14,100
7,220,000
“It would take an elephant, balanced on
a pencil, to break through a sheet of
graphene the thickness of Saran Wrap.”
NSF-funded researchers Richard
Smalley, Robert Curl (both of Rice
http://nanularity.com/default.aspx
University) and Harry Kroto
(University of Sussex, UK; non-NSF
funded) shared the 1996 Nobel
Prize in Chemistry for the discovery
of "buckminsterfullerene." James
yHeath, then a graduate student at
a1
Rice and now a faculty member at
a2
UCLA,
also played a key role.
x
Single-Walled Carbon
Nanotubes
Real time
Nanotube length = 10 mm
Size Matters
Bulk Gold = Yellow
Nanogold = Red
Types of Nanomaterials
Gold nanoshell
Why is it so exciting?

Human Health

Gold nanoshells for
cancer therapy
Live (green)/Dead (red) assays shows where
immunotarged gold nanoshells and a near
infrared laser destroyed prostate cancer cells

Environmental Health

Nanorust to clean
drinking water
• http://science.discovery.com/videos/brinkpackage-nano-water.html
Optical vs. Electron Microscopy
Radiolarian (amoeboid protozoa)
Optical microscopy image
Electron microscopy image
Why do electron beams give superior resolution to
light rays?
Shorter wavelength!
Timeline of Microscopy
c. 1625
1938
SEM AFM
1981 1986
http://www.nobel.se/physics/educational/microscopes/powerline/index.html
STM: Manipulating Atoms
Iron atoms on Copper surface
http://www.almaden.ibm.com/vis/stm/library.html#ref2 l
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Nobel Laureates (1986) Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig
http://www.nobel.se/physics/educational/microscopes/scanning/index.html
http://www.almaden.ibm.com/vis/stm/library.html#ref2 l
http://www.almaden.ibm.com/vis/stm/library.html#ref2 l
http://www.almaden.ibm.com/vis/stm/library.html#ref2 l
http://www.nanotech-now.com/images/Art_Gallery/ASAFM.jpg
What is Nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices,
and systems through control of matter on the nanometer length
scale, exploiting novel phenomena and properties (physical,
chemical, biological) present only at that length scale.
“If I were asked for an area of science and engineering that will most likely
produce the breakthroughs of tomorrow, I would point to nanoscale science and
engineering.”
Neal Lane
University Professor, Rice University
Former NSF Director
Assistant to President Clinton for Science and Technology
http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/189?gclid=CJnCjsCu
xJ0CFSENDQodDmMxrQ
Scanning Electron Microscopy
http://mse.iastate.edu/microscopy/whatsem.html
http://mse.iastate.edu/microscopy/path2.html
http://www.mos.org/sln/sem/seminfo.html
Transmission Electron Microscopy
(magnifies up to 50 million times [HRTEM])
http://www.nobel.se/physics/educational/microscopes/tem/index.html
CdSe quantum dot, Colvin
Trina Mandel and the TEM
300 nm
Hollow colloidal ellipses, Colvin