NAME__________________________
Class_____________________________
Using this book:
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This topic will take you 3 lessons and 3 homework tasks to complete.
There is a checklist on page 2.
For each learning objective there are notes, activities and exam hints.
There are also quick fire questions for to complete and your teacher to check.
You should look over the work after the lesson to recap what you have done.
Teacher check: Ask your teacher to check your work. They will tick it and may
leave a comment.
1
Learning Objectives
I have looked
at it

I have revised
it well

I really know it

To know how I am marked on Spelling, Punctuation and
Grammar on all the papers.
To know what sustainable means.
I can explain the Social, economic and political causes
of the growth in tourism.
I can identify and describe a variety of physical and
human attractions.
I can define different types of holiday.
I can explain resort development in relation to the
butler model.
I can explain the impacts of tourism on a LIC
I can explain the impacts of tourism on an HIC
I can explain how an eco-tourist destination can benefit
the local community and protect the environment.
LO: To know how I am marked on Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar on all the papers.
In your exams, you will also be assessed on SPaG (spelling, punctuation and
grammar). These are usually awarded in the longer answers (4-6 marks). In unit 1
there are 4 marks available and units 2+3 there are 3 marks available. This could be
the difference between a grade! Make sure you have read and understood the mark
scheme below.
2
LO: To know what sustainable means.
Sustainable development means meeting the needs of today without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
We can think of it as a stool. A stool needs 3 legs to stay up. Sustainability has three
strands. If one of the strands doesn’t exist, the stool falls over. It is not sustainable.
The economy should
grown and continue
to grow in the future.
The environment
should be protected
Should benefit people
now and in the future
Learn the definition off by heart. Then ask someone to test you.
1) Are the activities below sustainable? Tick yes or no.
Yes
Chopping down rainforests for toilet roll.
Planting a tree for every tree we chop down
Burning coal to create electricity.
Asking locals to teach tourists their local way of life.
3
No
LO: I can explain the Social, economic and political causes of the growth in tourism.
Tourism is one of the fasted growing industries in the world. You need to know, and
explain, the SOCIAL, ECONOMIC and POLITICAL reasons for this growth.
Social = to do with people
Economic = to do with money
Political = Laws and agreements between countries or the relationship between
countries/areas within countries.
Social
POINT
More holiday
entitlement from
work.
People can retire
early
EVIDENCE
Since 2009 = 28 days
/year.
EXPLAIN
More leisure time to go on
holiday.
15 million people have
retired early this year.
Development in IT
and communication
Websites such as last
minute.com and easy
jet have been created.
E.g. Discover Thailand
campaign.
1960s = 50 hour week.
People can spend time
holidaying while they are
younger.
Easier to book tailored
holidays online.
Shorter working
week
Economic
Political
Now = 9-5pm Mon-Fri =
35-40 hour week.
Ageing population
10 million people in the
UK are over 65.
Customer needs and Development of
expectations.
package holidays and
no thrills airlines e.g.
easy jet.
People have more
E.g. the minimum wage
disposable income
is now £6.19. The
average salary of the
UK is £25,500. Family
sizes are smaller.
Transport
The airbus 380 holds
improvement
850 people reducing
the cost per passenger.
E.g. Australia in 24
hours.
Border controls
Tourists from the EU
can move freely within
EU countries without a
visa.
4
TV and the Internet make
places desirable.
More leisure time to be a
tourist.
More retired people who have
more time to travel.
People want different things
so companies develop new
ideas to encourage tourism.
This means people have more
money to spend on luxuries
such as holidays.
Better technology means that
is quicker and cheaper to get
to faraway places.
By relaxing border controls,
people can travel easily and
freely.
Look at the answers below which was written in response to the question
‘Explain why tourism has increased in the last 50 years’
Choose three colours.
1) Colour 1 = where they have identified a point
2) Colour 2 = Where they have used evidence.
3) Colour 3 = Where they have explained.
People have more money because f the minimum wage. They have more leisure time. There is a
lot better technology now like the airbus 380.
What is the answer above missing?
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Now, rewrite the answer to get 4/4. You should cover three points, explain them and
use evidence for each.
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1
)
2
)
5
Describe the changes shown in
the graph. Remember to
describe the overall trend, any
anomalies to this and to use
data!
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I can identify and describe a variety of physical and human attractions.
You need to know that there are a range of physical and human attractions in
an area. Physical are things that are there naturally. Human attractions are
things that humans have made.
Human
Cultural Heritage – museums, galleries,
temple, festivals, archaeological sites.
Accommodation – hotels, lodges, chalets,
tents.
Local cuisine – food and restaurants
Recreational facilities – Parks, golf
courses.
Access – Transport connections, roads,
ferries etc.
Physical
Climate – snow/sun
Wildlife – animals, plants, trees etc.
Scenery – Attractive, spectacular.
Protected areas – national parks and
nature reserves.
Beaches – Clean sand, surf, safe
swimming.
The questions associated with this LO usually involve you looking at a photo and
describing the attractions that you can see. Make sure you read the question and
only identify those it asks for e.g. physical/human. Just say what you can see!
Clear blue
skies
Beautiful
Scenery
Accommodation
Transport of skiers
up the hill slope.
Snowy
Mountains
Forests
Town
buildings
Ski lift
The photo above shows the physical and human attractions.
Colour the boxes in 2 colours.
1 = Physical attractions
2 = Human attractions
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Q: Using evidence from the photo only, explain
why tourists might be attracted to this location.
(4 marks)
There are mountains in the background which will provide
beautiful scenery for walkers and mountain climbers.
There are buildings along the beach at the side of the
photo which could provide tourists with cafes and shops.
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It’s 4 marks. Aim for at least 3 different
points. I have done two for you. Now
finish the answer with two more.
1) Explain one economic, one
social and one political cause of
the growth of tourism.
2) Has tourism globally increased
or decreased?
3) Name two physical attractions I
might find at a beach.
4) Name two human attractions I
would find in a beach area.
5) Name a human attraction at a
ski resort.
I can define different types of holiday.
Holidays can take place within the UK. These are DOMESTIC holidays. Or they can
take place abroad (no posh term for that one!)
Tour Operators – These are the companies that put package holidays
together. You pick up their brochures when you go into a travel agent.
Some have their own websites.
Travel agent – These are the shops you go into to book your holiday. They
sell holidays provided by Tour Operators.
7
There are many different types of package holiday. You
Package Holidays
Package holidays consist of TRANSPORT and ACOMMODATION included in the price
and ADVERTISED together and sold by a TOUR OPERATER e.g. Thomas Cook. They
go to POPULAR resorts e.g. Costa Brava or Majorca.
They tend to be CHEAP and
encourage MASS tourism (lots of tourists flock there).
They may also include things like car hire, outings to local attractions and holiday reps to
help people on their stay.
Mass tourism is where large companies (multinationals) shape developments
depending on demand. They often have little regard for the location and its
communities. Cruises, and theme parks such as Disney Land are becoming mass
tourist destinations.
Alternative Holidays
These types of holidays are about individuals and small groups. Some are led by guides,
some are do-it-yourself. There are many types. Here are some you should know.
1) Adventure Holidays
A holiday for the purpose of challenge, exploration, skills development or thrills. Such
holidays may involve an element of risk e.g. bungee jumping, white water rafting and
abseiling. E.g. kayaking in the Ardeche, France.
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2) Backpacking holidays
Involve low cost, independent travel. These tourists organise their travels themselves and
tend to stay in budget accommodation e.g. low cost hotels, hostels and campsites. E.g.
Thailand
3) Educational Holidays
Holidays that involve learning how to cook, make pottery or wine tasting, e.g. Wine in
Bordeaux
4) Wedding holidays
Holidays that involve getting married in exotic locations. Many tour operators will arrange a
package tour that includes a honey-moon and marriage ceremony. E.g. Getting married in
Greece.
5) Conservation holidays
Where people give their time to work and explore e.g. working on footpaths in the Lake
District.
Q: What is a package holiday? (2 marks)
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Look at the table below. Read the description of the holiday and put a cross in the box with
the correct type of holiday.
9
Now go back to the 1st have a go task ‘What is a package holiday?
Mark your answer using the mark scheme below. If you didn’t get 2/2, re-write it.
I can explain resort development in relation to the butler model.
All tourist resorts started as a normal village or town. To become popular, they went
through something called a life cycle. This was made into model by a man called Butler. It is
called the Butler model. It has SIX stages.
A different Butler, but it might help you remember!
Rejuvenation
Development
Remembering the stages: Everyone in Devon Can Swallow Red Dragons
Exploration
Everyone
Involvement
In
Development
Devon
Consolidation
Can
Stagnation
Swallow
Rejuvenation or
Decline
Red Dragons!
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You need to know a case study of a resort in relation to the Butler Model. We will look at
BLACKPOOL
What happens at each stage?
Stage
1: Exploration
Description
Few tourists
Few facilities
Interaction with locals
Adventure or discovery holiday.
2: Involvement Tourism numbers increase steadily.
Facilities begin to be provided.
3:
Numbers of tourists rise rapidly.
Development
Up-to-date facilities provided but not run by local people.
4:
Maximum tourist numbers
Consolidation
Peak number of facilities.
5: stagnation
Resort loses popularity.
Attractions become old.
6: Rejuvenation Resort rebrands itself.
OR
Tourist numbers increase.
6: Decline
People stop coming to the area.
Property is sold
Tourism buildings such as hotels close.
And in Blackpool?
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This topic is more often than not one of the big questions (either 4 or 6 marks).
Sometimes it asks you to talk about a certain stage, other times the development of
the resort over time. Here are some past questions.
1) Choose a study you have made of a holiday resort in the European Union. Use the Butler
model of resort development to explain how the resort has developed.
2) Describe what happens to a resort when it is at the stagnation stage (Stage 5) of the Butler
model.
3) Choose a study you have made of an EU holiday resort. Explain how the resort has
developed.
4) Choose a study of the development of an EU resort. Describe how this resort developed
during the rejuvenation stage of the Butler model.
In these questions, the examiner will presume that you do the following. (Even if it
doesn’t ask!)
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Use a case study (Blackpool)
Say what is happening in Blackpool
Link it to the stage(s) of the Butler model.
So in
Q1: It says holiday resort in the EU – this is Blackpool
Q2: It doesn’t say use a case study – but you should
Q3: It doesn’t mention the Butler model – but they want you to explain the development using it.
Q4: This question gives you all the hints – our friend the EU - Blackpool
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1) Build an answer. Let’s take Q3 - Choose a study you have made of an EU holiday
resort. Explain how the resort has developed. (6marks).
To build your answer use PEE. You should end up with 7 paragraphs. I have done the first
paragraph for you.
Task 1:
Colour 1: where I have made a point.
Colour 2: where I have used evidence.
Colour 3: where I have explained/linked.
Task 2: Complete the question so you end up with 7 paragraphs in total.
Paragraph 1: Blackpool in Lancashire started life as a small hamlet. It has developed through the
stages of the Butler model. Blackpool developed in the exploration stage. This is the stage of the
model where very few tourists visit. This was the case in Blackpool in the 18th century when only
rich people would visit to sea bath in the sea. They thought that the sea would cure diseases.
Paragraph 2: Blackpool then entered into the Involvement stage. At this stage.._______________
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Mark scheme check: Do you think you have reached the top mark band for the question you have
just answered?
Q1: What is a package holiday?
Q2: What is mass tourism?
Q3: What kind of holiday would I would be most
likely to stay in a hostel?
Q4: Name the 6 stages of the Butler model
Q5: What happens to Blackpool in the consolidation
stage?
I can explain the impacts of tourism on a LIC
Impacts can be:
POSITIVE or NEGATIVE
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC or ENVIRONMENTAL
14
LIC case study: MACHU PICCHU, PERU (S. America)
Machu Picchu is a 15th century Inca site.
People visit the ancient site. Many people trek there.
NEGATIVE: ECONOMIC
POSITIVE: ECONOMIC
Much of today’s tourism is in the hands of large
companies. The Sanctuary Lodge hotel at the entrance
of Machu Picchu is owned by the Orient-Express hotels
group. This means that profit leaves the country and
doesn’t benefit local people. Many of the jobs are
taken by foreigners.
The multiplier effect takes place. At the local market
in Pisac, stalls have been set up for the tourists.
Porters are paid $10 a day and tipped by richer
clients. As tourist numbers increase, more money is
spent locally in amenities such as shops. This
generates more opportunities to make money.
NEGATIVE ENVIRONEMTNAL:
POSITIVE ENVIRONEMTNAL:
-
-
-
Erosion is occurring on the Inca trail with the 500
tourists walking it a day.
People pick Orchids
Bins on the trail are emptied by wardens and then
dumped just off the trail.
Visual pollution (tourists at the site)
-
No plastic bottles are allowed.
Tourists pay $50 each to walk the Inca trail which
contributes to its upkeep.
The number of people are limited to 500/day.
The area is a world heritage site which protects it.
POSITIVE: Social
Negative: Social
-
-
-
Extra income in the area as
tourism provides jobs and
opportunities to sell
souvenirs on the trail.
Porters are limited to 25 KG
and earn a set wage.
15
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Breakdown in culture as local
people become more
westernised in their clothes
and culture.
Some porters are treated
badly by the companies.
I can explain the impacts of tourism on an HIC
NEGATIVE: ECONOMIC
-
-
House prices are pushed up. Many houses are holiday
homes. In 1991, 55% of houses in Malham were
holiday homes.
House prices are 15% higher.
Tourism jobs are seasonal and can be poorly paid.
POSITIVE: ECONOMIC
Malham is in the Yorkshire Dales, UK
-
Employment – farmer at Town Head farm charges £10
a night at his campsite. Offers parking for £3 a day.
Extra income
Attractions/cafes provide jobs for local people e.g. The
Cove Centre.
NEGATIVE ENVIRONEMTNAL:
POSITIVE ENVIRONEMTNAL:
-
-
-
Footpath erosion, especially to Janet’s Foss
waterfall.
Climb on stone walls
Dogs worry sheep.
-
More footpaths created through the creation of open
access land which is good for locals and tourists.
It is in the National Park so laws mean that new
developments are regulated.
POSITIVE: Social
Negative: Social
-
-
-
Tourism is beneficial to local
services e.g. banks/public
transport. E.g. The bus to Skipton
is more frequent in the summer
months which is also good for the
locals.
Residents benefit from The Buck
Inn extending its opening hours.
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-
Visitors cause congestion in
Malham.
The Buck Inn has lost its local
culture as it provides for
tourists.
Impacts summary (learn these first, then begin to use examples)
Environmental
Social
Positive
- Popular areas become
protected and improved.
- Money from tourism
goes back into the
environment.
Negative
- Littler
- Disturbance to wildlife
- Footpath erosion
- Visual pollution.
-
-
Money and jobs for local
people
Economic
-
Local economy
improves.
-
Tourism incoe could be
taken away from area if
owned by large
companies.
Disturbance of normal
life (congestion, noise)
House prices increase
for local people.
Outline the ways in which tourism can have a negative impact on the environment.
(4 marks)
(Remember, outline means explain)
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I can explain how an eco-tourist destination can benefit the local community and protect the
environment.
Eco-tourism is a form of sustainable tourism so it has to do two things. (Look back to
page 2.
1) Protect the environment
2) Benefit local people.
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Benefitting People
Protecting the Environment.
1) Furniture is made from
local craftsman in
GUNJAR = money
staying in the area.
2) Local women create
tie dye sharing their
culture with tourists
and generating money.
3) 20% of profit from
Footsteps goes to local
people.
4) A gift shop sells
products made by local
people.
5) All 22 staff come from
the local village of
Gunjar.
6) Staff are paid for the
whole year, not just in
season.
7) Staff are given medical
and dental care.
8) Staff have the
opportunity to get
promoted within
Footsteps or in the
wider tourism
industry.
1) Wind and sun used to
produce electricity =
clean.
2) Everything at the lodge
is recycled if it can be.
3) The lodge grows its
own vegetables which
is greener than
importing them.
4) Toilets are composting
toilets.
5) Water is recycled (grey
water).
6) Hot water is heated by
the sun.
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Footsteps.
Gambia
Needs a balanced
answer. 3 explained
points for each.
Choose a study you have made of an eco-tourist destination.
Explain how eco-tourism can protect the environment and benefit the local community.
(6)
Chosen eco-tourist destination
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1) What must sustainable
development do?
2) Explain 3 positive impacts
of tourism.
3) Identify three ways that
Footsteps is sustainable.
4) Explain the process of
footpath erosion.
5) Identify three impacts of
tourism on the
environment.