Exploring the Scientific
and Laboratory
Animals Industry
Lesson 11
Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards Addressed!
• HS‐LS4‐4. Construct an explanation based on evidence for how
natural selection leads to adaptation of populations. [Clarification
Statement: Emphasis is on using data to provide evidence for how
specific biotic and abiotic differences in ecosystems (such as ranges
of seasonal temperature, long‐term climate change, acidity, light,
geographic barriers, or evolution of other organisms) contribute to a
change in gene frequency over time, leading to adaptation of
populations.]
• HS‐LS2‐8. Evaluate the evidence for the role of group behavior on
individual and species’ chances to survive and
reproduce[Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on: (1) distinguishing
between group and individual behavior, (2) identifying evidence
supporting the outcomes of group behavior, and (3) developing
logical and reasonable arguments based on evidence. Examples of
group behaviors could include flocking, schooling, herding, and
cooperative behaviors such as hunting, migrating, and swarming.]
Bell Work
• List types and methods of animal
research.
• Describe what animals are used in
laboratory research.
• Explain models and management
used for laboratory animals.
Terms
• Animal by-product
tissue
• Applied research
• Basic research
• Clinical research
• Laboratory animals
• Living animals
• Nonhuman
primates
• Nonliving research
Interest Approach
• Ask the question: “How do humans know if
products are safe for use?” Generate
discussion on the benefits of using
animals to test products and provide
medical advances.
List types and methods of
animal research.
What types and methods are used
for animal research?
• Laboratory animals
– Animals - used and raised for research done
in laboratories
– provided many advances for humans
– pros and cons for using animals for research
– benefit to human health has been extremely
important
Types of Research
Animal by-product
tissue
• animal tissue taken
from animals and
then used for other
purposes
• parts taken are from
tissue, organs, and
any other needed
parts
Basic Research
• research carried out
in nature or in a lab
that will increase
understanding of
diseases and life
processes
• used to provide data
and usually does not
have a predetermined
goal
Types of Research
Applied Research
• Research that has a
specific goal, like
developing a vaccine
for a disease
Clinical Research
• research that focuses
on a specific problem
and is conducted in a
medical facility
• often uses the
species that is
intended to benefit as
subjects
• New drug
development for
example
Describe what animals are
used in laboratory research.
What animals are used in lab
research?
• Many species are
used for research
• ability to live in very
little space and
reproduce quickly
makes some animals
better suited for
research.
What animals are used in lab
research?
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Mice
account for over 90% of
animals used
small, easy to handle,
reproduce quickly and
require little money to
keep
Rats
mainly for behavior and
nutrition studies
require little space
well tempered
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Hamsters
small, stout, furry animals
more aggressive than
mice and rats
care needs to be taken
when handling
Guinea pigs
similar to hamsters
very calm
easier to handle
reproduce quickly
live successfully in a
confined area
What animals are used in lab
research?
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•
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Rabbits
used for drug testing
they experience some
of the common
ailments of humans
Cats
studies with the brain
research is easier
since brain is less
complicated
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Dogs
used in lab research
surgical studies
physiological
experiments
more space is
required to house
them
What animals are used in lab
research?
Nonhuman Primates
• animals that are more
similar to humans than
any other animal
• monkeys
• communication
experiments
Other Creatures
• lobsters used to study
nerves since their
nervous systems are
simple
Explain models and management
techniques used for laboratory
animals.
Objective #3
What models and management
techniques are used for lab animals?
• use of animals for research is a well
managed in a strictly controlled area
• models have been developed to ensure
proper use of lab animals
• 4 basic research animal models
– living animals
– tissue cultures
– nonliving systems
– human-created computer models
What models and management
techniques are used for lab animals?
• Living animal
– one that is used when it is alive and can respond to
treatments
– only used when it is completely necessary
• Tissue cultures
– taken from animals and then used in experiments
• Nonliving research
– done to relate movement or injury to animal systems
• Computer models
– used to quicken experiment results
What models and management
techniques are used for lab animals?
• Many specific regulations
• Must meet acceptable standards
• approved by the Institutional Animal Care and
Use Committee
• Allowed based on the Animal Welfare Act of
1985
– enacted to assure acceptable use of animals
• Inspections done by Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service and the Public Health Service
in every state.
What models and management
techniques are used for lab animals?
• 2 basic animal needs
that are monitored
– Nutrition
– Environment
• Nutrition
– keep animals well fed
– malnutrition could
affect experiment
results
Review
• What types and methods are used for
animal research?
• What animals are used in lab
research?
• What models and management
techniques are used for lab animals?
The End!