N
H
Distribution of methamphetamine
and amphetamine in drug
abusers’ head hair
N
H
N
H
Sooyeun Lee , Eunyoung Han, Yonghoon Park, Hwakyung Choi, Heesun Chung
Forensic Science International 2009
N
H
พ.ต.ต.ธนบูรณ์ ธัชศฤงคารสกุล รหัส 51312341
ดร.ศิริรัตน์ ชูสกุลเกรี ยง อ.ที่ปรึ กษา
N
H
The target
In the current study hair results collected for
last three years were evaluated using the same
statistical manner. The MA and AP concentrations in
hair were put into three groups and the metabolite-toparent drug ratios of each group were examined.
Furthermore, the concentration ranges proposed here
were applied to the interpretation of five actual cases.
The study of metabolite-to-parent drug ratios of
metham- phetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine
in hair
Eunyoung Han *, Yonghoon Park, Wonkyung Yang, Jaesin Lee,
Sooyeun Lee, Eunmi Kim, Miae Lim, Heesun Chung
Comparisons of pubic, axillary, and head hair by AP and MA concentrations and
the ratios of AP/MA Pubic hair (n = 41) Axillary hair
Pubic hair
(n = 41)
Axillary hair
(n = 14)
AP concentration (ng/mg)
0.14–8.35 (1.02)
0.22–6.58 (1.57)
0.13–13.39 (0.87)
MA concentration (ng/mg)
0.91–64.78 (15.54)
1.76–55.50 (17.82)
0.51–193.75 (11.80)
AP/MA ratio
0.02–0.29 (0.08)
0.06–0.16 (0.11)
0.004–1.16 (0.09)
Age (years)
29–51 (39)
29–49 (39)
17–69 (37)
The figures in parentheses denote the mean values.
Head hair
n = 2389
Overview
- Introduction
- Drug abuse
- Head hair structure
- Method
- Experiment
- Sample preparation
- GC/MS analysis
- Results and discussion
- Conclusion
Drug abuse
- Methamphetamine (MA)
-Molecular weight :149.23 g/mol
-Melting point : 170-175 °C
- Amphetamine (AP)
-Molecular weight : 135.21 g/mol
-Melting point : 281-285 °C
Head hair structure
-Hair is constituted by fibrous proteins
- α-keratin (85-93%)
- melanins
- water (3-5%)
- lipid (1-9%)
- mineral compound (0.25-0.95%)
The duration of stages growth may influence length of hair and
density of a scalp. Hair growth varies between 0.7 and 3.6 cm/month,
a mean of 1 cm/month is generally accepted.
Method
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)
Sample preparation
washed hair samples
cut and weighed accurately
add in 1% HCl in methanol for 20 h at 38 ˚C
add MA-d5 and APd5
evaporated at 45 ˚C under N2 gas
derivatized with 100 ml of trifluoroacetic
anhydride (TFAA)/ethyl acetate (1:1)
incubated at 65 ˚C for 15 min
evaporated at 45 ˚C under N2 gas
reconstituted in ethanol
gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)
GC/MS analysis
GC condition
- column: HP-5MS capillary column
- injector temperature: 260 ◦C
- column temperature: initial temperature 100 ◦C (1 min) increase to 270 ◦C
at a rate of 20 ◦C/min to 270 ◦C (10 min)
- detector: MS analyzer (SIM mode) ; MA, m/z 154, 118, 110,91
; AP, m/z 140, 118, 91
; MA-d5, 158, 122
; AP-d5, 144, 122
MA and AP concentrations (ng/mg) in drug abusers’
head hair (no. of cases = 2070, no. of segments = 2355)
MA
AP
0.5
Cut-off
0.1
21.0
0.7
0.5
1.5
0.1
0.1
Median
4.2
10.1
0.4
0.8
Percentile 75
24.5
1.7
Maximum
608.9
41.4
Mean
Standard error
Minimum
Percentile 25
Interpretation
Concentrations of AP, MA and the ratios of AP/MA of head hair
A.
Miki [9]
MA user
No. of case
15
MA concentration (ng/mg) 0.9 - 56.4
- Mean (ng/mg)
- Median (ng/mg)
AP concentration (ng/mg)
- Mean (ng/mg)
- Median (ng/mg)
E. Han [5]
MA user
2389
0.51 - 193.75
17.8
11.80
7.2
-
0.1 – 3.5
0.9
0.5
0.13 – 13.39
T. Cairns [10]
volunteer subjects from
drug rehabilitation programs
40
0.2 - 34.4
10.2
6.2
0.0 - 4.5
0.87
1.0
-
0.7
MA and AP concentrations (ng/mg) in drug abusers’
head hair (no. of cases = 2070, no. of segments = 2355)
MA
AP
0.5
21.0
0.7
0.1
1.5
0.1
0.5
0.1
Median
4.2
10.1
0.4
0.8
Percentile75
24.5
1.7
Maximum
608.9
41.4
Cut-off
Mean
Standard error
Minimum
Percentile25
Low range
Medium range
High range
Distribution of AP/MA ratios.
mean
median
Interpretation of MA and AP concentrations in drug abusers’ head hair.
Subject
Segment
no.
Hair
length (cm)
Concentrations
(ng/mg)
MA
AP
Interpretation
1
3
1.0
0.1
low
2
3
5.9
0.6
medium
3
3
2.4
0.1
low
4
3
1.4
0.3
low
B
1
2-9
124.5
5.6
high
C
1
6-12
6.9
0.3
low to medium
D
1
12
3.2
0.2
low
E
1
3-4
12.0
1.3
medium
A
Conclusion
This evaluation was useful to provide
the police with more understandable
information on the presumed severity of
drug use than quantitative values only.
It could also facilitate the court’s
decision regarding specific circumstances
surrounding the drug-related crimes.
TFA derivatives of methamphetamine,amphetamine
อธิบาย
Derivatization : การเปลี่ยนหมู่ฟังก์ชนั ของสาร ในกรณี น้ ีเพื่อให้สารกลายเป็ น ion ได้ง่าย