Harlem Renaissance Renaissance=rebirth Harlem=a location in NYC that was/is primarily populated by African Americans 1919-early 1930’s Large movement of African Americans from the south to the industrialized north and fleeing from violence of the south. Black people began to celebrate their heritage: explosion of African American art, music and literature. The migration of southern Blacks to the north changed the image of the African-American from rural, undereducated peasants to one of urban, cosmopolitan sophistication. This new identity led to a greater social consciousness, and African-Americans became players on the world stage, expanding intellectual and social contacts internationally. (Wikipedia) Birth of Jazz The “Roaring 20’s” opened the door for the African Americans because of a general idea of “liberalism” that was felt among the women. The women’s movement and African American freedoms often go hand in hand. (Cotton Club, The Apollo Theater, Harlem Globetrotters) Novels Arna Bontemps — God Sends Sunday (1931), Black Thunder (1936) Countee Cullen — One Way to Heaven (1932) Jessie Redmon Fauset — There is Confusion (1924), Plum Bun (1928), The Chinaberry Tree (1931), Comedy, American Style (1933) Rudolph Fisher — The Walls of Jericho (1928), The Conjure-Man Dies (1932) Langston Hughes — Not Without Laughter (1930) Zora Neale Hurston — Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934), Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) Nella Larsen — Quicksand (1928), Passing (1929) Claude McKay — Home to Harlem (1927), Banjo (1929), Gingertown (1931), Banana Bottom (1933) George Schuyler — Black No More (1931), Slaves Today (1931) Wallace Thurman — The Blacker the Berry (1929), Infants of the Spring (1932), Interne (1932) Jean Toomer — Cane (1923) Carl Van Vechten — Nigger Heaven (1926) Walter White — The Fire in the Flint (1924), Flight (1926) [edit] Short Story Collections Eric Walrond — Tropic Death (1926) [edit] Drama Joseph Seamon Cotter, Jr., author of the play, On the Fields of France. Charles Gilpin, actor Angelina Weld Grimke, author of the drama, Rachel Langston Hughes, Mulatto, produced on Broadway. Hughes also helped to found the Harlem Suitcase Theater Zora Neale Hurston, author of the play Color Struck Georgia Douglas Johnson, author of the play, Plumes, A Tragedy. John Matheus, author of the play, 'Cruiter. Richard Bruce Nugent, author of the play, Sahdji, an African Ballet. Paul Robeson, actor Eulalie Spence, author of the play, Undertow. [edit] Poetry Lewis Grandison Alexander, poet Gwendolyn Bennett, poet Arna Bontemps, poet Sterling A. Brown, poet Lillian Byrnes, poet Joyce Sims Carrington, poet Ethel M. Caution, poet Anita Scott Coleman, poet Joseph Seamon Cotter, Jr., poet Mae V. Cowdery, poet Countee Cullen, poet — The Black Christ and Other Poems (1929) Clarissa Scott Delany, poet Blanche Taylor Dickinson, poet Ruth G. Dixon, poet Alice Dunbar-Nelson, poet and fiction writer Jessie Redmon Fauset, editor, poet, essayist and novelist Angelina Weld Grimke, poet and dramatist Gladys May Casely Hayford, poet Virginia A. Houston, poet Langston Hughes, poet, fictionwriter, essayist, dramatist, autobiographer, editor Mary Jenness, poet Georgia Douglas Johnson, poet Helene Johnson, poet James Weldon Johnson, poet, God's Trombones Rosalie M. Jonas, poet Dorothy Kruger, poet Aqua Laluah, poet Elma Ehrlich Levinger, poet Marjorie Marshall, poet Dorothea Mathews, poet Bessie Mayle, poet Claude McKay, poet and novelist May Miller, poet and playwright Isabel Neill, poet Effie Lee Newsome, poet Richard Bruce Nugent, poet Esther Popel, poet Anne Spencer, poet Margaret L. Thomas, poet Eloise Bibb Thompson, poet Jean Toomer, poet and novelist Eda Lou Walton, poet Lucy Ariel Williams, poet Octavia Beatrice [edit] Leading intellectuals William Stanley Braithwaite Marion Vera Cuthbert W. E. B. Du Bois Marcus Garvey Hubert Harrison Leslie Pinckney Hill [edit] Visual artists Charles Alston Henry Bannarn Romare Bearden Leslie Bolling, Wood carvings Beauford Delaney Aaron Douglas Wynbush, poet Kathleen Tankersley Young, poet James Weldon Johnson Charles Spurgeon Johnson S. J. Joyce Alain Locke Mary White Ovington Chandler Owen A. Philip Randolph Joel Augustus Rogers Arthur Schomburg Carl Van Vechten Walter White Palmer Hayden Paul Heath Sargent Johnson William H. Johnson, Painter Lois Mailou Jones Jacob Lawrence Norman Lewis, Artist Archibald Motley Augusta Savage Prentiss Taylor [edit] Popular entertainment Cotton Club Apollo Theater Black Swan Records Small's Paradise Connie's Inn Harlem Globetrotters Speakeasies Rent party Savoy Ballroom [edit] Musicians/Composers Marian Anderson Lil Armstrong Louis Armstrong Ivie Anderson Josephine Baker Count Basie Eubie Blake Lucille Bogan George Bueno Cab Calloway The King Cole Trio Roland Hayes Fletcher Henderson Earl "Fatha" Hines Billie Holiday Lena Horne Charlie Johnson James P. Johnson Lonnie Johnson Moms Mabley Pigmeat Markham The Will Mastin Trio The Nicholas Brothers Ma Rainey Nora Douglas Holt Ray Bill Robinson Cecil Scott Noble Sissle Bessie Smith Mamie Smith Victoria Spivey William Still Billy Strayhorn The Chocolate Dandies The Dandridge Sisters Duke Ellington Ella Fitzgerald Dizzy Gillespie McKinney's Cotton Pickers Nina Mae McKinney Thelonious Monk Mantan Moreland Jelly Roll Morton Fats Waller Ethel Waters Chick Webb Bert Williams Fess Williams