1.6 GHz
7 Go
1 To
Élevée
« Extra » grande
8 x 1.6 GHz
14 Go
2.04 To
Élevée
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
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Microsoft Azure SLA
Compute :
 connection
to
the
« Compute » service >
99,95%
 Web and Worker roles >
99,9%
 note : service interruption
 interruption > 5 mn
Storage
«
failed » transactions
(error rate) < 0,1%
 credit = 10%
if 0,1% <= error rate < 1%
Credit = 25%
if error rate >= 1%
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
1. “Failed Storage Transactions” include any of the following transactions that
are also included in Total Storage Transactions:
a. Transactions not processed within the time period specified below:
Request Type

Maximum Processing Time*
Must complete within the product of
2 seconds multiplied by the number
of MBs transferred in processing the
request

PutBlob and GetBlob
(includes blocks and pages)
Get Valid Page Blob Ranges

Copy Blob
Must complete processing within 90
seconds


PutBlockList
GetBlockList
Must complete processing within 60
seconds


Table Query
List Operations
Must complete processing or return a
continuation within 10 seconds

Batch Table Operations
Must complete processing within 30
seconds

All Single Entity Table
Operations
All other Blob and Message
Operations
Must complete processing within 2
seconds

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Windows Azure: pricing (1st sem 2012)
Windows Azure
Traitement
Tarif
unitaire
24h/24 pendant un mois
(30 j.)
24h/24 pendant un an
(365 j.)
Petite instance(1) (par défaut)
0,0852 €/h
61.344 €
746.352 €
Instance moyenne(1)
0,1703 €/h
122.616 €
1491.828 €
Grande instance(1)
0,3405 €/h
246.16 €
2982.78 €
Instance « extra » grande(1)
0,6809 €/h
490.248 €
5964.684 €
Stockage
Espace de stockage
0,0993 €/Go stocké/mois
Transaction
0,0071 €/10 000 transaction de stockage
Content Delivery Network (CDN)
Transfert depuis Europe/Am.
du nord
0,1064 €/Go de données transférées
Transfert depuis une autre
région
0,1419 €/Go de données transférées
Transactions
0,0071 €/10 000 transactions
http://www.microsoft.com/france/windows-azure/Offres/tarification.aspx
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
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SQL Azure: pricing (1st sem 2012)
SQL Azure
Web edition
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 1 Go
7,085 €/mois l’unité
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 5 Go
35,425 €/mois l’unité
Business edition
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 10 Go
70,913 €/mois l’unité
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 20 Go
141,826 €/mois l’unité
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 30 Go
212,739 €/mois l’unité
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 40 Go
283,652 €/mois l’unité
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 50 Go
354,565 €/mois l’unité
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
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Windows Azure Platform AppFabric: pricing (1st sem 2012)
Appfabric
Contrôle d’accès
1,4114 €/100 000 transactions
Bus de service
Connexion à l’unité (en “pay as you go”)
2,8298 €/connexion
Pack de 5 connexions
7,0566 €
Pack de 25 connexions
35,2827 €
Pack de 100 connexions
141,1308 €
Pack de 500 connexions
705,654 €
Transfert de données
Europe et Amérique du nord
Entrant
Gratuit (2010 : 0,071 €/Go)
Sortant
0,1064 €/Go
Asie/Pacifique
Entrant
Gratuit (2010 : 0,2128 €/Go)
Sortant
0,1419 €/Go (2010 : 0,3192 €/Go)
See also offers: http://www.windowsazure.com/fr-fr/offers/ms-azr-0003p
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
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Comparison of 3 cloud service offerings
(1st sem. 2010)
Instances a la demande
Instances réservées
Transfert
de
données
Offre
Linux
Amazon EC2
Google
Microsoft
Stockage
0.095~
2.68$/h
Windows
Linux
Windows
0.12~
2.88$/h
0.04~1.12$/h
ou
115~6370$/an
0.06~1.38$/h
ou
115~6370$/an
0,10$/CPU-heure
0,12$/h
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
Espace
de
stoc
kage
Requêtes
Entrant :
0.10$/G
Sortant:
0.08~0.15$/
Go
0.11~0.15
$/Go
mensuel
~0.11$/
million
de requêtes
Entrant :
0.10$/Go,
Sortant:
0.12$/Go
0.15$/Go
mensuel
Entrant :
0,10$/Go,
Sortant :
0,15$/Go
0,15$/Go
mensuel
Monitoring
Load
balancing
0.015$/
instanceheure
0.028$/
Répartiteur
-heure
0,01$/ 10k
requêtes
15
Cloud Market
Gartner:
 identifies the Cloud as one of the four trends that will change IT and the economy
in the next 10 years
(http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1470115)
 predicts that the value of Cloud Computing will surge to 150.1 billion dollars by
2013
 expects SaaS demand to continue to growth to a total of more than 14 billion
dollars by 2013
IDC [BBE10]:
 the market for private enterprise Cloud servers will grow from an $8.4 billion
opportunity in 2010, to a $12.6 billion market in 2014
 SaaS revenue will grow five times more than traditional software
 by 2014, about 34% of all new business software purchases will be consumed via
SaaS.
Steve Ballmer (Microsoft's CEO) (March 2010):
 about 75% (90% in a year) of Microsoft customers are doing entirely cloud based
or entirely cloud inspired
Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA):
 33% among all European organizations are using cloud computing systems
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
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PaaS types
Pourcentage
Serveur d'applications
SGBD
Enveloppe applicative
BPM
Autres
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Some cloud clients
"FedEx, State Street Bank, Northrop Grumman and multiple U.S. Government agencies."
Toyota, Whirlpool, ESPN, UPS, Philips, …
Parallels, CapitalSource bank, aspire, …
spongecell, zendesk,…
CA Lyon, Société Générale, Virgin Mobile, webster, …
BestBuy, Ubisoft, …
Deutsche Bank, Ernst & Young, Honda, Heineken, Allianz
Best Buy, Flightcaster, Shopify,…
Stora enso, Mondi paper, SCA, Sandvik Steel, Lindel, Nynas
simco electronics, media news group, NES, US Data corporation,…
CBS Outdoor, San Francisco courts, Washington state, Victorinox, Primagas, …
3M, Siemens, City of Miami, GoGrid,…
AIG, AMD, Mastercard, Vodafone, …
national geomatica, CI privés, africa inland mission
Dell, Häagen-Dazs, AOL, Canon, …
sitemasher, D3 security, piranha games, …
Delta airlines, FedEx, Vodafone, Pirelli, …
SEDS, ecounting, head start, dfg, …
pixar, sony, harvard, unesco, …
Master course 2011-2012 - 18/03/2016
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A market oriented vision
of a cloud based IT world
From Buyya et al.
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