Term Paper
(2) Paraphrasing and Quoting
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How to cite sources within the text
• You must always identify where you got your
information by using “citations”
• Examples of citations:
• Smith (1997) found that families without phone services have
trouble contacting utilities and social service agencies to seek
benefits for which they qualify.
• Families without phone services have trouble contacting
utilities and social service agencies to seek benefits for which
they qualify (Smith, 1997).
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How to cite sources within the text
• You must always identify where you got your
information by using “citations”
• If “common-knowledge”, don’t need citation
• ALMOST NOTHING IS COMMON KNOWLEDGE
http://wps.ablongman.com/long_longman_uopapl_2/0,,1838379-,00.html
• If not common-knowledge, need citation
• ALMOST EVERY SENTENCE IN YOUR PAPER
SHOULD HAVE A CITATION.
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How to cite sources within the text
• You must always identify where you got your
information by using “citations”
• When referring to another source, you will either
paraphrase or quote (and then cite the source)
• If you don’t cite the source, that is plagiarism.
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PARAPHRASING
• If you want to paraphrase a source:
• You put it into your own words.
AND THEN YOU CITE THE SOURCE
• Paraphrasing is more than changing a few words.
• Paraphrasing is easier when you are synthesizing
more than 1 source.
• Try reading the original passage until you
understand it’s full meaning, then set it aside, and
imagine you are explaining the ideas to a friend,
what would you say?
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QUOTING
• If you want to directly quote a source:
• Quotations of less then 40 words should be
incorporated into the text, such as:
Smith (1997) found that “families without phone services have
trouble contacting utilities and social service agencies to seek
benefits for which they qualify” (p. 276).
• Quotations of more than 40 words use a separate “block
quotation”, such as:
Smith (1997) found that:
Families without phone services have
trouble contacting utilities and social
service agencies to seek benefits for
which they qualify. (p. 276).
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• Let’s go over the handout:
“How to use Citations and References when
Writing a Research Paper.”
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• Summary
(1) For almost every sentence…
(2) you will be either paraphrasing or quoting a source
(3) and then providing citations to the source.
FYI - don’t have more than 1 quote per page.
• Here are websites that provide concise
information about how to use in-text citations
for paraphrasing and quoting
•
http://library.concordia.ca/help/howto/apa.php
•
http://www.vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/index.aspx?doc_id=796
•
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/
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What is Plagiarism?
• Plagiarism is defined as
• to steal and pass off (ideas or words of another)
as one’s own
• use information without crediting the source
• present a new and original idea derived from an
existing source as one’s own.
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Consequences of Plagiarism
• Plagiarism is a form of dishonesty. The academic
community relies upon the reciprocal exchange of ideas and
information to further knowledge and research. Using
information without acknowledging its source violates this
process and cheats writers and researchers of the credit they
deserve for their work and creativity.
• Plagiarism can have even more dire consequences for
students. A plagiarized paper can result in a failing grade in a
course and, at some schools, disciplinary action ranging
from suspension to expulsion. A record of such action may
adversely affect professional opportunities in the future as
well as graduate school admission.
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Definite don’ts
• copying and pasting complete papers from electronic sources
• copying and pasting passages from electronic sources without
placing the passages in quotes and properly citing the source
• having others write complete papers or portions of papers for you
• summarizing ideas without citing their source
• closely paraphrasing - not putting the information in your own
words (even if it's cited)
• quoting statistics without naming the source unless you gathered
the data yourself
• using words and passages you don't understand and can't explain
• self-plagiarizing - using one paper for more than one class without
the permission of your professors
• making up sources
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Deliberate v. Accidental Plagiarism
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Some Tutorials….
• Acceptable Use or Plagiarism?
• http://www.amarris.homestead.com/files/paraphrase.html
• http://www.lib.usm.edu/legacy/plag/acceptuse1.php
• http://www.lib.usm.edu/legacy/plag/acceptuse2.php
• http://wps.ablongman.com/long_longman_uopapl_2/0,,1838379-,00.html
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Web Documents
• Let’s look at handout:
“Referencing, Citing, and Quoting a Web Document”
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Writing Exercise #5
• You will use our Critical Thinking Toolbox to examine
another article for your Term Paper.
• 1-3 page double-spaced typed paper that analyzes the
arguments for and against the topic of the article
• You must use APA format for citations, quotations,
and paraphrasing
• The purpose of Writing Exercise 5 is to learn how to
paraphrase and quote, and to learn how to cite.
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